He aha ke kumumanaʻo o nā hui metala e omo ana i nā kukuna infrared a he aha nā mea e hoʻohuli ai?
ʻO nā hui metala, me nā hui honua laha ʻole, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lākou i ka omo ʻana o ka infrared. Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i nā hui metala laha ʻole a me ka honua laha ʻole,ʻO UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. lawelawe kokoke i ka 1/8 o nā mea kūʻai aku o ka honua no ka omo ʻana o ka infrared. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā nīnau loea a kā mākou mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i kēia mea, ua hōʻuluʻulu ke kikowaena noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kā mākou hui i kēia ʻatikala e hāʻawi i nā pane
1. Ke kumumanaʻo a me nā ʻano o ka omo ʻana o ka infrared e nā hui metala
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka omo ʻana o ka infrared e nā hui metala e pili ana i ka haʻalulu o ko lākou ʻano molekala a me nā pilina kemika. Ke aʻo nei ka spectroscopy infrared i ke ʻano molekala ma ke ana ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka haʻalulu intramolecular a me nā pae ikehu rotational. ʻO ka haʻalulu o nā pilina kemika i loko o nā hui metala e alakaʻi i ka omo ʻana o ka infrared, ʻoiai nā pilina metala-organic i loko o nā hui metala-organic, ka haʻalulu o nā pilina inorganic he nui, a me ka haʻalulu ʻana o ke kiʻi kristal, e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka spectrum infrared.
Hana o nā hui metala like ʻole i nā spectra infrared:
(1). Mea MXene: ʻO MXene kahi hui metala-kalapona/nitrogen hoʻololi ʻelua-dimensional me nā ʻāpana waiwai, conductivity metala, kahi ʻili ākea kikoʻī, a me kahi ʻili hana. Loaʻa iā ia nā helu absorption infrared ʻokoʻa ma nā kāʻei kokoke-infrared a me waena-/mamao-infrared a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka camouflage infrared, ka hoʻololi photothermal, a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
(2).Nā hui keleawe: Hana maikaʻi nā hui keleawe i loaʻa ka phosphorus i waena o nā mea hoʻomohu infrared, e pale pono ana i ka hanana ʻeleʻele i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kukuna ultraviolet a mālama i ka hoʻoili mālamalama ʻike maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai absorption infrared me ka paʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi3.
Nā hihia noi kūpono
(1).Kameʻe infrared: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea MXene i ka camouflage infrared ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai omo infrared maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi pono i nā ʻano infrared o ka pahuhopu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hūnā2.
(2).Hoʻololi Photothermal: He haʻahaʻa nā ʻano hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa o nā mea MXene ma nā kāʻei infrared waena/mamao, kūpono no nā noi hoʻololi photothermal a hiki ke hoʻololi pono i ka ikehu māmā i ka ikehu wela2.
(3). Nā mea hana puka makani: Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana resin e loaʻa ana nā mea hoʻomoʻa infrared i nā mea hana puka makani e pale pono i nā kukuna infrared a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka ikehu 3.
Hōʻike kēia mau hihia hoʻohana i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka pono o nā hui metala i ka omo ʻana o ka infrared, ʻoiai ko lākou kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻoihana hou.
2. ʻO wai nā hui metala e hiki ke omo i nā kukuna infrared?
ʻO nā hui metala e hiki ke omo i nā kukuna infraredʻokikene tin antimony (ATO), ʻokikene tin indium (ITO), alumini zinc oxide (AZO), tungsten trioxide (WO3), hao tetroxide (Fe3O4) a me strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Nā ʻano omo infrared o nā hui metala
ʻO ka ʻokikene tin antimony (ATO): Hiki iā ia ke pale i ka mālamalama kokoke i ka infrared me ka nalu lōʻihi ma mua o 1500 nm, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i ka mālamalama ultraviolet a me ke kukui infrared me ka nalu lōʻihi ma lalo o 1500 nm.
ʻO Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): E like me ATO, loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ka mālamalama kokoke i ka infrared.
ʻO ka zinc aluminum oxide (AZO): Loaʻa iā ia ka hana o ka pale ʻana i ka mālamalama kokoke i ka infrared.
ʻO Tungsten trioxide (WO3): Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena resonance plasmon ʻili kūloko a me kahi ʻano omo polaron liʻiliʻi, hiki ke pale i ka radiation infrared me ka nalu o 780-2500 nm, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia a ʻaʻohe kumukūʻai.
Fe3O4: Loaʻa iā ia ka omo infrared maikaʻi a me nā waiwai pane thermal a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea ʻike infrared a me nā mea ʻike.
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3): loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai omo infrared maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai optical, kūpono no nā mea ʻike infrared a me nā mea ʻike.
ʻO Erbium fluoride (ErF3): he hui honua kakaikahi e hiki ke omo i nā kukuna infrared. Loaʻa iā Erbium fluoride nā kristal kala rose, kahi kiko heheʻe o 1350°C, kahi kiko paila o 2200°C, a me ka nui o 7.814g/cm³. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā uhi optical, ka doping fiber, nā kristal laser, nā mea maka kristal hoʻokahi, nā mea hoʻonui laser, nā mea hoʻohui catalyst, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
2.2 Hoʻohana ʻia o nā hui metala i nā mea hoʻomoʻa infrared
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau hui metala i nā mea omo infrared. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ATO, ITO, a me AZO i nā uhi conductive transparent, antistatic, radiation protection a me nā electrodes transparent; Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo WO3 i nā mea insulation wela like ʻole, absorption, a me nā mea infrared reflection ma muli o kāna hana pale kokoke-infrared maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai ʻawaʻawa ʻole. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau hui metala ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana infrared ma muli o ko lākou mau ʻano absorption infrared kū hoʻokahi.
