He aha te kaupapa matua o te mimiti a ngā matū whakarewa i ngā hihi whero-whero, ā, he aha ngā mea e awe ana i tēnei?
He mea nui te mahi a ngā matū whakarewa, tae atu ki ngā matū whenua onge, ki te mimiti i te pūwero whero. Hei kaiārahi i roto i ngā matū whakarewa onge me te whenua onge,UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. e tata ana ki te 1/8 o ngā kiritaki o te ao e mahi ana mō te mimiti whero-whero. Hei whakautu i ngā pātai hangarau a ō mātou kiritaki mō tēnei take, kua kohikohia e te pokapū rangahau me te whanaketanga a tō mātou kamupene tēnei tuhinga hei whakarato i ngā whakautu.
1. Te kaupapa me ngā āhuatanga o te mimiti whero-whero e ngā matū whakarewa
Ko te kaupapa matua o te mimiti o te hihi whero e ngā pūhui whakarewa e ahu mai ana i te wiri o ō rātou hanganga ngota me ngā hononga matū. Ka ako te tirotiro hihi whero i te hanganga ngota mā te ine i te whakawhiti o te wiri ā-roto me ngā taumata pūngao hurihuri. Mā te wiri o ngā hononga matū i roto i ngā pūhui whakarewa ka arahi ki te mimiti hihi whero, inā koa ngā hononga whakarewa-oraora i roto i ngā pūhui whakarewa-oraora, te wiri o ngā hononga kore-oraora maha, me te wiri anga karaihe, ka puta i ngā rohe rerekē o te whānuitanga hihi whero.
Te mahinga o ngā momo matū whakarewa rerekē i roto i ngā hihi infrared:
(1). Rauemi MXene: He matū whakawhiti-waro/hauota rua-ahu te MXene, he nui ngā wāhanga, he kawe hiko whakarewa, he whānui te horahanga mata motuhake, me te mata hohe. He rerekē ngā tere mimiti pūwero i roto i ngā roopu pūwero tata-pūwero me waenga-pūwero/pūwero tawhiti, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te huna pūwero, te hurihanga whakaahua wera, me ētahi atu mara i ngā tau tata nei.
(2).Ngā matū parahi: He pai te mahi a ngā matū parahi kei roto te whākawa i roto i ngā mea mimiti whero-whero, ā, he pai te ārai i te āhua mangu e puta mai ana i ngā hihi ultraviolet, ā, he pai tonu te pupuri i te tuku mārama kitea me ngā āhuatanga mimiti whero-whero mō te wā roa3.
Ngā take tono mahi
(1).Te huna ira-whero: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi MXene i roto i te huna ira-whero nā te mea he pai rawa atu ō rātou āhuatanga mimiti ira-whero. Ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga ira-whero o te ūnga me te whakapai ake i te huna2.
(2).Te tahuritanga o te hihi wera: He iti ngā āhuatanga tukunga o ngā rauemi MXene i roto i ngā roopu infrared waenga/tawhiti, e tika ana mō ngā tono tahuritanga hihi wera, ā, ka taea te huri i te kaha mārama ki te kaha wera2.
(3). Ngā rauemi matapihi: Ka whakamahia ngā hanganga kapia kei roto ngā mimiti whero-whero i roto i ngā rauemi matapihi hei ārai i ngā hihi whero-whero me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao.
E whakaatu ana ēnei tauira tono i te kanorau me te whaihua o ngā matū whakarewa i roto i te mimiti pūwero whero, inā koa tō rātou tūranga nui i roto i te pūtaiao me te ahumahi hou.
2. Ko ēhea ngā matū whakarewa ka taea te mimiti i ngā hihi whero-whero?
Ko ngā matū whakarewa ka taea te mimiti i ngā hihi pūwero whero ko:waikura tine antimony (ATO), waikura tine iniuma (ITO), te konutea konutea waikura (AZO), te tungsten trioxide (WO3), te rino tetroxide (Fe3O4) me te strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Ngā āhuatanga mimiti o te infrared o ngā matū whakarewa
Te waikura tine antimony (ATO): Ka taea e ia te tiaki i te mārama tata-infrared me te roanga ngaru neke atu i te 1500 nm, engari kāore e taea te tiaki i te mārama ultraviolet me te mārama infrared me te roanga ngaru iti iho i te 1500 nm.
