Zvigadzirwa
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Hafnium Tetrachloride
Hafnium Tetrachloride (HfCl₄)imusanganiswa wezvinhu zvisingagadziriswe zvakanyanya unoshandiswa zvakanyanya senzira yekutanga mukugadzirwa kweceramics dzepamusoro-soro, zvinhu zvephosphor zvemadiode ane simba guru emwenje (LEDs), uye macatalysts akasiyana-siyana. Zvinonyanya kukosha, ine Lewis acidity yakasarudzika, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakanyanya mu olefin polymerization uye shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana dzeorganic. Ichikurudzirwa nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa mukugadzira semiconductor, aerospace engineering, uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvechizvarwa chinotevera, kudiwa kwepasi rose kweHfCl₄ kwakaratidza kukura kwakasimba. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwayo mumaindasitiri kuchiri kuda tekinoroji - kunoda kudzora kwakasimba kwemaitiro, feedstocks dzakachena zvakanyanya, uye kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza, hutano, uye kuchengetedzeka (EHS). Zvichipiwa basa rayo guru mukugonesa zvinhu zvinoshanda zvine simba uye macatalysts akakosha, HfCl₄ iri kuramba ichizivikanwa sezvinhu zvesainzi yezvinhu zvepamusoro uye kugadzirwa kwemakemikari akanaka.
Hafnium, 72Hf Chitarisiko Gireyi resimbi Nhamba yeAtomu (Z) 72 Chikamu paSTP Yakasimba Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka 2506 K (2233℃, 4051 ℉) Pokufashaira 4876 K (4603 ℃, 8317 ℃) Kuwanda kwemvura (pa20℃) 13.281 g/cm3 Kana mvura (pa mp) 12 g/cm3 Kupisa kwekubatana 27.2 kJ/mol Kupisa kwekupisa kwemhepo 648 kJ/mol Kukwanisa kupisa kwemamolar 25.73 J/(mol·K) Kukwanisa kupisa kwakaringana 144.154 J/(kg·K) Mwero weBhizinesi we5N Purity Grade Hafnium Tetrachloride
Chiratidzo Li 7 (ppb) Iva 9 (ppb) Nhamba 23 (ppb) Mg 24 (ppb) Al 27 (ppb) K 39 (ppb) Ca 40 (ppb) V 51 (ppb) Cr 52 (ppb) Mn 55 (ppb) Fe 56 (ppb) Co 59 (ppb) Ni 60 (ppb) Cu 63 (ppb) Zn 66 (ppb) Ga 69 (ppb) Ge 74 (ppb) Sr 87 (ppb) UMHT5N 0.371 2.056 17.575 6.786 87.888 31.963 66.976 0.000 74.184 34.945 1413.776 21.639 216.953 2.194 20.241 12.567 8.769 3846.227 Zr 90 (ppb) Nb 93 (ppb) Mo98 (ppb) Pd106 (ppb) Ag 107 (ppb) Sezvo 108 (ppb) CD 111 (ppb) Mu115 (ppb) Sn 118 (ppb) Sb 121 (ppb) Ti131 (ppb) Bhuku 138 (ppb) W 184 (ppb) Au -2197 (ppb) Hg 202 (ppb) Tl 205 (ppb) Pb 208 (ppb) Bi 209 (ppb) 41997.655 8.489 181.362 270.662 40.536 49.165 5.442 0.127 26.237 1.959 72.198 0.776 121.391 1707.062 68.734 0.926 14.582 36.176 Mhinduro: Maparamita ari pamusoro apa akaonekwa neICP-MS.
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄) chinhu chisina ruvara, chine crystalline solid ine huremu hwemamorekuru hwe320.30 g/mol uye CAS Registry Number 13499-05-3. Inonyunguduka pa320 °C uye inonyungudutswa pa317 °C pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Musanganiswa uyu une hygroscopic zvakanyanya uye unoshanda nesimba uye zvine hunyoro, zvichiita kuti uchengetwe pasi pemamiriro ekunze asina mvura (semuenzaniso, argon kana nitrogen) mumidziyo yakavharwa zvakasimba. Nekuda kwekuora kwayo kwakasimba, kusangana zvakananga neganda kana maziso kunogona kukonzera kupiswa kwakanyanya kwemakemikari. Sechinhu chine njodzi cheClass 8 (UN2509), kubata kunoda michina yakakodzera yekudzivirira (PPE), kusanganisira magirovhosi, magogorosi, uye dziviriro yekufema uko zvinogoneka kugadzira guruva.
Chii chinoshandiswa neHafnium Tetrachloride?
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄)imusanganiswa wezvinhu zvisingagadzirisike zvinokwanisa kushandiswa, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda yepamusoro-soro:
- Semiconductors uye Electronic Materials: Inoshanda senzira huru yekugadzira zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu (zvakadai sehafnium dioxide), zvinoshandiswa mu transistor gate insulating layers kuti zviwedzere kushanda kwema chip. Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mu chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes yekuisa metallic hafnium kana hafnium compound thin films, inoshandiswa mu high-performance transistors, memory devices, nezvimwewo.
- Zvigadziko zveCeramics neAerospace zvine Temperature Yakanyanya: Zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zveCeramics zvine temperature yakakwira zvakanyanya, zvinoratidza kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kudzivirira kupera, uye kudzivirira ngura. Zvigadziko izvi zvakakodzera munzvimbo dzakanyanya dzakadai sezvikamu zvinopisa zveinjini dzendege uye maroketi. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinogona kushandiswa muzvinhu zvekurongedza zveLED zvine simba guru kuti zvivandudze kupisa kwemudziyo uye hupenyu hwese.
- Catalysis uye Organic Synthesis: Senzira inoshanda yeLewis acid catalyst, inokurudzira mashandiro akadai se olefin polymerization (semuenzaniso, senzira yekutanga yeZiegler-Natta catalysts), esterification yealcohols nemaacids, acylation, uye 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, zvichiwedzera reaction rates uye selectivity. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari akanaka ezvinonhuwira nemishonga.
- Indasitiri yeNyukireya: Ichishandisa kugadzikana kwayo kwakanaka kwekupisa nemakemikari, inoshandiswa muhurongwa hwekutonhodza hwezvinhu zvinoshandisa nyukireya uye sezvinhu zvekufukidza mafuta enyukireya, zvichivandudza kuramba ngura uye kugadzikana kwekupisa.
- Chikamu Chesimba: Chinoshandiswa sechigadzirwa chekugadzira zvinhu zvakasimba zve electrolyte zvakaita se lithium hafnium phosphate pakugadzira mabhatiri e lithium ane ionic conductivity yakawanda. Inoshandawo senzira yekutanga yezvinhu zvine cathode yakawanda mumabhatiri e lithium ne sodium-ion.
- Kupatsanurwa kweZirconium-Hafnium: Kushandisa musiyano uripo pakati pezirconium tetrachloride nehafnium tetrachloride, zvinogona kupatsanurwa zvinobudirira kuburikidza ne fractional distillation kana gas chromatography. Iyi inzira yakakosha yeindasitiri yekuwana pure hafnium.
Muchidimbu, hafnium tetrachloride ine basa guru mu semiconductors, zvinhu zvepamusoro, catalysis, simba renyukireya, uye zvikamu zvitsva zvesimba, zvichizvisimbisa sezvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri emazuva ano epamusoro-soro.