Ndeipi musimboti wekuti simbi inopinza mwaranzi ye infrared inotorwa nesimbi uye chii chinoita kuti ishande?
Makemikoro esimbi, kusanganisira makemikoro epasi, anoita basa rakakosha mukunyudzwa kwe infrared. Semutungamiri mumakemikari esimbi asingawanzoitiki uye makemikoro epasi asingawanzoitiki,UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. inoshandira vanhu vanosvika chikamu chimwe muzvisere pasi rose kuti vabate infrared absorption. Kuti vagadzirise mibvunzo yehunyanzvi yevatengi vedu panyaya iyi, nzvimbo yekutsvagisa nekugadzira yekambani yedu yakaunganidza chinyorwa ichi kuti ipe mhinduro.
1. Musimboti uye hunhu hwekunyudzwa kweinfrared nesimbi
Nheyo yekunyudzwa kwesimbi ne infrared inonyanya kubva pakuzunguzika kwechimiro chayo chemamorekuru uye zvisungo zvemakemikari. Infrared spectroscopy inodzidza chimiro chemamorekuru nekuyera shanduko ye intramolecular vibration uye rotational energy levels. Kuzunguzika kwezvisungo zvemakemikari muzvisungo zvesimbi kunotungamira mukunyudzwa kwe infrared, kunyanya zvisungo zvesimbi-organic muzvisungo zvesimbi-organic, kuzunguzika kwezvisungo zvakawanda zvisingasanganisike, uye kuzunguzika kwe crystal frame, izvo zvichaonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dze infrared spectrum.
Kushanda kwemakemikari akasiyana esimbi mu infrared spectra:
(1).Zvinhu zveMXene: MXene isimbi inoshanduka-shanduka ine mativi maviri ine zvikamu zvakapfuma, simbi inofambisa magetsi, nzvimbo yakakura chaiyo, uye nzvimbo inoshanda. Ine mwero wakasiyana wekunyudzwa kweinfrared mumabhendi einfrared ari pedyo neinfrared nepakati/kure uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mu infrared camouflage, photothermal conversion, nedzimwe nzvimbo mumakore achangopfuura.
(2).Makemikoro emhangura: Makemikoro emhangura ane phosphorus anoshanda zvakanaka pakati pema infrared absorbers, achidzivirira zvinobudirira chiitiko chekusviba chinokonzerwa nemwaranzi ye ultraviolet uye achichengetedza kutumirwa kwechiedza chinooneka zvakanaka uye hunhu hwekunyudzwa kwe infrared hwakagadzikana kwenguva yakareba.
Nyaya dzekushandisa dzinoshanda
(1). Infrared camouflage: Zvinhu zveMXene zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu infrared camouflage nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwakanaka hwekupinza infrared. Zvinogona kuderedza hunhu hwe infrared hwechinhu chinotarirwa uye kuvandudza kuvanda2.
(2). Kushandurwa kwePhotothermal: Zvinhu zveMXene zvine hunhu hushoma hwekubuda kwemhepo mumabhendi einfrared ari pakati nepakati, ayo akakodzera kushandiswa kwePhotothermal conversion uye anogona kushandura simba rechiedza kuita simba rekupisa2 zvinobudirira.
(3).Zvinhu zvemahwindo: Zvinhu zvinosanganisa resin zvine infrared absorbers zvinoshandiswa muzvinhu zvemahwindo kudzivirira mwaranzi ye infrared uye kuvandudza mashandiro esimba 3.
Mashandisirwo aya anoratidza kusiyana-siyana uye kushanda kwemakemikari esimbi mukunyudzwa kweinfrared, kunyanya basa rawo rinokosha musainzi yemazuva ano nemaindasitiri.
2. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvesimbi zvinogona kupinza mwaranzi ye infrared?
Makemikoro esimbi anogona kunwisa mwaranzi ye infrared anosanganisiraantimony tin oxide (ATO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aruminiyamu zinc oxide (AZO), tungsten trioxide (WO3), iron tetroxide (Fe3O4) uye strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Hunhu hweinfrared hwekunyudzwa kwemakomputa esimbi
Antimony tin oxide (ATO): Inogona kudzivirira chiedza cheinfrared chine urefu hwemarefu hunopfuura 1500 nm, asi haikwanise kudzivirira chiedza cheultraviolet nechiedza cheinfrared chine urefu hwemarefu husingasviki 1500 nm.
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): Kufanana neATO, ine simba rekudzivirira chiedza chiri pedyo neinfrared.
Zinc aluminum oxide (AZO): Inoshandawo kudzivirira chiedza chiri pedyo neinfrared.
Tungsten trioxide (WO3): Ine plasmon resonance effect iri panzvimbo imwe chete uye ine small polaron absorption mechanism, inogona kudzivirira infrared radiation ine wavelength ye780-2500 nm, uye haina chepfu uye haina mutengo wakaderera.
Fe3O4: Ine infrared absorption yakanaka uye inopindura kupisa uye inowanzoshandiswa muma infrared sensors nema detectors.
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3): ine infrared absorption yakanaka uye optical properties, yakakodzera ma infrared sensors nema detectors.
Erbium fluoride (ErF3) : chinhu chisingawanikwe pasi chinogona kunwisa mwaranzi ye infrared. Erbium fluoride ine makristaro ane ruvara rwe rose, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ye1350°C, nzvimbo yekufashaira ye2200°C, uye density ye7.814g/cm³. Inonyanya kushandiswa mu optical coatings, fiber doping, laser crystals, single-crystal raw materials, laser amplifiers, catalyst additives, nedzimwe nzvimbo.
