Iyini isimiso samakhemikhali ensimbi amunca imisebe ye-infrared futhi yiziphi izici zayo ezithonyayo?
Amakhemikhali ensimbi, okuhlanganisa namakhemikhali e-rare earth, adlala indima ebalulekile ekumuncweni kwe-infrared. Njengomholi kumakhemikhali e-rare metal kanye ne-rare earth,I-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. ikhonza cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisishiyagalombili zamakhasimende omhlaba ukuze athole ukumuncwa kwe-infrared. Ukuze kuxazululwe imibuzo yobuchwepheshe yamakhasimende ethu ngale ndaba, isikhungo socwaningo nentuthuko senkampani yethu sihlanganise lesi sihloko ukuze sinikeze izimpendulo.
1. Isimiso kanye nezici zokumuncwa kwe-infrared ngamakhemikhali ensimbi
Isimiso sokumuncwa kwe-infrared yizinhlanganisela zensimbi sisekelwe kakhulu ekudlidlizeni kwesakhiwo sazo sama-molecule kanye nezibopho zamakhemikhali. I-infrared spectroscopy ifunda isakhiwo sama-molecule ngokulinganisa ukuguquka kokudlidliza kwangaphakathi kwama-molecule kanye namazinga wamandla ajikelezayo. Ukudlidliza kwezibopho zamakhemikhali ezinhlanganisela zensimbi kuzoholela ekumuncweni kwe-infrared, ikakhulukazi izibopho zensimbi-organic ezinhlanganisela zensimbi-organic, ukudlidliza kwezibopho eziningi ezingaphili, kanye nokudlidliza kohlaka lwekristalu, okuzovela ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-infrared spectrum.
Ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali ensimbi ahlukene kuma-spectra e-infrared:
(1). Izinto ze-MXene: I-MXene iyinhlanganisela ye-transition metal-carbon/nitrogen enezinhlangothi ezimbili enezingxenye ezicebile, i-metallic conductivity, indawo enkulu ethile ebusweni, kanye nobuso obusebenzayo. Inezinga elihlukile lokumuncwa kwe-infrared kuma-band aseduze kwe-infrared kanye ne-mid-/far-infrared futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekufihleni kwe-infrared, ukuguqulwa kwe-photothermal, kanye neminye imikhakha eminyakeni yamuva.
(2). Ama-compound ethusi: Ama-compound ethusi aqukethe i-phosphorus asebenza kahle phakathi kwama-absorber e-infrared, avimbela ngempumelelo isimo sokuba mnyama okubangelwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi agcine ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zokumunca i-infrared zizinzile isikhathi eside 3.
Amacala okusetshenziswa okusebenzayo
(1). I-Infrared camouflage: Izinto ze-MXene zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekufihleni kwe-infrared ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca i-infrared. Zinganciphisa ngempumelelo izici ze-infrared zomuntu ohlosiwe futhi zithuthukise ukufihla2.
(2). Ukuguqulwa kwe-Photothermal: Izinto ze-MXene zinezici zokukhishwa okuphansi kuma-band e-infrared aphakathi nendawo, afaneleka ukusetshenziswa kokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal futhi angaguqula ngempumelelo amandla okukhanya abe amandla okushisa2.
(3). Izinto zefasitela: Izinto ze-resin eziqukethe izifutho ze-infrared zisetshenziswa ezintweni zefasitela ukuvimba imisebe ye-infrared ngempumelelo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla 3.
Lezi zimo zokusetshenziswa zibonisa ukuhlukahluka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamakhemikhali ensimbi ekumuncweni kwe-infrared, ikakhulukazi indima yawo ebalulekile kwisayensi yanamuhla kanye nemboni.