2.3 ʻO wai nā hui honua laha ʻole e hiki ke omo i nā kukuna infrared?
Ma waena o nā mea honua laha ʻole, hiki i ka lanthanum hexaboride a me ka lanthanum boride nano-sized ke omo i nā kukuna infrared.ʻO ka Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)he mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka radar, aerospace, ʻoihana uila, mea kani, lako lapaʻau, metallurgy mīkini home, palekana kaiapuni, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ʻo ka lanthanum hexaboride single crystal kahi mea no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu electron mana kiʻekiʻe, magnetrons, electron beams, ion beams, a me nā cathodes accelerator.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka nano-scale lanthanum boride ka waiwai o ka omo ʻana i nā kukuna infrared. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o ka uhi ʻana ma luna o nā pepa kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyethylene e pale aku i nā kukuna infrared mai ka lā. ʻOiai e omo ana i nā kukuna infrared, ʻaʻole omo nui ka nano-scale lanthanum boride i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia. Hiki i kēia mea ke pale i nā kukuna infrared mai ke komo ʻana i ke aniani puka makani i nā ʻāina wela, a hiki ke hoʻohana pono i ka ikehu mālamalama a me ka wela i nā ʻāina anuanu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea honua laha ʻole ma nā ʻano he nui, me ka pūʻali koa, ka ikehu nukelea, ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā huahana mea kūʻai o kēlā me kēia lā. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka lanthanum e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana tactical o nā alloys i nā mea kaua a me nā lako, hoʻohana ʻia ka gadolinium a me kāna mau isotopes ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomoʻa neutron i ke kahua ikehu nukelea, a hoʻohana ʻia ka cerium ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui aniani e omo i nā kukuna ultraviolet a me infrared.
ʻO Cerium, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui aniani, hiki ke omo i nā kukuna ultraviolet a me nā kukuna infrared a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa i ke aniani kaʻa. ʻAʻole ia e pale wale i nā kukuna ultraviolet akā hoʻemi pū i ka mahana i loko o ke kaʻa, no laila e mālama ai i ka uila no ka ea hoʻoluʻu. Mai ka makahiki 1997, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke aniani kaʻa Kepani me ka cerium oxide, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa i ka makahiki 1996.
3.Nā waiwai a me nā mea hoʻohuli i ka omo ʻana o ka infrared e nā hui metala
3.1ʻO nā waiwai a me nā kumu hoʻohuli o ka omo ʻana o ka infrared e nā hui metala e komo pū me kēia mau ʻano:
Ka pae o ka omo ʻana: ʻOkoʻa ka pae o ka omo ʻana o nā hui metala i nā kukuna infrared ma muli o nā mea e like me ke ʻano metala, ke kūlana o ka ʻili, ka mahana, a me ka nalu o nā kukuna infrared. ʻO nā metala maʻamau e like me ka alumini, ke keleawe, a me ka hao he maʻamau ka pae o ka omo ʻana o nā kukuna infrared ma waena o 10% a me 50% ma ka mahana o ka lumi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka pae o ka omo ʻana o ka ʻili alumini maʻemaʻe i nā kukuna infrared ma ka mahana o ka lumi ma kahi o 12%, ʻoiai ʻo ka pae o ka omo ʻana o ka ʻili keleawe ʻinoʻino e hiki aku i kahi o 40%.
3.2 Nā waiwai a me nā kumu hoʻohuli o ka omo ʻana o ka infrared e nā hui metala:
ʻAno o nā metala: He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano atomika a me nā hoʻonohonoho electron o nā metala like ʻole, e hopena ana i ko lākou hiki ke omo ʻokoʻa no nā kukuna infrared.
Ke ʻano o ka ʻili: ʻO ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ka papa oxide, a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili metala e hoʻopilikia i ka helu omo.
Mahana: E hoʻololi nā loli o ka mahana i ke kūlana uila i loko o ka metala, a laila e hoʻopilikia ai i kona omo ʻana o nā kukuna infrared.
Ka nalu infrared: He ʻokoʻa nā hiki ke omo i nā metala no nā nalu like ʻole o nā kukuna infrared.
Nā loli ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī: Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana kikoʻī, hiki ke loli nui ka nui o ka omo ʻana o nā kukuna infrared e nā metala. No ka laʻana, ke uhi ʻia kahi ʻili metala me kahi papa o nā mea kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kona hiki ke omo i nā kukuna infrared. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā loli i ke kūlana uila o nā metala i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi paha i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka omo ʻana.
Nā kahua noi: He waiwai nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā waiwai omo infrared o nā hui metala i ka ʻenehana infrared, ke kiʻi wela, a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ma ka kaohi ʻana i ka uhi a i ʻole ka mahana o kahi ʻili metala, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kona omo ʻana o nā kukuna infrared, e ʻae ana i nā noi i ke ana ʻana o ka mahana, ke kiʻi wela, a pēlā aku.
Nā ʻAno Hoʻokolohua a me ka Hopena Noiʻi: Ua hoʻoholo nā kānaka noiʻi i ka helu omo o nā kukuna infrared e nā metala ma o nā ana hoʻokolohua a me nā haʻawina ʻoihana. He mea nui kēia ʻikepili no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā waiwai optical o nā hui metala a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā noi pili.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā waiwai omo infrared o nā hui metala e nā kumu he nui a hiki ke loli nui ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau waiwai ma nā ʻano he nui.