Menene Rare-Earths?
Ƙasa mai wuya, wanda kuma aka sani da abubuwan ƙasa masu wuya, yana nufin abubuwa 17 a kan teburin lokaci-lokaci waɗanda suka haɗa da jerin lanthanide daga lambobin atomic 57, lanthanum (La) zuwa 71, lutetium (Lu), da scandium (Sc) da yttrium (Y).
Daga sunan, mutum zai iya ɗauka cewa waɗannan “ba kasafai suke faruwa ba,” amma dangane da shekarun da ba za a iya samu ba (rabo na adadin da aka tabbatar da adanawa da samarwa na shekara-shekara) da kuma yawansu a cikin ɓawon ƙasa, a zahiri sun fi yawan gubar da aka yi da led ko zinc.
Ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa mai wuya yadda ya kamata, mutum zai iya tsammanin manyan canje-canje ga fasahar gargajiya; canje-canje kamar ƙirƙirar fasaha ta hanyar sabbin ayyuka, haɓakawa ga dorewa a cikin kayan gini da ingantaccen ingantaccen makamashi ga injunan lantarki da kayan aiki.
Game da Rare-Earth Oxides
A wasu lokutan ana kiran ƙungiyar Rare-Earth Oxides a matsayin kawai Rare Earths ko kuma wani lokacin a matsayin REO. Wasu ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙasa sun sami aikace-aikacen ƙasa a fannin ƙarfe, yumbu, yin gilashi, rini, lasers, talabijin da sauran kayan lantarki. Muhimmancin ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙasa tabbas yana ƙaruwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa yawancin kayan da ke ɗauke da ƙasa waɗanda ake amfani da su a masana'antu ko dai oxides ne, ko kuma ana samun su ne daga oxides.
Dangane da aikace-aikacen masana'antu masu yawa da na tsufa na oxides masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, amfaninsu a cikin tsarin catalysts (kamar ta hanyar catalysis na mota guda uku), a cikin masana'antu masu alaƙa da gilashi (yin gilashi, canza launi ko launi, goge gilashi da sauran aikace-aikace masu alaƙa), da kuma kera maganadisu na dindindin suna da kusan kashi 70% na amfani da oxides na ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Sauran mahimman aikace-aikacen masana'antu sun shafi masana'antar ƙarfe (wanda ake amfani da shi azaman ƙari a cikin ƙarfe na Fe ko Al), yumbu (musamman a yanayin Y), aikace-aikacen da suka shafi haske (a cikin nau'in phosphorus), azaman abubuwan haɗin batir, ko a cikin ƙwayoyin mai na oxide mai ƙarfi, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, amma ba ƙasa da mahimmanci ba, akwai ƙananan aikace-aikace, kamar amfani da tsarin biomedical na nanoparticulated wanda ke ɗauke da oxides na ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi don maganin ciwon daji ko azaman alamun gano ƙari, ko azaman kayan kwalliya na rana don kare fata.
Game da Rare-Earth Compounds
Tsarkakakken Halittar Rare-Earth Compounds ana samar da su ne daga ma'adanai ta hanyar da ke ƙasa: yawan sinadarin da ke cikin ƙasa (misali, flotation), fitar da ruwa, tsarkakewar ruwa ta hanyar cire sinadarin da ke cikin ƙasa, rabuwar ƙasa ta hanyar cire sinadarin da ke cikin ƙasa, da kuma yawan ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa. A ƙarshe, waɗannan mahadi suna samar da carbonate, hydroxide, phosphates da fluorides masu kasuwa.
Ana amfani da kusan kashi 40% na samar da ƙasa mai wuya a cikin nau'in ƙarfe - don yin maganadisu, na'urorin lantarki na batir, da kuma ƙarfe. Ana yin ƙarfe daga mahaɗan da ke sama ta hanyar amfani da gishiri mai zafi mai zafi da kuma rage yawan zafin jiki ta amfani da na'urorin rage ƙarfe, misali, calcium ko lanthanum.
Ana amfani da ƙasa mai rare musamman a cikin waɗannan:
●Magnets (har zuwa maganadisu 100 a kowace sabuwar mota)
● Masu ƙara kuzari (haɗarin mota da fashewar man fetur)
● Foda mai goge gilashi don allon talabijin da faifan ajiyar bayanai na gilashi
● Batura masu sake caji (musamman ga motocin haɗin gwiwa)
● Na'urorin ƙara haske (haske, hasken rana da na'urorin ƙara haske)
● Ana sa ran maganadisu da photonics za su girma sosai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa
UrbanMines yana ba da cikakken kundin bayanai game da sinadarai masu tsarki da kuma sinadarai masu tsarki. Muhimmancin sinadarai masu tsarki na Rare Earth yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin fasahohi da yawa masu mahimmanci kuma ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin samfura da hanyoyin samarwa da yawa. Muna samar da sinadarai masu tsarki na Rare Earth a matakai daban-daban bisa ga buƙatun abokin ciniki, wanda ke aiki a matsayin kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a masana'antu daban-daban.
Mene ne ake amfani da Rare-Earths gabaɗaya a ciki?
Amfani da ƙasa mai wuya na farko a masana'antu shine don dutsen dutse a cikin fitilun wuta. A wancan lokacin, ba a haɓaka fasahar rabuwa da tsaftacewa ba, don haka an yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa mai wuya da gishiri da yawa ko ƙarfe mara canzawa (alloy).
Tun daga shekarun 1960, rabuwa da gyara ya zama mai yiwuwa kuma an bayyana halayen da ke cikin kowace ƙasa mai wuya. Don ci gaban masana'antu, an fara amfani da su azaman fosfos ɗin bututun cathode-ray don talabijin masu launi da kuma akan ruwan tabarau na kyamara mai ƙarfi. Sun ci gaba da ba da gudummawa wajen rage girman da nauyin kwamfutoci, kyamarorin dijital, na'urorin sauti da ƙari ta hanyar amfani da su a cikin maganadisu na dindindin masu aiki da yawa da batura masu caji.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, suna samun kulawa a matsayin kayan aiki na asali don haɗakar hydrogen da ƙarfe masu ɗaukar iskar oxygen.