2. Yimaphi ama-compound ensimbi angamunca imisebe ye-infrared?
Amakhemikhali ensimbi angamunca imisebe ye-infrared afaka phakathii-antimony tin oxide (ATO), i-indium tin oxide (ITO), i-aluminium zinc oxide (AZO), i-tungsten trioxide (WO3), i-iron tetroxide (Fe3O4) kanye ne-strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Izici zokumuncwa kwe-infrared zamakhemikhali ensimbi
I-Antimony tin oxide (ATO): Ingavikela ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared okunobude be-wavelength obungaphezu kuka-1500 nm, kodwa ayikwazi ukuvikela ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kanye nokukhanya kwe-infrared okunobude be-wavelength obungaphansi kuka-1500 nm.
I-Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): Njenge-ATO, inomphumela wokuvikela ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared.
I-Zinc aluminium oxide (AZO): Iphinde ibe nomsebenzi wokuvikela ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared.
I-Tungsten trioxide (WO3): Inomphumela we-plasmon resonance osendaweni kanye nendlela encane yokumunca i-polaron, ingavikela imisebe ye-infrared enobude be-wavelength obungu-780-2500 nm, futhi ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayibizi kakhulu.
I-Fe3O4: Inezakhiwo ezinhle zokumunca i-infrared kanye nempendulo yokushisa futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-sensor nama-detector e-infrared.
I-Strontium titanate (SrTiO3): inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokumunca i-infrared kanye ne-optical, ezifanele izinzwa ze-infrared kanye ne-detectors.
I-Erbium fluoride (ErF3) : iyinhlanganisela yomhlaba engavamile engakwazi ukumunca imisebe ye-infrared. I-Erbium fluoride inamakristalu anombala we-rose, iphuzu lokuncibilika elingu-1350°C, iphuzu lokubila elingu-2200°C, kanye nobuningi obungu-7.814g/cm³. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekumbozweni kwe-optical, i-fibre doping, amakristalu e-laser, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-single-crystal, ama-laser amplifier, izithasiselo ze-catalyst, kanye neminye imikhakha.
2.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ensimbi ezintweni ezimunca i-infrared
Lezi zinhlanganisela zensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zokumunca i-infrared. Isibonelo, i-ATO, i-ITO, ne-AZO zivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokuvikela imisebe ezikhanyayo, ezivimbela ukuminyana, kanye nama-electrode akhanyayo; i-WO3 isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela ukushisa, ukumunca, kanye ne-reflection infrared ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokuvikela i-infrared kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona ezinobuthi. Lezi zinhlanganisela zensimbi zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe be-infrared ngenxa yezici zazo ezihlukile zokumunca i-infrared.
2.3 Yimaphi ama-compounds e-rare earth angamunca imisebe ye-infrared?
Phakathi kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, i-lanthanum hexaboride kanye ne-lanthanum boride enobukhulu obuncane ingamunca imisebe ye-infrared.I-Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)iyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi kwi-radar, izindiza, imboni ye-elekthronikhi, izinsimbi, imishini yezokwelapha, i-metallurgy yemishini yasekhaya, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye neminye imikhakha. Ikakhulukazi, i-lanthanum hexaboride single crystal iyinto yokwenza amashubhu e-electron anamandla aphezulu, ama-magnetron, imishayo ye-electron, imishayo ye-ion, kanye nama-cathode e-accelerator.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nano-scale lanthanum boride nayo inempahla yokumunca imisebe ye-infrared. Isetshenziswa ekumbozweni okungaphezulu kwamaphepha efilimu ye-polyethylene ukuvimba imisebe ye-infrared elangeni. Ngenkathi imunca imisebe ye-infrared, i-nano-scale lanthanum boride ayimunci ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuningi. Lokhu kungavimbela imisebe ye-infrared ukuthi ingangeni engilazini yefasitela ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi kungasebenzisa kahle ukukhanya namandla okushisa ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa ezempi, amandla enuzi, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kanye nemikhiqizo yansuku zonke yabathengi. Isibonelo, i-lanthanum isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-alloys ezikhalini nasemishinini, i-gadolinium kanye nama-isotope ayo kusetshenziswa njengezifutho ze-neutron ensimini yamandla enuzi, kanti i-cerium isetshenziswa njengesithasiselo sengilazi sokumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye ne-infrared.
I-Cerium, njengesithako sengilazi, ingamunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye ne-infrared futhi manje isetshenziswa kabanzi engilazini yezimoto. Ayivikeli nje kuphela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kodwa futhi inciphisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi emotweni, ngaleyo ndlela yonge ugesi we-air conditioner. Kusukela ngo-1997, ingilazi yezimoto yaseJapan iye yanezelwa ne-cerium oxide, futhi yasetshenziswa ezimotweni ngo-1996.
3. Izakhiwo kanye nezici ezithonya ukumuncwa kwe-infrared ngamakhemikhali ensimbi
3.1 Izakhiwo kanye nezici ezithonya ukumuncwa kwe-infrared yizakhi zensimbi zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:
Izinga lokumunca: Izinga lokumunca kwamakhemikhali ensimbi emisebeni ye-infrared liyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nohlobo lwensimbi, isimo sobuso, izinga lokushisa, kanye nobude besikhathi bemisebe ye-infrared. Izinsimbi ezivamile ezifana ne-aluminium, ithusi, kanye nensimbi ngokuvamile zinezinga lokumunca lamandla e-infrared eliphakathi kuka-10% no-50% ekushiseni kwegumbi. Isibonelo, izinga lokumunca lamandla e-aluminium emsulwa emisebeni ye-infrared ekushiseni kwegumbi licishe libe ngu-12%, kanti izinga lokumunca lamandla ethusi eliqinile lingafinyelela cishe ku-40%.
3.2 Izakhiwo kanye nezici ezithonya ukumuncwa kwe-infrared yizakhi zensimbi:
Izinhlobo zezinsimbi: Izinsimbi ezahlukene zinezakhiwo ze-athomu ezahlukene kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-electron, okuholela emandleni azo okumunca ahlukene emisebeni ye-infrared.
Isimo sobuso: Ubulukhuni, ungqimba lwe-oxide, noma ukumbozwa kobuso bensimbi kuzothinta izinga lokumuncwa.
Izinga lokushisa: Izinguquko zokushisa zizoshintsha isimo se-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela zithinte ukumuncwa kwayo kwemisebe ye-infrared.
Ubude be-infrared: Ubude be-infrared obuhlukene bunamandla ahlukene okumunca izinsimbi.
Izinguquko ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezithile, izinga lokumuncwa kwemisebe ye-infrared yizinsimbi lingashintsha kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho ubuso bensimbi bumbozwe ungqimba lwezinto ezikhethekile, ikhono layo lokumuncwa kwemisebe ye-infrared lingathuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko esimweni se-elekthronikhi sezinsimbi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu zingaholela ekwandeni kwesilinganiso sokumuncwa.
Izinkambu Zokusebenza: Izakhiwo zokumunca i-infrared zamakhemikhali ensimbi zinenani elibalulekile lokusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe be-infrared, izithombe zokushisa, kanye nezinye izinkambu. Isibonelo, ngokulawula ukugqoka noma izinga lokushisa lendawo yensimbi, ukumunca kwayo imisebe ye-infrared kungalungiswa, okuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ekulinganisweni kwezinga lokushisa, izithombe zokushisa, njll.
Izindlela Zokuhlola kanye Nesizinda Socwaningo: Abacwaningi bathole izinga lokumuncwa kwemisebe ye-infrared yizinsimbi ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso zokuhlola kanye nezifundo zobungcweti. Le datha ibalulekile ekuqondeni izakhiwo zokukhanya zamakhemikhali ensimbi kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene.
Ngamafuphi, izakhiwo zokumunca kwe-infrared zamakhemikhali ensimbi zithintwa yizici eziningi futhi zingashintsha kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene. Lezi zakhiwo zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi.