Yintoni umgaqo weekhompawundi zesinyithi ezifunxa imisebe ye-infrared kwaye zithini izinto ezibangela impembelelo yazo?
Iikhompawundi zesinyithi, kuquka iikhompawundi zomhlaba ongaqhelekanga, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufunxeni i-infrared. Njengenkokeli kwiikhompawundi zesinyithi ezingaqhelekanga kunye neekhompawundi zomhlaba onqabileyo,I-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. inceda phantse i-1/8 yabathengi behlabathi ukuze bafumane i-infrared. Ukuze kujongwane nemibuzo yobuchwephesha yabathengi bethu ngalo mba, iziko lophando nophuhliso lenkampani yethu liqokelele eli nqaku ukuze linike iimpendulo.
1. Umgaqo kunye neempawu zokufunxwa kwe-infrared yi-metal compounds
Umgaqo wokufunxwa kwe-infrared ziikhompawundi zesinyithi usekelwe kakhulu ekungcangcazelweni kwesakhiwo sazo se-molecular kunye neebhondi zeekhemikhali. I-infrared spectroscopy ifunda isakhiwo se-molecular ngokulinganisa utshintsho lwamanqanaba okungcangcazela kwe-intramolecular kunye namandla ajikelezayo. Ukungcangcazela kweebhondi zeekhemikhali kwiikhompawundi zesinyithi kuya kukhokelela ekufunxweni kwe-infrared, ngakumbi iibhondi ze-metal-organic kwiikhompawundi ze-metal-organic, ukungcangcazela kweebhondi ezininzi ze-inorganic, kunye nokungcangcazela kwefreyimu yekristale, okuya kuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-infrared spectrum.
Ukusebenza kweekhompawundi zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo kwi-infrared spectra:
(1). Izinto zeMXene: IMXene yikhompawundi yenguqu yesinyithi-ikhabhoni/initrogen enamacala amabini enezinto ezityebileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwesinyithi, indawo enkulu yomphezulu othile, kunye nomphezulu osebenzayo. Inezinga lokufunxwa kwe-infrared ezahlukeneyo kwiibhendi ze-infrared ezikufutshane ne-infrared kunye ne-mid-/far-infrared kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-infrared camouflage, ukuguqulwa kwe-photothermal, kunye nezinye iinkalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
(2).Iikhompawundi zobhedu: Iikhompawundi zobhedu ezine-phosphorus zisebenza kakuhle phakathi kwezifunxi ze-infrared, zithintela ngempumelelo into yokuba mnyama okubangelwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet kwaye zigcina ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye neempawu zokufunxa ze-infrared zizinzile ixesha elide.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa okusebenzayo
(1). I-Infrared camouflage: Izixhobo ze-MXene zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-infrared camouflage ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokufunxa i-infrared. Zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo iimpawu ze-infrared zesixhobo kwaye ziphucule ukufihla2.
(2). Ukuguqulwa kwe-Photothermal: Izixhobo ze-MXene zineempawu eziphantsi zokukhupha umbane kwiibhendi ze-infrared eziphakathi/ezikude, ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo zokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal kwaye zinokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo amandla okukhanya abe ngamandla obushushu2.
(3). Izinto zefestile: Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-resin ezine-infrared absorbers zisetyenziswa kwizinto zefestile ukuthintela ngempumelelo imisebe ye-infrared nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ezi meko zokusetyenziswa zibonisa ukwahluka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweekhompawundi zesinyithi ekufunxeni i-infrared, ingakumbi indima yazo ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yanamhlanje nakwimizi-mveliso.
2. Zeziphi iikhompawundi zesinyithi ezinokufunxa imisebe ye-infrared?
Iikhompawundi zesinyithi ezinokufunxa imisebe ye-infrared ziqukai-antimony tin oxide (ATO), i-indium tin oxide (ITO), i-aluminium zinc oxide (AZO), i-tungsten trioxide (WO3), i-iron tetroxide (Fe3O4) kunye ne-strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Iimpawu zokufunxwa kwe-infrared zeekhompawundi zesinyithi
I-Antimony tin oxide (ATO): Ingakhusela ukukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared okunobude obungaphezulu kwe-1500 nm, kodwa ayinakukhusela ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nokukhanya kwe-infrared okunobude obungaphantsi kwe-1500 nm.
I-Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): Njenge-ATO, inefuthe lokukhusela ukukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared.
I-Zinc aluminum oxide (AZO): Ikwanomsebenzi wokukhusela ukukhanya okukufutshane ne-infrared.
I-Tungsten trioxide (WO3): Ine-plasmon resonance effect yendawo kunye nendlela encinci yokufunxa i-polaron, inokukhusela imitha ye-infrared enobude bobude obuyi-780-2500 nm, kwaye ayinabungozi kwaye ayibizi kakhulu.
I-Fe3O4: Ineempawu ezilungileyo zokufunxa i-infrared kunye nempendulo yobushushu kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiisensa ze-infrared kunye nee-detectors.
I-Strontium titanate (SrTiO3): ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokufunxa i-infrared kunye ne-optical, ifanelekile kwiisensa ze-infrared kunye nee-detectors.
I-Erbium fluoride (ErF3) : yinxalenye yomhlaba onqabileyo onokufunxa imisebe ye-infrared. I-Erbium fluoride ineekristale ezinombala we-rose, indawo yokunyibilika eyi-1350°C, indawo yokubila eyi-2200°C, kunye noxinano lwe-7.814g/cm³. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingubo ze-optical, i-fiber doping, iikristale ze-laser, izinto eziluhlaza ze-single-crystal, ii-laser amplifier, ii-catalyst additives, kunye nezinye iindawo.
2.2 Ukusetyenziswa kweekhompawundi zesinyithi kwizinto ezifunxa i-infrared
Ezi khompawundi zesinyithi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zokufunxa i-infrared. Umzekelo, i-ATO, i-ITO, kunye ne-AZO zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiingubo zokukhusela imitha ezicacileyo, ezichasene ne-static, kunye nee-electrode ezicacileyo; i-WO3 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokugquma ubushushu, ukufunxa, kunye nokubonakalisa i-infrared ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwe-infrared shielding kunye neempawu ezingezizo iityhefu. Ezi khompawundi zesinyithi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe be-infrared ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezizodwa zokufunxa i-infrared.
2.3 Zeziphi izinto ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba ezinokufunxa imisebe ye-infrared?
Phakathi kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, i-lanthanum hexaboride kunye ne-nano-size lanthanum boride zinokufunxa imisebe ye-infrared.I-Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-radar, kwi-aerospace, kushishino lwe-elektroniki, kwizixhobo, kwizixhobo zonyango, kwi-metallurgy yezixhobo zasekhaya, kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokukodwa, i-lanthanum hexaboride single crystal sisixhobo sokwenza iityhubhu ze-electron ezinamandla aphezulu, iimagnetron, ii-electron beams, ii-ion beams, kunye nee-accelerator cathodes.
Ukongeza, i-nano-scale lanthanum boride ikwanophawu lokufunxa imisebe ye-infrared. Isetyenziswa kwi-coating kumphezulu wee-polyethylene film sheets ukuthintela imisebe ye-infrared elangeni. Ngelixa ifunxa imisebe ye-infrared, i-nano-scale lanthanum boride ayifunxi ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuninzi. Le nto inokuthintela imisebe ye-infrared ukuba ingangeni kwiglasi yefestile kwiindawo ezishushu, kwaye ingasebenzisa kakuhle ukukhanya kunye namandla obushushu kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Izinto ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, kuquka ezomkhosi, amandla enyukliya, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kunye neemveliso zabathengi bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, i-lanthanum isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-alloys kwizixhobo nakwizixhobo, i-gadolinium kunye ne-isotopes zayo zisetyenziswa njenge-neutron absorbers kwintsimi yamandla enyukliya, kwaye i-cerium isetyenziswa njenge-glass additive ukufunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-infrared.
I-Cerium, njengesongezelelo seglasi, inokufunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-infrared kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiglasi yeemoto. Ayikhuseli kuphela kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kodwa ikwanciphisa ubushushu ngaphakathi emotweni, ngaloo ndlela igcina umbane kwi-air conditioner. Ukususela ngo-1997, iglasi yeemoto yaseJapan yongezwe nge-cerium oxide, kwaye yasetyenziswa kwiimoto ngo-1996.
3.Iimpawu kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukufunxwa kwe-infrared ziikhompawundi zesinyithi
3.1Iimpawu kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukufunxwa kwe-infrared ziikhompawundi zesinyithi ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Uluhlu lwezinga lokufunxa: Izinga lokufunxa iikhompawundi zesinyithi kwimitha ye-infrared liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwesinyithi, imeko yomphezulu, ubushushu, kunye nobude bemitha ye-infrared. Iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-aluminium, i-copper, kunye ne-iron zihlala zinezinga lokufunxa iimitha ze-infrared phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-50% kubushushu begumbi. Umzekelo, izinga lokufunxa umphezulu we-aluminium ecocekileyo kwimitha ye-infrared kubushushu begumbi limalunga ne-12%, ngelixa izinga lokufunxa umphezulu we-copper orhabaxa linokufikelela malunga ne-40%.
3.2Iimpawu kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukufunxwa kwe-infrared ziikhompawundi zesinyithi:
Iintlobo zeesinyithi: Iisinyithi ezahlukeneyo zinezakhiwo zeathomu ezahlukeneyo kunye nolungiselelo lwee-elektroni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zikwazi ukufunxa imitha ye-infrared ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Imeko yomphezulu: Uburhabaxa, umaleko we-oxide, okanye ukugquma komphezulu wesinyithi kuya kuchaphazela izinga lokufunxwa.
Ubushushu: Utshintsho lobushushu luya kutshintsha imeko ye-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwesinyithi, ngaloo ndlela luchaphazela ukufunxwa kwayo yimisebe ye-infrared.
Ubude be-infrared: Ubude be-infrared obahlukeneyo buneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunxa isinyithi.
Utshintsho phantsi kweemeko ezithile: Phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezithile, izinga lokufunxwa kwemitha ye-infrared yisinyithi linokutshintsha kakhulu. Umzekelo, xa umphezulu wesinyithi ugqunywe ngomaleko wezinto ezikhethekileyo, amandla awo okufunxwa kwemitha ye-infrared anokwandiswa. Ukongeza, utshintsho kwimeko ye-elektroniki yesinyithi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu lunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwenqanaba lokufunxwa.
Iintsimi zesicelo: Iipropati zokufunxa i-infrared zeekhompawundi zesinyithi zinexabiso elibalulekileyo lesicelo kwitekhnoloji ye-infrared, i-thermal imaging, kunye nezinye iindawo. Umzekelo, ngokulawula ubushushu okanye ubushushu bomphezulu wesinyithi, ukufunxa kwayo imisebe ye-infrared kunokulungiswa, okuvumela ukusetyenziswa ekulinganisweni kobushushu, i-thermal imaging, njl.
Iindlela zoVavanyo kunye neMvelaphi yoPhando: Abaphandi bafumanise izinga lokufunxwa kwemitha ye-infrared yisinyithi ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yovavanyo kunye nezifundo zobungcali. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqondeni iipropati zokukhanya zeekhompawundi zesinyithi kunye nokuphuhlisa usetyenziso oluhambelanayo.
Ngamafutshane, iipropati zokufunxwa kwe-infrared zeekhompawundi zesinyithi zichaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi kwaye zinokutshintsha kakhulu phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezi mpawu zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi.