Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium antimonate esikhundleni se-antimony trioxide kuma-fiber flame retardants: izimiso zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi
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Isingeniso
Njengoba izidingo zomhlaba wonke zobungane bemvelo kanye nokuphepha kwezinto ezivimbela umlilo zanda, imboni yefayibha kanye nendwangu idinga ngokushesha ukuhlola ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sezinto ezivimbela umlilo zendabuko. I-Antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃), njenge-synergist eyinhloko yezinhlelo ezivimbela umlilo ze-halogen, ibilokhu ibusa imakethe isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, ubuthi bayo obungaba khona, izingozi zokucubungula uthuli, kanye nezingxabano zemvelo kuye kwashukumisela imboni ukuthi ifune izixazululo ezingcono. Njengoba iChina ilawula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuma-antimony compounds, i-antimony trioxide ayitholakali emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, kanti i-sodium antimonate (NaSbO₃) idonsele ukunaka ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile kanye nemisebenzi yokushintsha. Ithimba lobuchwepheshe le-UrbanMines Tech. Ltd., lihlanganiswe nokuhlangenwe nakho kokusetshenziswa kwangempela kanye namacala okushintsha i-sodium antimonate, lahlanganisa lesi sihloko ngombono wobuchwepheshe, laxoxa nabantu abanolwazi embonini mayelana nokwenzeka kwe-sodium antimonate esikhundleni se-Sb₂O₃, futhi lahlaziya izimiso zalo izinzuzo, kanye nokungalungi.
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I. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindlela zokuvimbela ilangabi: umphumela wokubambisana kwe-sodium antimonate kanye ne-antimony trioxide
1. Indlela evimbela ilangabi ye-Sb2O2 yendabuko
I-Sb2O2 kumele isebenze ngokubambisana nama-halogen flame retardants (njengama-bromine compounds). Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusha, lawa amabili ayasabela ekwakheni ama-volatile antimony halides (SbX2), avimbela ukusha ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
Isivimbeli somlilo sesigaba segesi: I-SbX₃ ibamba ama-free radicals (·H, ·OH) futhi iphazamise ukusabela kweketanga;
I-Condensed phase flame retardant: ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwengqimba yekhabhoni ukuze kuhlukaniswe umoya-mpilo nokushisa.
2. Izakhiwo ezivimbela ilangabi ze-sodium antimonate
Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-sodium antimonate (Na⁺ kanye ne-SbO₃⁻) sinikeza umsebenzi ophindwe kabili:
Ukuqina kokushisa okuphezulu: kuyabola ukuze kukhiqizwe i-Sb₂O₃ kanye ne-Na₂O ku-300–500°C, kanti i-Sb₂O₃ ekhishwe iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana nama-halogens ukuze kuncishiswe ilangabi;
Umphumela wokulawulwa kwe-alkaline: I-Na₂O ingaqeda amagesi ane-asidi (njenge-HCl) akhiqizwa ukusha futhi inciphise ukugqwala kwentuthu.
Amaphuzu abalulekile obuchwepheshe: I-sodium antimony ikhipha izinhlobo ze-antimony ezisebenzayo ngokubola, ifinyelele umphumela wokuvimbela ilangabi olingana ne-Sb2O₃ ngenkathi inciphisa ingozi yokuchayeka othulini ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
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II. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo zokufaka esikhundleni se-sodium antimonate
1. Indawo ezungezile kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe
Ingozi yothuli oluphansi: I-Sodium antimonate isesimeni esihlanganisiwe noma esingaphansi kwe-microspherical, futhi akulula ukukhiqiza uthuli oluphefumulayo ngesikhathi sokucubungula;
Impikiswano encane yobuthi: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Sb2O2 (ebhalwe njengento engaba yinkinga yi-EU REACH), i-sodium antimonate inedatha encane yobuthi bemvelo futhi ayikalawulwa ngokuqinile.
2. Ukucubungula ukusebenza kahle
Ukusabalala Okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-ion e-sodium andisa i-polarity, okwenza kube lula ukusabalala ngokulinganayo ku-polymer matrix;
Ukulinganisa ukuzinza kokushisa: Izinga lokushisa lokubola lifana nezinga lokushisa lokucubungula (200–300°C) lemicu evamile (njenge-polyester ne-nylon) ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi.
3. Ukusebenzisana kwemisebenzi eminingi
Umsebenzi wokucindezela intuthu: I-Na₂O iqeda amagesi ane-asidi futhi inciphise ubuthi bentuthu (inani le-LOI lingandiswa ngo-2–3%);
Ukungaconsi: Uma kuhlanganiswa nezigcwalisi ezingaphili (njengobumba oluncane), isakhiwo sengqimba yekhabhoni siba siqinile.
III. Izinselele Ezingaba Khona Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-Sodium Antimonate
1. Ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko nokusetshenziswa
Izindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-sodium antimonate iyinkimbinkimbi futhi intengo cishe iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.2–1.5 kune-Sb₂O₃;
Okuqukethwe kwe-antimony okusebenzayo okuphansi: Ngaphansi kwezinga elifanayo lokuvimbela ilangabi, inani lokwengeza kudingeka landiswe ngo-20-30% (ngoba isakhi se-sodium sinciphisa ukugcwala kwe-antimony). Kodwa-ke, i-UrbanMines Tech. Ltd., ngezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile ze-R&D, ingakwazi ukwenza ngcono izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-antimony ye-sodium zibe ngaphansi kune-antimony trioxide futhi ithathe ngokushesha ingxenye enkulu yesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke ngesigamu sonyaka.
2. Izinkinga zokuhambisana kobuchwepheshe
Ukuzwela kwe-pH: I-Alkaline Na₂O ingathinta ukuzinza kokuncibilika kwamanye ama-resin (njenge-PET);
Ukulawulwa kombala: Izinsalela ze-sodium emazingeni okushisa aphezulu zingabangela ukuphuzi okuncane kwefayibha, okudinga ukungezwa kwezithako zombala.
3. Ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kudinga ukuqinisekiswa
Umehluko ekumelaneni nesimo sezulu: Ukufuduka kwe-sodium ion ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama kungathinta ukuqina kokulinda komlilo;
Izinselele zokusebenzisa kabusha: Inqubo yokusebenzisa kabusha amakhemikhali emicu egcina ilangabi equkethe i-sodium idinga ukuhlelwa kabusha.
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IV. Izincomo zesimo sesicelo
I-sodium antimonateifaneleka kakhulu kulezi zinsimu ezilandelayo:
1. Izindwangu ezinenani eliphezulu: njengeyunifomu yokulwa nomlilo kanye nengaphakathi lezindiza, ezinezidingo eziqinile zokunciphisa intuthu kanye nobuthi obuphansi;
2. Uhlelo lokumboza olusekelwe emanzini: ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuhlakazeka kwalo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukumiswa kwe-Sb₂O₃;
3. Ifomula evimbela ilangabi elihlanganisiwe: ihlanganiswe ne-phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika kwe-halogen.
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V. Iziqondiso Zocwaningo Lwesikhathi Esizayo
1. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Nano: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvimbela ilangabi ngokulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya (<100 nm);
2. Inhlanganisela ye-carrier esekelwe ku-bio: ihlanganiswe ne-cellulose noma i-chitosan ukuze kuthuthukiswe imicu eluhlaza evimbela ilangabi;
3. Ukuhlolwa Komjikelezo Wokuphila (LCA): Bala izinzuzo zemvelo zochungechunge lonke lwemboni.
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Isiphetho
Njengendlela engaba khona esikhundleni se-antimony trioxide, i-sodium antimonate ikhombisa inani eliyingqayizivele maqondana nobungani bemvelo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokusebenza, kodwa izindleko zayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwezobuchwepheshe kusadingeka kuthuthukiswe. Ngemithetho eqinile kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo, i-sodium antimonate kulindeleke ukuthi ibe inketho ebalulekile esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezinto ezivimbela ilangabi le-fiber, okwenza imboni ithuthukele ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu kanye nobuthi obuphansi.
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Amagama angukhiye: i-sodium antimonate, i-antimony trioxide, i-flame retardant, ukwelashwa ngefayibha, ukusebenza kokucindezela intuthu