Mutemo weDare reHurumende rePeople's Republic of China
Nhamba 785
"Mitemo yeRare Earth Management" yakagamuchirwa paMusangano we31st Executive weState Council musi wa26 Kubvumbi, 2024, uye yakaziviswa uye ichatanga kushanda musi wa1 Gumiguru, 2024.
Mutungamiri Li Qiang
Chikumi 22, 2024
Mitemo yeKutarisira Nyika Dzisina Kujairika
Chinyorwa 1Mitemo iyi yakagadzirwa nemitemo yakakodzera kuchengetedza nekusimudzira nekushandisa zviwanikwa zvenyika zvisingawanzoonekwi, kukurudzira kukura kweindasitiri yenyika isingawanzoonekwi, kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvenyika pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwemaindasitiri.
Chinyorwa 2Mitemo iyi inoshanda kumabasa akadai sekuchera, kunyungudutsa, nekuparadzanisa, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, kutenderera kwezvinhu, uye kupinza nekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika munzvimbo yePeople's Republic of China.
Chinyorwa 3Basa rekutarisira zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki rinofanira kuita kuti zvinhu zvienderane nezvinodiwa neBato neHurumende, kutevedzera musimboti wekupa kukosha kwakaenzana pakuchengetedza zviwanikwa nekuzvivandudza nekushandisa, uye kutevedzera misimboti yekuronga zvese, kuona kuchengetedzeka, hunyanzvi hwesainzi nehunyanzvi, uye budiriro yezvakatipoteredza.
Chinyorwa chechinaZviwanikwa zvenyika zvisingawanikwe ndezveHurumende; hapana sangano kana munhu anogona kupindira kana kuparadza zviwanikwa zvenyika zvisingawanikwe.
Hurumende inosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvevhu risingawanzoonekwi nemutemo uye inoita kuti zviwanikwa zvevhu risingawanzoonekwi zvicherwe.
Chinyorwa 5Hurumende inoshandisa hurongwa hwakabatana hwekusimudzira indasitiri yevhu risingawanzoonekwi. Dhipatimendi reMaindasitiri neTekinoroji yeRuzivo reDare reHurumende rine hunyanzvi, pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera eDare reHurumende, rinofanira kugadzira nekuronga kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwekuvandudza indasitiri yevhu risingawanzoonekwi nemutemo.
Chinyorwa 6Hurumende inokurudzira uye inotsigira kutsvagisa nekugadzira nekushandisa matekinoroji matsva, maitiro matsva, zvigadzirwa zvitsva, zvinhu zvitsva, uye michina mitsva muindasitiri ye rare earth, inoramba ichivandudza mwero wekuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zve rare earth, uye inokurudzira kukura kwepamusoro-soro, kwakangwara uye kwakasvibira kweindasitiri ye rare earth.
Chinyorwa 7Dhipatimendi rezvemaindasitiri neruzivo reDare reHurumende rine basa rekutarisira indasitiri yezvenyika isingawanzoonekwi munyika yese, uye vanoongorora vanogadzira nekuronga kushandiswa kwemitemo nematanho ekutarisira indasitiri yezvenyika isingawanzoonekwi. Dhipatimendi rezvezviwanikwa zveNyika reDare reHurumende nemamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera vane basa rekutarisira zvenyika isingawanzoonekwi mukati memabasa avo.
Hurumende dzevanhu vemunharaunda dziri padanho redunhu kana kupfuura dzine basa rekutarisira ivhu diki munzvimbo dzadzo. Madhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi akakodzera ehurumende dzevanhu vemunharaunda dziri padanho redunhu kana kupfuura, akadai seindasitiri neruzivo rwetekinoroji nezviwanikwa zvechisikigo, anofanira kutarisira ivhu diki zvichienderana nemabasa avo.
Chinyorwa 8Dhipatimendi rezvemaindasitiri neruzivo rweState Council, pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera eState Council, rinofanira kusarudza makambani ekuchera ivhu rare earth uye makambani ekunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa ivhu rare earth uye richazivisa veruzhinji.
Kunze kwemabhizinesi akatarwa nendima yekutanga yeChinyorwa chino, mamwe masangano nevanhu havafanirwe kuita mukuchera ivhu risingawanzoonekwi uye kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi.
Chinyorwa 9Makambani ekuchera migodhi yevhu anofanirwa kuwana kodzero dzekuchera migodhi nemarezinesi ekuchera migodhi kuburikidza nemitemo yekutarisira zviwanikwa zvemigodhi, mitemo yekutonga, uye mitemo yenyika yakakodzera.
Kudyara mari mumapurojekiti ekuchera, kunyungudutsa, uye kupatsanura zvinhu kunofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo, mitemo yekutonga, uye mitemo yenyika yakakodzera pamusoro pekutarisira mapurojekiti ekudyara mari.
Chinyorwa 10Hurumende inoshandisa kutonga kwakazara kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakacherwa pasi zvisingawanzoonekwi uye kunyungudutsa pasi zvisingawanzoonekwi, uye inovandudza manejimendi inoshanduka, zvichibva pazvinhu zvakaita sekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzoonekwi uye kusiyana kwemarudzi, kukura kwemaindasitiri, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudiwa kwemusika. Matanho chaiwo achagadzirwa nebazi rezvemaindasitiri neruzivo reState Council pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi ezviwanikwa zvechisikigo, ekuvandudza nekugadzirisa, nemamwe madhipatimendi.
Makambani ekuchera ivhu risingawanzoonekwi pamwe chete nemakambani ekunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa ivhu risingawanzoonekwi anofanira kutevedzera mitemo yenyika yose yekudzora huwandu hwezvinhu.
Chinyorwa 11Hurumende inokurudzira uye inotsigira makambani kuti ashandise matekinoroji epamusoro uye anoshanda uye maitiro ekushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvechipiri zvepasi risingawanzoonekwi.
Makambani ekushandisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa nevhu rakasiyana haabvumidzwe kuita mabasa ekugadzira zvinhu achishandisa zvicherwa zvevhu zvisina kugadzirwa.
Chinyorwa 12Makambani ari kuita mabasa ekuchera matombo, kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa simbi, kunyungudutsa simbi, uye kushandiswa kwakazara anofanira kutevedzera mitemo nemirau yakakodzera pamusoro pezvicherwa, kuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzira zvinhu zvakachena, kuchengetedzeka kwekugadzira, uye kudzivirira moto, uye kutora matanho akakodzera ekudzivirira njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira kusvibiswa, uye kudzora nekudzivirira kuchengetedzeka kuti adzivirire zvinobudirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza kugadzirwa.
Chinyorwa 13Hapana sangano kana munhu anotenderwa kutenga, kugadzirisa, kutengesa, kana kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zve rare earth zvakacherwa zvisiri pamutemo kana zvakanyungudutswa uye zvakaparadzaniswa zvisiri pamutemo.
Chinyorwa 14Dhipatimendi rezvemaindasitiri neruzivo reState Council, pamwe chete nebazi rezvezviwanikwa, rezvekutengeserana, rezvemitero, remitero, nemamwe madhipatimendi eState Council, richagadzira hurongwa hweruzivo rwekutevedza zvigadzirwa zverare earth, kusimbisa manejimendi yekutevedza zvigadzirwa zverare earth mukati mehurongwa hwese, uye kukurudzira kugovera data pakati pemadhipatimendi akakodzera.
Makambani ari kuita zvekuchera, kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa zvinhu, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zverare earth anofanira kugadzira hurongwa hwekunyora kuyerera kwezvinhu zverare earth, kunyora chokwadi ruzivo rwekuyerera kwezvinhu zverare earth, uye kuzviisa muhurongwa hweruzivo rwekutevera zvigadzirwa zverare earth.
Chinyorwa 15Kupinza nekuburitsa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvenyika zvisingawanzoonekwi pamwe chete nematekinoroji, maitiro, uye zvishandiso zvine chekuita nazvo zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yakakodzera nemitemo yekutonga kutengeserana kwekunze uye manejimendi yekutumira nekuburitsa kunze kwenyika. Kune zvinhu zvinodzorwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvinofanirwawo kutevedzera mitemo yekudzora kutumira kunze kwenyika nemitemo yekutonga.
Chinyorwa 16Hurumende ichavandudza hurongwa hwekuchengetedza ivhu rare earth nekubatanidza matura ekuchengetedza neanowanikwa mumaminerari.
Nzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi inoitwa nekubatanidza nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu nehurumende nenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu, uye chimiro nehuwandu hwemhando dzenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu zvinogara zvichivandudzwa. Matanho chaiwo anofanirwa kurongwa neDevelopment and Reform Commission neDhipatimendi reMari reState Council pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi hweindasitiri neruzivo rwetekinoroji, pamwe nemadhipatimendi ekuchengetedza zviyo nezvinhu.
Dhipatimendi rezviwanikwa zvemusikirwo reDare reHurumende, pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera eDare reHurumende, vanofanira kusarudza nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zviwanikwa zvemusikirwo zvichienderana nekukosha kwekuona kuti zviwanikwa zvemusikirwo zvemusikirwo zvakachengeteka, vachifunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekuchengeterwa zviwanikwa, kugoverwa, uye kukosha, uye kusimbisa kutarisirwa nekuchengetedzwa nemutemo. Matanho chaiwo achagadzirwa nedhipatimendi rezviwanikwa zvemusikirwo reDare reHurumende pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera eDare reHurumende.
Chinyorwa 17Masangano eindasitiri yemhando yeRare Earth anofanira kugadza nekuvandudza mitemo yeindasitiri, kusimbisa manejimendi yekuzvidzora muindasitiri, kutungamira mabhizinesi kuti ateerere mutemo uye ashande nekuvimbika, uye kukurudzira makwikwi akakodzera.
Chinyorwa 18Madhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri neruzivo rwemichina pamwe nemamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera (anozonzi madhipatimendi ekutarisira nekuongorora) anotarisira nekutarisa migodhi, kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, kutenderera kwezvinhu, kupinza nekuburitsa ivhu rare earth pasi pemitemo nemirairo yakakodzera uye zviri muMitemo iyi nekugoverwa kwemabasa avo, uye kugadzirisa zviito zvisiri pamutemo nekukurumidza nemutemo.
Madhipatimendi ekutarisira nekuongorora ane kodzero yekutora matanho anotevera pakuita basa rekutarisira nekuongorora:
(1) Kukumbira chikamu chakaongororwa kuti chipe magwaro nezvinhu zvakakodzera;
(2) Kubvunza chikwata chakaongororwa nevashandi vayo vakakodzera uye kuvakumbira kuti vatsanangure mamiriro ezvinhu ane chekuita nenyaya dziri kutarisirwa nekuongorora;
(3) Kupinda munzvimbo dzinofungirwa kuti dzine mabasa asiri pamutemo kuti vaite ongororo nekuunganidza humbowo;
(iv) Bata zvinhu zverare earth, maturusi, nemidziyo zvine chekuita nemabasa asiri pamutemo uye vhara nzvimbo dziri kuitwa mabasa asiri pamutemo;
(5) Mamwe matanho anotsanangurwa nemitemo nemitemo yekutonga.
Mayuniti akaongororwa nevashandi vawo vakakodzera vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete, kupa magwaro akakodzera nezvinhu zvechokwadi, uye havazorambi kana kurambidza.
Chinyorwa 19Kana dhipatimendi rekutarisira nekuongorora rikaita basa rekutarisira nekuongorora, panofanira kunge paine vashandi vaviri vekutarisira nekuongorora, uye vanofanira kubudisa zvitupa zvepamutemo zvekutonga.
Vashandi vemumadhipatimendi ekutarisira nekuongorora vanofanirwa kuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvehurumende, zvakavanzika zvekutengeserana, neruzivo rwemunhu rwunowanikwa panguva yekutarisira nekuongorora.
Chinyorwa 20Munhu wese anotyora zviri muMitemo iyi uye oita chero chii zvacho chinotevera acharangwa neDhipatimendi reZviwanikwa zveMusikirwo rine hunyanzvi nemutemo:
(1) Bhizinesi rekuchera zvinhu zvisina kujairika rinochera zviwanikwa zvisina kujairika risina kuwana kodzero yekuchera kana rezenisi yekuchera, kana kuchera zvinhu zvisina kujairika zviri kunze kwenzvimbo yekuchera yakanyoreswa kodzero yekuchera;
(2) Masangano nevanhuwo zvavo kunze kwemakambani ekuchera migodhi yevhu risingawanzoitiki vanoita basa rekuchera migodhi yevhu risingawanzoitiki.
Chinyorwa 21Kana makambani ekuchera zvinhu zvisina kujairika uye makambani ekuchera zvinhu zvisina kujairika akaita basa rekuchera zvinhu zvisina kujairika, kunyungudutsa, uye kupatsanura zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvichityora mitemo yekudzora nekutarisira huwandu hwese hwezvinhu, madhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi hwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo neindasitiri neruzivo rwechizvino-zvino anofanira, nemabasa avo, kuvaraira kuti vagadzirise zvinhu, vatore zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvakagadzirwa zvisiri pamutemo uye purofiti isiri pamutemo, uye vabhadharise faindi isingapfuure kashanu asi isingapfuure kagumi yepurofiti isiri pamutemo; kana pasina purofiti isiri pamutemo kana purofiti isiri pamutemo iri pasi peRMB 500,000, faindi isingapfuure RMB 1 miriyoni asi isingapfuure RMB 5 miriyoni inofanira kubhadhariswa; kana mamiriro acho ezvinhu akakomba, vanofanira kurairwa kuti vamise kugadzirwa kwezvinhu nekushanda kwebhizinesi, uye munhu mukuru anotarisira, mutariri ane hunyanzvi pamwe nevamwe vanhu vane hunyanzvi vacharangwa nemutemo.
Chinyorwa 22Chero kutyorwa kwezvisungo zveMitemo iyi kunoita chero chimwe chezviito zvinotevera kunofanira kurairwa nebazi rine hunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri neruzivo kuti rimise chiito chisiri pamutemo, kutora zvigadzirwa zvevhu zvisingawanikwe zvisiri pamutemo nemari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo, pamwe chete nezvishandiso nemidziyo zvinoshandiswa zvakananga pamabasa asiri pamutemo, uye kubhadharisa faindi isingapfuure kashanu asi isingapfuure kagumi yemari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo; kana pasina mari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo kana mari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo iri pasi peRMB 500,000, faindi isingapfuure RMB 2 miriyoni asi isingapfuure RMB 5 miriyoni inofanira kubhadhariswa; kana mamiriro acho akaoma, dhipatimendi rekutarisira musika nekutarisira richabvisa rezenisi rayo rebhizinesi:
(1) Masangano kana vanhu vasiri mabhizinesi ekunyungudutsa nyika zvisina tsarukano vanoita basa rekunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa zvinhu;
(2) Makambani anoshandisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka anoshandisa zvicherwa zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka sezvinhu zvekugadzira.
Chinyorwa 23Chero ani zvake anotyora zviri muMitemo iyi nekutenga, kugadzirisa, kana kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvevhu zvisingawanzoonekwi zvakacherwa kana zvakanyungudutswa zvisiri pamutemo uye zvakaparadzaniswa anofanira kurairwa nebazi rezvemaindasitiri neruzivo pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera kuti vamise maitiro asiri pamutemo, vatore zvigadzirwa zvevhu zvisingawanzoonekwi zvakatengwa, zvakagadziriswa kana kutengeswa zvisiri pamutemo pamwe chete nekuwana zvisiri pamutemo uye maturusi nemidziyo zvinoshandiswa zvakananga pamabasa asiri pamutemo, uye vabhadharise faindi isingapfuure kashanu asi isingapfuure kagumi yekuwana zvisiri pamutemo; kana pasina kuwana zvisiri pamutemo kana kuwana zvisiri pamutemo kuri pasi pe500,000 yuan, faindi isingapfuure 500,000 yuan asi isingapfuure mamiriyoni maviri yuan ichatongerwa; kana mamiriro acho akaoma, dhipatimendi rekutarisira musika nekutarisira richabvisa rezenisi rayo rebhizinesi.
Chinyorwa 24Kupinza nekuburitsa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zverare earth pamwe chete netekinoroji, maitiro, nemidziyo zvine chekuita nazvo zvichityora mitemo yakakodzera, mitemo yekutonga, uye zviri muMitemo iyi zvicharangwa nebazi rezvekutengeserana rine hunyanzvi, mitero yemutero, nemamwe madhipatimendi ane chekuita nazvo nemabasa avo uye nemutemo.
Chinyorwa 25:Kana kambani iri kuita zvekuchera, kunyungudutsa, kupatsanura, kunyungudutsa, kushandiswa kwesimbi, uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zverare earth zvikatadza kunyora ruzivo rwekufamba kwezvinhu zverare earth uye kuzviisa muhurongwa hweruzivo rwekutevera zvigadzirwa zverare earth, dhipatimendi rezvemaindasitiri neruzivo, nemamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera vanofanira kurirayira kuti rigadzirise dambudziko iri nekugovaniswa kwemabasa avo uye kuripa faindi yeRMB 50,000 yuan asi isingapfuure RMB 200,000 yuan; kana rikaramba kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, rinofanira kurairwa kuti rimise kugadzirwa kwebhizinesi, uye munhu mukuru ari kutarisira, mutariri ane mutoro pamwe nevamwe vanhu vane mutoro vachabhadhariswa faindi yeRMB 20,000 yuan asi isingapfuure RMB 50,000 yuan, uye bhizinesi richabhadhariswa faindi yeRMB 200,000 yuan asi isingapfuure RMB 1 miriyoni.
Chinyorwa 26Chero ani zvake anoramba kana kurambidza dhipatimendi rekutarisira nekuongorora kuita mabasa aro ekutarisira nekuongorora nemutemo anofanira kurairwa nedhipatimendi rekutarisira nekuongorora kuti vagadzirise zvinhu, uye munhu mukuru anotarisira, mutariri ane mutoro wakananga, nevamwe vanhu vane mutoro wakananga vachapihwa yambiro, uye bhizinesi richabhadhariswa faindi isingasviki RMB 20,000 yuan asi isingapfuure RMB 100,000 yuan; kana bhizinesi rikaramba kugadzirisa zvinhu, richarairwa kuti rimise kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa nebhizinesi, uye munhu mukuru anotarisira, mutariri ane mutoro wakananga nevamwe vanhu vane mutoro wakananga vachabhadhariswa faindi isingasviki RMB 20,000 yuan asi isingapfuure RMB 50,000 yuan, uye bhizinesi richabhadhariswa faindi isingasviki RMB 100,000 yuan asi isingapfuure RMB 500,000 yuan.
Chinyorwa 27:Makambani anoita basa rekuchera ivhu risingawanzoonekwi, kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa, kunyungudutsa simbi, uye kushandiswa kwakazara kwesimbi kunotyora mitemo nemitemo yakakodzera yekuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzira zvinhu zvakachena, kuchengetedzeka kwekugadzira, uye kudzivirira moto acharangwa nemadhipatimendi akakodzera nemabasa avo nemitemo.
Maitiro asiri pamutemo uye asina kurongeka emabhizinesi ari mukuchera ivhu risingawanzoonekwi, kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, uye kupinza nekuburitsa zvigadzirwa zveivhu risingawanzoonekwi zvinofanirwa kunyorwa muzvinyorwa zvechikwereti nemadhipatimendi akakodzera nemutemo uye zvinosanganisirwa muhurongwa hweruzivo rwechikwereti hwenyika hwakakodzera.
Chinyorwa 28Chero mushandi wedhipatimendi rekutarisira nekuongorora anoshandisa simba rake zvisizvo, anoregeredza mabasa ake, kana kuita zvisina kunaka kuti awane pundutso mukutarisira rare earths acharangwa zvichienderana nemutemo.
Chinyorwa 29Munhu wese anotyora zviri muMutemo uyu uye achiita chiito chekutyora manejimendi yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu acharangwa nemutemo; kana zvikaita mhosva, mhosva inofanira kuteverwa nemutemo.
Chinyorwa 30Mashoko anotevera ari muMitemo iyi ane zvinoreva zvinotevera:
Rare earth zvinoreva izwi rekuti zvinhu zvakaita se lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, uye yttrium.
Kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa zvinoreva maitiro ekugadzira zvicherwa zve rare earth muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve rare earth oxides, munyu, nezvimwe zvinhu.
Kunyungudutsa simbi zvinoreva maitiro ekugadzira simbi dzisina kugadzirwa kana alloys uchishandisa maokisijeni asina kugadzirwa, munyu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasanganiswa sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa.
Zviwanikwa zveRare earth secondary zvinoreva marara akaoma anogona kugadziriswa kuitira kuti zvinhu zverare earth zvirimo zvigone kushandiswa patsva, kusanganisira marara emagineti asingagari erare earth, magineti asingagari erare, uye mamwe marara ane rare earth.
Zvigadzirwa zveRare earth zvinosanganisira zvicherwa zverare earth, mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yerare earth, simbi dzakasiyana-siyana dzerare earth uye alloys, nezvimwewo.
Chinyorwa 31Madhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi akakodzera eDare reHurumende anogona kutaura nezvezvisungo zveMitemo iyi zvekutarisira simbi dzisingawanzoonekwi kunze kwevhu diki.
Chinyorwa 32Mutemo uyu unotanga kushanda musi wa1 Gumiguru, 2024.