Inium Tin Oxide (ITO): He rite ki te ATO, he pānga tōna ki te ārai i te mārama tata-whero.
Te waikura konumohe konutea (AZO): He mahi anō tāna ki te tiaki i te mārama tata-whero.
Te toruora o te tungsten (WO3): He pānga oro plasmon mata ā-rohe tōna, he iti te tikanga mimiti polaron, ka taea te tiaki i te hihi infrared me te roanga ngaru o te 780-2500 nm, ā, kāore he paitini, he iti hoki te utu.
Fe3O4: He pai ōna āhuatanga mimiti pūwero me te urupare wera, ā, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu kite pūwero.
Ko te strontium titanate (SrTiO3): he tino pai ngā āhuatanga mimiti me ngā āhuatanga whatu o te hihi whero, he mea pai mō ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu kite hihi whero.
Ko te erbium fluoride (ErF3): he matū whenua onge ka taea te mimiti i ngā hihi infrared. He tioata whero te tae o te erbium fluoride, ko te ira rewa he 1350°C, ko te ira koropupū he 2200°C, ā, ko te mātotoru he 7.814g/cm³. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paninga whatu, te tāpiri muka, ngā tioata laser, ngā rauemi mata tioata kotahi, ngā whakakaha laser, ngā tāpiringa whakakorikori, me ētahi atu mara.
2.2 Te whakamahinga o ngā matū whakarewa i roto i ngā rauemi mimiti whero-whero
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei matū whakarewa i roto i ngā rauemi mimiti whero-whero. Hei tauira, he maha ngā whakamahinga o ATO, ITO, me AZO i roto i ngā paninga arataki mārama, ārai-patū, ārai-ira me ngā irahiko mārama; he whānuitia te whakamahinga o WO3 i roto i ngā rauemi whakamarumaru wera, mimiti, me te whakaata whero-whero nā te mea he pai rawa te mahi ārai tata-whero me ōna āhuatanga kore-paitini. He mea nui te mahi a ēnei matū whakarewa i roto i te ao hangarau whero-whero nā ō rātou āhuatanga mimiti whero-whero ahurei.
2.3 Ko ēhea ngā matū whenua onge ka taea te mimiti i ngā hihi whero-whero?
I roto i ngā huānga whenua onge, ka taea e te lanthanum hexaboride me te lanthanum boride nano-rahi te mimiti i ngā hihi whero me te whero.Te ranāma hexaboride (LaB6)He rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te radar, te rererangi, te ahumahi hikohiko, ngā taputapu, ngā taputapu hauora, te whakarewa taputapu kāinga, te tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu mara. Ina koa, ko te tioata kotahi lanthanum hexaboride he rauemi mō te hanga ngongo irahiko kaha-teitei, ngā aukume, ngā hihi irahiko, ngā hihi katote, me ngā katote whakatere.
Hei tāpiritanga, he āhuatanga anō tō te nano-tauine lanthanum boride ki te mimiti i ngā hihi infrared. Ka whakamahia hei paninga i te mata o ngā pepa kiriata polyethylene hei ārai i ngā hihi infrared mai i te rā. I a ia e mimiti ana i ngā hihi infrared, kāore te nano-tauine lanthanum boride e mimiti i te nui o te mārama e kitea ana. Ka taea e tēnei rauemi te ārai i ngā hihi infrared kei uru ki te karāhe matapihi i ngā āhuarangi wera, ā, ka taea te whakamahi pai ake i te mārama me te kaha wera i ngā āhuarangi makariri.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā huānga whenua onge i roto i ngā mara maha, tae atu ki te ope taua, te pūngao karihi, te hangarau teitei, me ngā hua kaihoko o ia rā. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te lanthanum hei whakapai ake i te mahi rautaki o ngā koranu i roto i ngā patu me ngā taputapu, ka whakamahia te gadolinium me ōna isotopes hei ngongo irahiko i roto i te mara pūngao karihi, ā, ka whakamahia te cerium hei tāpiri karāhe hei ngongo i ngā hihi ultraviolet me te infrared.
Hei tāpiri karāhe, ka taea e te cerium te mimiti i ngā hihi ultraviolet me te infrared, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te karāhe motuka. Ehara i te mea ka tiaki noa i ngā hihi ultraviolet engari ka whakaitihia hoki te pāmahana i roto i te motuka, ā, ka penapena hiko mō te hauhautanga. Mai i te tau 1997, kua tāpirihia te cerium oxide ki te karāhe motuka Hapanihi, ā, i whakamahia i roto i ngā motuka i te tau 1996.
3. Ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga awe o te mimiti o te hihi whero e ngā matū whakarewa
3.1 Ko ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga awe o te mimiti o te hihi whero-whero e ngā matū whakarewa ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga matua:
Te whānuitanga o te tere mimiti: Ka rerekē te tere mimiti o ngā matū whakarewa ki ngā hihi whero-whero i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te momo whakarewa, te āhua o te mata, te pāmahana, me te roanga ngaru o ngā hihi whero-whero. Ko ngā konganuku noa pēnei i te konumohe, te parahi, me te rino he tere mimiti o ngā hihi whero-whero kei waenganui i te 10% me te 50% i te pāmahana rūma. Hei tauira, ko te tere mimiti o te mata konumohe parakore ki ngā hihi whero-whero i te pāmahana rūma he tata ki te 12%, ko te tere mimiti o te mata parahi taratara ka eke pea ki te 40%.
3.2 Ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga awe o te mimiti o te hihi whero-whero e ngā matū whakarewa:
Ngā momo konganuku: He rerekē ngā hanganga ngota me ngā whakaritenga irahiko o ia konganuku, ā, he rerekē hoki ō rātou kaha mimiti mō ngā hihi whero-whero.
Āhua o te mata: Ka pā te taratara, te paparanga waikura, te paninga rānei o te mata whakarewa ki te tere mimiti.
Pāmahana: Ka huri te āhua hiko o roto i te konganuku i ngā huringa pāmahana, ā, ka pā ki tana mimiti i ngā hihi whero-whero.
Ngaru roangaru pōkākā: He rerekē ngā kaha mimiti o ngā hihi pōkākā mō ngā konganuku.
Ngā Huringa i raro i ngā Āhuatanga Motuhake: I raro i ētahi āhuatanga motuhake, ka rerekē pea te tere mimiti o ngā hihi pūwhero e ngā konganuku. Hei tauira, ina pania he mata o te konganuku ki tētahi paparanga rauemi motuhake, ka taea te whakanui ake i tōna kaha ki te mimiti i ngā hihi pūwhero. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā huringa o te āhua hiko o ngā konganuku i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei ka arahi pea ki te pikinga o te tere mimiti.
Ngā Āpure Whakamahinga: He mea nui te whakamahinga o ngā āhuatanga mimiti whero-whero o ngā matū whakarewa i roto i te hangarau whero-whero, te whakaahua wera, me ētahi atu āpure. Hei tauira, mā te whakahaere i te paninga, i te pāmahana rānei o te mata whakarewa, ka taea te whakarite i te mimiti o ngā hihi whero-whero, ka taea ai te whakamahi i roto i te ine pāmahana, te whakaahua wera, me ētahi atu.
Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me te Rangahau Papamuri: I whakatauhia e ngā kairangahau te tere mimiti o ngā hihi whero-whero e ngā konganuku mā roto i ngā inenga whakamātautau me ngā rangahau ngaio. He mea nui ēnei raraunga mō te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga whatu o ngā pūhui konganuku me te whakawhanake i ngā tono e pā ana.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga mimiti whero-whero o ngā matū whakarewa, ā, ka rerekē pea i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei āhuatanga i roto i ngā mara maha.