Ko te waikura tine indium tētahi o ngā waikura kawe hiko mārama e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā tōna kawe hiko me te māramatanga whatu, tae atu ki te ngāwari o te whakatakoto hei kiriata angiangi.
Ko te waikura tine indium (ITO) he rauemi optoelectronic e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te rangahau me te ahumahi. Ka taea te whakamahi i te ITO mō ngā tono maha, pērā i ngā whakaaturanga papatahi, ngā matapihi atamai, ngā hikohiko polymer-based, ngā photovoltaics kiriata angiangi, ngā tatau karāhe o ngā pouaka tio hūpāmakete, me ngā matapihi hoahoanga. Heoi anō, ka taea e ngā kiriata angiangi ITO mō ngā papa karāhe te āwhina i ngā matapihi karāhe ki te penapena pūngao.
Ka whakamahia ngā rīpene matomato ITO mō te hanga rama he hiko-whakaata, he mahi, he tino ngāwari hoki.[2] Waihoki, ka whakamahia ngā kiriata angiangi ITO hei paninga ārai-whakaata, hei whakaaturanga karaihe wai (LCD) me te hiko-whakaata, ka whakamahia ngā kiriata angiangi hei hiko kawe, mārama.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te ITO hei hanga paninga arataki mārama mō ngā whakaaturanga pēnei i ngā whakaaturanga karaihe wai, ngā whakaaturanga papatahi, ngā whakaaturanga plasma, ngā papa pā, me ngā tono waituhi hiko. Ka whakamahia hoki ngā kiriata angiangi o te ITO i roto i ngā diode rama-whakaputa waro, ngā pūtau rā, ngā paninga ārai-pūmau me ngā parenga EMI. I roto i ngā diode rama-whakaputa waro, ka whakamahia te ITO hei anode (paparanga werohanga kōhao).
Ko ngā kiriata ITO i whakatakotoria ki runga i ngā matapihi o mua ka whakamahia hei whakarewa i ngā matapihi o mua o ngā waka rererangi. Ka puta te wera mā te whakamahi i te hiko puta noa i te kiriata.
Ka whakamahia hoki te ITO mō ngā paninga whatu, inā koa ngā paninga whakaata-whero (whakaata wera) mō ngā motuka, me ngā karāhe rama kohu konutai. Ko ētahi atu whakamahinga ko ngā pūoko hau, ngā paninga ārai-whakaata, te whakamakuku hiko i runga i ngā dielectrics, me ngā whakaata Bragg mō ngā taiaho VCSEL. Ka whakamahia hoki te ITO hei whakaata IR mō ngā matapihi iti-e. I whakamahia hoki te ITO hei paninga pūoko i roto i ngā kāmera Kodak DCS o muri mai, mai i te Kodak DCS 520, hei huarahi ki te whakanui ake i te urupare hongere kikorangi.
Ka taea e ngā ine taumahatanga kiriata angiangi a ITO te mahi i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 1400 °C, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao uaua, pērā i ngā tāpine hau, ngā miihini jet, me ngā miihini rōkete.
