He aha ngā Whenua Onge?
Ko ngā huānga whenua onge, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā huānga whenua onge, e pā ana ki ngā huānga 17 i runga i te ripanga ā-pūmotu e whakauru ana i te raupapa lanthanide mai i ngā tau ngota 57, lanthanum (La) ki te 71, lutetium (Lu), me te scandium (Sc) me te yttrium (Y).
Mai i te ingoa, tera pea e kiia he "onge" ēnei, engari ina whakaarohia ngā tau ka taea te keri (te ōwehenga o ngā rahui kua whakapumautia ki te whakaputanga ā-tau) me tō rātou kiato i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, he nui ake ēnei i te arahi me te konutea.
Mā te whakamahi tika i te konganuku onge, ka kitea ngā panoni nui ki ngā hangarau tuku iho; ngā panoni pēnei i te auahatanga hangarau mā roto i ngā mahi hou, ngā whakapainga ki te pakari o ngā rauemi hanganga me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao mō ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu hiko.
Mō ngā Waikura Whenua-Onge
Ko te Rōpū Waikura Whenua Onge ka kiia i ētahi wā ko ngā Whenua Onge, ko ngā REO rānei. Kua kitea ētahi konganuku whenua onge he tono whenua noa iho i roto i te mahi whakarewa, te mahi uku, te hanga karāhe, ngā tae, ngā taiaho, ngā pouaka whakaata me ētahi atu wāhanga hiko. Kei te tino piki haere te hiranga o ngā konganuku whenua onge. Me whai whakaaro anō hoki ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi kei roto i te whenua onge me ngā tono ahumahi he waikura, he mea whiwhi mai rānei i ngā waikura.
Mō ngā whakamahinga nui me ngā whakamahinga pakeke o ngā waikura whenua onge i roto i te ahumahi, ko te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hanganga whakakorikori (pēnei i te whakakorikori motuka ara-toru), i roto i ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki te karāhe (te hanga karāhe, te tango tae, te whakakanapa karāhe me ētahi atu whakamahinga e pā ana), me te hanga aukume tuturu e tata ana ki te 70% o te whakamahinga o ngā waikura whenua onge. Ko ētahi atu whakamahinga ahumahi nui e pā ana ki te ahumahi whakarewa (e whakamahia ana hei tāpiri i roto i ngā koranu whakarewa Fe, Al rānei), ngā uku (ina koa i roto i te take o te Y), ngā whakamahinga e pā ana ki te rama (i roto i te ahua o te phosphorus), hei wāhanga koranu pākahiko, i roto rānei i ngā pūtau wahie waikura totoka, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, engari kāore i te iti iho te hiranga, kei reira ngā whakamahinga iti ake, pēnei i te whakamahinga koiora o ngā pūnaha nanoparticulated kei roto ngā waikura whenua onge hei rongoā mate pukupuku, hei tohu kimi pukupuku rānei, hei whakapaipai rā rānei hei tiaki kiri.
Mō ngā Matū Whenua-Onge
Ka hangaia ngā Matū Whenua-Onge tino parakore mai i ngā konganuku mā te tikanga e whai ake nei: te kukū ā-tinana (hei tauira, te whakamānu), te tango wai, te purenga o te otinga mā te tango whakarewa, te wehenga whenua onge mā te tango whakarewa, te whakapūtātanga takitahi o ngā matū whenua onge. Hei whakamutunga, ka hangaia e ēnei matū he warowaihā, he hauwai, he phosphate me he fluorides ka taea te hoko.
Tata ki te 40% o te hanga onepū e whakamahia ana i roto i te āhua whakarewa—hei hanga aukume, hiko pākahiko, me ngā koranu. Ka hangaia ngā konganuku mai i ngā matū o runga ake nei mā te wini hiko tote kua hanumi i te pāmahana teitei me te whakaiti pāmahana teitei me ngā mea whakaiti konganuku, hei tauira, te konupūmā, te rātanamu rānei.
Ko te nuinga o ngā whenua onge e whakamahia ana mō ēnei e whai ake nei:
●Mngā aukume (tae atu ki te 100 aukume mō ia motuka hou)
● Ngā kaiwhakaoho (ngā tukunga waka me te pakaru hinu)
● Ngā paura whakakanapa karāhe mō ngā mata pouaka whakaata me ngā kōpae rokiroki raraunga karāhe
● Ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou (ina koa mō ngā waka ranu)
● Ngā taputapu whakaahua (ngā taputapu whakamārama, whakapūngao me te whakanui mārama)
● E matapaetia ana ka tino tipu haere ngā aukume me ngā photonics i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei
He rārangi whānui o ngā matū parakore teitei me ngā matū tino parakore a UrbanMines. Ka tino piki ake te hiranga o ngā matū whenua onge i roto i ngā hangarau matua maha, ā, kāore e taea te whakakapi i roto i ngā hua me ngā tukanga whakaputa maha. Ka tukuna e mātou ngā matū whenua onge i roto i ngā taumata rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o ia kiritaki, ā, he rauemi mata nui ēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē.
He aha ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā taonga onge?
Ko te whakamahinga tuatahi o te whenua onge i roto i ngā umanga he kiripaka i roto i ngā pūahi rama. I taua wā, kāore anō kia whakawhanakehia te hangarau mō te wehewehe me te whakamahine, nō reira i whakamahia he ranunga o ngā huānga whenua onge me te tote maha, he konganuku misch rānei (koranu) kāore i whakarerekētia.
Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960, i taea te wehewehe me te whakapai ake, ā, i kitea ngā āhuatanga o roto i ia onepū. Mō tō rātou whanaketanga ahumahi, i whakamahia tuatahitia rātou hei ngongo whatu katote-hihi mō ngā pouaka whakaata tae me ngā karāhe kāmera whakaata-teitei. Kua whai wāhi atu rātou ki te whakaiti i te rahi me te taumaha o ngā rorohiko, ngā kāmera matihiko, ngā taputapu oro me te maha atu mā te whakamahi i roto i ngā aukume tuturu mahi-teitei me ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua nui haere te aro ki a rātou hei rauemi mata mō ngā koranu mimiti-hauwai me ngā koranu aukati-magneti.