2.2 Kushandiswa kwemakemikari esimbi muzvinhu zvinonwisa infrared
Makemikoro aya esimbi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa ma infrared. Semuenzaniso, ATO, ITO, neAZO anowanzo shandiswa muzvipfeko zvinopinza zvinofambisa mvura, zvinodzivirira kupisa, zvinodzivirira mwaranzi uye ma electrodes anonyungudutsa; WO3 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzivirira kupisa, zvinonyungudutsa, uye zvinoratidzira infrared nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka kwekudzivirira kwe infrared uye hunhu husina chepfu. Makemikoro aya esimbi anoita basa rakakosha mumunda we tekinoroji ye infrared nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana hwekunyungudutsa ma infrared.
2.3 Ndezvipi zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvinogona kupinza mwaranzi ye infrared?
Pakati pezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi, lanthanum hexaboride ne nano-size lanthanum boride zvinogona kunwisa mwaranzi ye infrared.Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu radar, aerospace, electronics industry, instrumentation, medical tools, home devices metallurgy, home devices metallurgy, environment protection, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kunyanya, lanthanum hexaboride single crystal imhando yekugadzira machubhu emagetsi ane simba guru, mamagnetron, maelectron beams, ion beams, uye accelerator cathodes.
Pamusoro pezvo, nano-scale lanthanum boride ine hunhu hwekunwisa mwaranzi ye infrared. Inoshandiswa mukupenda pamusoro pemapepa e polyethylene film kudzivirira mwaranzi ye infrared kubva kuzuva. Painonwisa mwaranzi ye infrared, nano-scale lanthanum boride hainwi chiedza chakawanda chinoonekwa. Chinhu ichi chinogona kudzivirira mwaranzi ye infrared kupinda mugirazi remahwindo munzvimbo dzinopisa, uye chinogona kushandisa chiedza nesimba rekupisa zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzinotonhora.
Zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepanyika zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda, kusanganisira zvehondo, simba renyukireya, tekinoroji yepamusoro, uye zvigadzirwa zvezuva nezuva zvinoshandiswa nevanhu. Semuenzaniso, lanthanum inoshandiswa kuvandudza mashandiro ezvishandiso zve alloys muzvombo nemidziyo, gadolinium nema isotopes ayo zvinoshandiswa se neutron absorbers mumunda wesimba renyukireya, uye cerium inoshandiswa segirazi rekuwedzera kunwisa ultraviolet ne infrared rays.
Cerium, sechinowedzerwa mugirazi, inogona kunwisa mwaranzi ye ultraviolet ne infrared uye ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagirazi emotokari. Haingodziviriri chete kubva kumwaranzi ye ultraviolet asiwo inoderedza tembiricha mukati memotokari, nokudaro ichichengetedza magetsi emhepo inotonhorera. Kubva muna 1997, magirazi emotokari ekuJapan akawedzerwa ne cerium oxide, uye yakashandiswa mumotokari muna 1996.
3. Hunhu uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kunyudzwa kwe infrared nesimbi
3.1 Hunhu uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kunyudzwa kwe infrared nesimbi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:
Mwero wekunyudzwa kwesimbi: Mwero wekunyudzwa kwesimbi kubva kumwaranzi yeinfrared unosiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwesimbi, mamiriro epamusoro, tembiricha, uye urefu hwemwaranzi yeinfrared. Simbi dzakajairika dzakadai sealuminium, copper, uye iron dzinowanzo kuve nemwero wekunyudzwa kwemwaranzi yeinfrared pakati pe10% ne50% patembiricha yemumba. Semuenzaniso, mwero wekunyudzwa kwemwaranzi yeinfrared kubva kuaruminiyamu yakachena patembiricha yemumba ungangoita 12%, nepo mwero wekunyudzwa kwemwaranzi yemhangura yakaoma ungasvika 40%.
3.2 Hunhu uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kunyudzwa kwe infrared nesimbi:
Mhando dzesimbi: Simbi dzakasiyana dzine maumbirwo akasiyana eatomu uye marongerwo akasiyana emaerekitironi, zvichikonzera kugona kwadzo kupinza mwaranzi ye infrared.
Mamiriro epamusoro: Kuomarara, oxide layer, kana kuputira pamusoro pesimbi zvinokanganisa mwero wekunyudzwa kwesimbi.
Kupisa: Kuchinja kwekupisa kuchachinja mamiriro emagetsi mukati mesimbi, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kupinza kwayo mwaranzi ye infrared.
Marefu einfrared: Marefu akasiyana emwaranzi yeinfrared ane kugona kwakasiyana kwekupinza simbi.
Kuchinja mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo: Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, mwero wekunyudzwa kwemwaranzi ye infrared nesimbi unogona kuchinja zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kana pamusoro pesimbi pakaputirwa nechinhu chakakosha, kugona kwayo kunyudzwa kwemwaranzi ye infrared kunogona kuwedzerwa. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko mumamiriro emagetsi esimbi munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya dzinogonawo kukonzera kuwedzera kwemwero wekunyudzwa.
Minda yekushandisa: Hunhu hwekunyudzwa kwesimbi ne infrared hune kukosha kwakakosha mu tekinoroji ye infrared, thermal imaging, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, nekudzora coating kana tembiricha yesimbi, kunyudzwa kwayo ne infrared rays kunogona kugadziriswa, zvichibvumira kushandiswa mukuyera tembiricha, thermal imaging, nezvimwewo.
Nzira dzeKuedza uye Nhoroondo yeKutsvagisa: Vatsvagurudzi vakaona mwero wekunyudzwa kwemwaranzi ye infrared nesimbi kuburikidza nekuyera kwekuyedza uye zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakunzwisisa hunhu hwe optical hwemakemikari esimbi uye kugadzira mashandisirwo akafanana.
Muchidimbu, hunhu hweinfrared hwekunyudzwa kwesimbi hunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye hunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya mumamiriro akasiyana. Hunhu uhwu hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda.