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Hafnium Tetrachloride
Hafnium Tetrachloride (HfCl₄)waa iskudhis aan dabiici ahayn oo qiimo sare leh oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo sidii horudhac u ah isku-darka dhoobada heerkulka sare ee sare, walxaha fosfooraska ee diode-yada iftiinka korontada sare leh (LEDs), iyo kiciyeyaasha kala duwan. Waxaa xusid mudan, inay muujiso aashitada Lewis ee gaarka ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad waxtar ugu leh polymerization-ka olefin iyo isbeddellada dabiiciga ah ee kala duwan. Iyada oo ay ku saleysan tahay ballaarinta codsiyada wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka, injineernimada hawada sare, iyo agabka elektaroonigga ah ee jiilka soo socda, baahida caalamiga ah ee HfCl₄ waxay muujisay koboc joogto ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarkeeda baaxadda warshadeed ayaa weli ah mid farsamo ahaan u baahan - oo u baahan xakamaynta habka adag, kaydka quudinta aadka u sarreeya, iyo u hoggaansanaanta xeerarka adag ee deegaanka, caafimaadka, iyo badbaadada (EHS). Iyadoo la tixgelinayo doorkeeda muhiimka ah ee awood u siinta agabka waxqabadka sare leh iyo kiciyeyaasha gaarka ah, HfCl₄ waxaa si isa soo taraysa loogu aqoonsaday inay tahay agab ceeriin ah oo istaraatiiji ah oo loogu talagalay sayniska agabka horumarsan iyo isku-darka kiimikada wanaagsan.
Hafnium, 72Hf Muuqaalka Cawlan oo bir ah Lambarka atamka (Z) 72 Marxaladda STP Adag Barta dhalaalaysa 2506 K (2233℃, 4051 ℉) Barta karkarinta 4876 K (4603 ℃, 8317 ℃) Cufnaanta (20℃) 13.281 g/cm3 Marka dareere (mp) 12 g/cm3 Kulaylka isku-dhafka 27.2 kJ/mol Kulaylka uumiga 648 kJ/mol Awoodda kulaylka molar-ka 25.73 J/(mol·K) Awood kuleyl gaar ah 144.154 J/(kg·K) Heerka Ganacsiga ee 5N Nadiifinta Fasalka Hafnium Tetrachloride
Astaan Li 7 (ppb) Noqo 9 (ppb) Na 23 (ppb) Mg 24 (ppb) Al 27 (ppb) K 39 (ppb) Ca 40 (ppb) V 51 (ppb) Cr 52 (ppb) Mn 55 (ppb) Fe 56 (ppb) Co 59 (ppb) Ni 60 (ppb) Cu 63 (ppb) Zn 66 (ppb) Ga 69 (ppb) Ge 74 (ppb) Sr 87 (ppb) UMHT5N 0.371 2.056 17.575 6.786 87.888 31.963 66.976 0.000 74.184 34.945 1413.776 21.639 216.953 2.194 20.241 12.567 8.769 3846.227 Zr 90 (ppb) Lambarka 93 (ppb) Mo98 (ppb) Pd106 (ppb) Ag 107 (ppb) Sida 108 (ppb) Cd 111 (ppb) 115 (ppb) Sn 118 (ppb) Sb 121 (ppb) Ti131 (ppb) Ba 138 (ppb) W 184 (ppb) Au-2197 (ppb) Hg 202 (ppb) Tl 205 (ppb) Pb 208 (ppb) Bi 209 (ppb) 41997.655 8.489 181.362 270.662 40.536 49.165 5.442 0.127 26.237 1.959 72.198 0.776 121.391 1707.062 68.734 0.926 14.582 36.176 Faallo: Xuduudaha kor ku xusan waxaa ogaaday ICP-MS.
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄) waa mid aan midab lahayn, oo adag oo leh miisaan molecular ah oo ah 320.30 g/mol iyo Lambarka Diiwaanka CAS 13499-05-3. Waxay ku dhalaasho heerkul ah 320 °C waxayna ku dhacdaa sublimation qiyaastii 317 °C cadaadis jawi. Isku-darka ayaa aad u hygroscopic ah wuxuuna si xoog leh uga falceliyaa qoyaanka dibadda, taasoo u baahan kaydinta xaaladaha jawiga aan biyuhu lahayn, kuwa aan biyuhu lahayn (tusaale ahaan, argon ama nitrogen) ee weelasha si adag loo xiray. Sababtoo ah daxalkeeda xooggan, taabashada tooska ah ee maqaarka ama indhaha waxay keeni kartaa gubasho kiimiko oo daran. Maadaama ay tahay walax khatar ah oo daxal leh oo heerka 8 ah (UN2509), maaraynta waxay u baahan tahay qalab ilaalin shaqsiyeed oo ku habboon (PPE), oo ay ku jiraan galoofisyada kiimikada u adkaysta, muraayadaha indhaha, iyo ilaalinta neefsashada halkaas oo ay suurtagal tahay in boodhka laga dhaliyo.
Maxaa loo isticmaalaa Hafnium Tetrachloride?
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄)waa iskudhis aan dabiici ahayn oo badan, oo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinka kiimikada ee gaarka ah, oo laga helo codsiyo ballaaran oo ku saabsan dhinacyo badan oo tignoolajiyada sare ah:
- Semiconductors iyo Qalabka Elektarooniga ah: Waxay u adeegtaa sidii hordhac muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta agabka dielectric-joogtada ah ee sare (sida hafnium dioxide), oo loo isticmaalo lakabyada dahaarka albaabka transistor-ka si loo xoojiyo waxqabadka jajabka. Waxa kale oo si weyn loogu isticmaalaa hababka kaydinta uumiga kiimikada (CVD) si loogu shubo filimada khafiifka ah ee birta ah ee hafnium ama hafnium, oo lagu dabaqay transistors-ka waxqabadka sare leh, aaladaha xusuusta, iwm.
- Dhoobada Heerkulka Aad u Sareeya iyo Hawada Sare: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista agabka dhoobada heerkulka aadka u Sareeya, kuwaas oo muujiya iska caabin heer sare ah, iska caabin xirasho, iyo iska caabin daxaleed. Dhoobadani waxay ku habboon yihiin jawi aad u daran sida qaybaha kulul ee matoorka diyaaradaha iyo tuubooyinka gantaalada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa agabka baakadaha LED-ka ee awoodda sare leh si loo hagaajiyo kala-baxa kulaylka qalabka iyo cimri dhererka.
- Katalisyada iyo Isku-darka Dabiiciga ah: Iyada oo ah katalis wax ku ool ah oo Lewis acid ah, waxay kor u qaaddaa falcelinta sida olefin polymerization (tusaale ahaan, sida hordhaca katalisyada Ziegler-Natta), esterification ee alcohols iyo acids, acylation, iyo 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, taasoo kor u qaadaysa heerarka falcelinta iyo xulashada. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa isku-darka kiimikada wanaagsan ee udgoonka iyo daawooyinka.
- Warshadaha Nukliyeerka: Iyada oo ka faa'iideysanaysa xasilloonideeda wanaagsan ee kulaylka iyo kiimikada, waxaa lagu dabaqaa nidaamyada qaboojinta fal-galayaasha nukliyeerka iyo sida walxaha dahaarka ee shidaalka nukliyeerka, iyadoo la hagaajinayo iska caabbinta daxalka iyo xasilloonida kulaylka.
- Qaybta Tamarta: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii walxo ceeriin ah oo lagu sameeyo walxaha elektrolytka adag sida lithium hafnium phosphate si loo sameeyo baytariyada lithium ee korantada ionic sare leh. Waxa kale oo ay u adeegtaa sidii hordhac u ah walxaha cathode ee awoodda sare leh ee ku jira baytariyada lithium iyo sodium-ion.
- Kala-soocidda Zirconium-Hafnium: Iyada oo laga faa'iidaysanayo farqiga u dhexeeya isbeddelka zirconium tetrachloride iyo hafnium tetrachloride, si hufan ayaa loo kala saari karaa iyada oo loo marayo kala-soocidda jajabka ama koromagrafiga gaaska. Kani waa hab warshadeed oo muhiim ah oo lagu helo hafnium saafi ah.
Marka la soo koobo, hafnium tetrachloride wuxuu door aan la beddeli karin ka ciyaaraa semiconductors-ka, agabka horumarsan, katalisyada, tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo waaxyaha tamarta cusub, isagoo isku dhigaya inuu yahay walax ceeriin ah oo muhiim u ah warshadaha casriga ah ee tiknoolajiyada sare.