Kafofin watsa labarai na Burtaniya: Amurka tana tafiya a kan igiya mai tsauri, tambaya ɗaya tilo ita ce wane ɓangare a kan teburin lokaci-lokaci zai kasance na gaba
[Rubutu/Cibiyar Kula da Masu Kula da Shi Qi Qian] Kasar Sin ta gabatar da tsare-tsare kan fitar da kayayyaki masu dacewa da amfani da su biyu ga Amurka a farkon wannan watan, wanda ya jawo hankalin duniya kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da tattaunawa kan hakan.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ruwaito a ranar 18 ga Disamba cewa China ce ke mamaye tsarin samar da muhimman ma'adanai. A wannan yanayin, ci gaba da danne masana'antar fasahar zamani ta Amurka a bayyane yake cewa "tana tafiya cikin mawuyacin hali": a gefe guda, tana son amfani da harajin haraji don rage dogaro da China; a gefe guda kuma, tana ƙoƙarin guje wa ɗaukar fansa daga China kafin ta gina wasu hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki.
Rahoton ya ce a halin yanzu, ma'adanai masu mahimmanci za su zama "makamin da China za ta zaɓa" wajen magance rikicin ciniki da ke ƙara ta'azzara da Amurka. "Tambayar kawai ita ce wace ƙarfe mai mahimmanci ce a cikin teburin lokaci-lokaci da China za ta zaɓa."
A ranar 3 ga Disamba, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta China ta fitar da sanarwa, inda ta sanar da tsauraran matakai kan fitar da gallium, germanium, antimony, kayan da suka yi tsauri, graphite, da sauran kayayyakin da ake amfani da su biyu zuwa Amurka.
Sanarwar ta bukaci a hana fitar da kayayyakin amfani biyu ga masu amfani da sojojin Amurka ko kuma don dalilai na soja; a ka'ida, ba za a yarda da fitar da kayayyakin amfani biyu kamar gallium, germanium, antimony, da superhard zuwa Amurka ba; kuma za a aiwatar da cikakken nazari kan masu amfani da ƙarshen da kuma waɗanda ake amfani da su don fitar da kayayyakin amfani biyu zuwa Amurka. Sanarwar ta kuma jaddada cewa duk wata ƙungiya ko mutum a kowace ƙasa ko yanki da ta karya ƙa'idodi masu dacewa za a ɗora mata alhakin bisa ga doka.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ce matakin da China ta dauka martani ne cikin gaggawa ga sabon matakin hana fitar da guntuwar da Amurka ta dauka kan China.
Rahoton ya ce, "Wannan wani shiri ne da aka tsara a hankali, inda China ke amfani da matsayinta na mamaye manyan karafa don mayar da martani kan harin da Amurka ta kai wa manyan fasaharta."
A cewar bayanai daga Hukumar Binciken Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka, a bara, Amurka ta dogara da kashi 100% kan shigo da gallium daga waje, inda China ke da kashi 21% na shigo da shi daga waje; Amurka ta dogara ne da shigo da gallium daga waje.antimonya kashi 82%, da kuma sama da kashi 50% na germanium, inda China ke da kashi 63% da 26% na kayan da take shigowa da su, bi da bi. Binciken Yanayin Kasa na Amurka ya yi gargadin cewa haramcin da China ta yi kan fitar da gallium da germanium gaba daya zai iya haifar da asarar dala biliyan 3.4 kai tsaye ga tattalin arzikin Amurka tare da haifar da tasirin sarkar samar da kayayyaki da katsewar ayyukan samar da kayayyaki.
Govini, wani kamfanin leƙen asiri na tsaron Amurka, ya fitar da wani rahoto kwanan nan yana cewa haramcin fitar da muhimman ma'adanai daga China zai shafi samar da makamai ga dukkan rassan sojojin Amurka, wanda ya shafi tsarin makamai sama da 1,000 da kuma sassa sama da 20,000.
Bugu da ƙari, sabon takunkumin da China ta kakaba wa kayayyakin gallium, germanium, da antimony ya "shafi" sosai. Bloomberg ya lura cewa China ta kafa misali wajen hana kamfanonin ƙasashen waje sayar da kayayyaki ga Amurka. Kafin wannan, "rashin yarda da juna" a fannin hana takunkumi ya zama kamar dama ce ta Amurka da ƙasashen Yamma.
Bayan da China ta sanar da sabbin takunkumin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje, farashin antimony a duniya ya tashi daga dala 13,000 a kowace tan a farkon shekarar zuwa dala 38,000. Farashin germanium ya tashi daga dala 1,650 zuwa dala 2,862 a wannan lokacin.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya yi imanin cewa Amurka na "tafiya cikin mawuyacin hali": a gefe guda, tana son amfani da harajin haraji don rage dogaro da China; a gefe guda kuma, tana ƙoƙarin guje wa ɗaukar fansa daga China kafin ta gina wasu hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki. Duk da haka, gaskiyar magana ita ce Amurka ta dogara sosai kan shigo da manyan karafa, kuma ana sa ran China za ta ƙara ɗaukar matakan ɗaukar fansa a fannin manyan karafa.
Da farko, gwamnatin Biden ta zuba biliyoyin daloli don sake gina karfin samar da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a cikin gida, amma ci gaba yana iya zama a hankali.
Amurka na shirin sake buɗe ma'adinan antimony a Idaho, amma ba a sa ran fara samar da shi ba sai a shekarar 2028. Kamfanin da ke sarrafa antimony guda ɗaya tilo a Amurka, American Antimony, yana shirin ƙara yawan samarwa amma har yanzu yana buƙatar tabbatar da isasshen wadata daga wasu kamfanoni. Amurka ba ta samar da wani gallium na asali ba tun 1987.
A lokaci guda kuma, babbar matsalar da Amurka ke fuskanta ita ce yadda China ke mamaye tsarin samar da kayayyaki a fannin ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Dabaru da Ƙasashen Duniya, wata cibiyar tunani ta Amurka, China ita ce babbar mai samar da ma'adanai 26 daga cikin 50 da aka lissafa a matsayin ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a halin yanzu ta hanyar Binciken Yanayin Ƙasa na Amurka. Yawancin waɗannan ma'adanai suna cikin jerin "jerin sarrafa fitar da kayayyaki biyu" na China tare da gallium, germanium, da antimony.
Rahoton ya nuna cewa ga Amurka, sanarwar da China ta yi na tsaurara matakan tsaro kan fitar da graphite a matsayin "alama mai ban tsoro", yana nuna cewa yanayin da ke tsakanin China da Amurka yana yaduwa zuwa fannin karafa na batir. Wannan yana nufin cewa "idan Amurka ta kara sanya takunkumi kan masana'antar fasahar zamani ta China, har yanzu China tana da hanyoyin kai hari da dama."
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ce shugaban Amurka mai jiran gado Trump ya yi barazanar sanya cikakken haraji kan dukkan kayayyakin kasar Sin kafin ya hau mulki. Amma babbar tambayar da gwamnatin Trump za ta yi wa gwamnatin Trump a nan gaba ita ce irin matakin da Amurka za ta iya dauka na kalubalantar China a fannin karafa masu mahimmanci.
Dangane da wannan batu, Stephen Roach, wani sanannen masanin tattalin arziki na Amurka kuma babban jami'i a Jami'ar Yale, kwanan nan ya buga wani labari yana gargadin gwamnatin Amurka. Ya nuna cewa harin ramuwar gayya da China ta kai a wannan karon ya haifar da "yajin aikin tiyata" ga manyan masana'antun Amurka; idan Amurka ta ci gaba da kara ta'azzara takaddamar cinikayya, matakan ramuwar gayya na China na iya fadada, saboda "China har yanzu tana da 'katunan trump' da yawa a hannunta."
A ranar 17 ga Disamba, jaridar South China Morning Post ta Hong Kong ta ambato wani bincike da ke cewa duk da cewa wasu daga cikin matakan da China ta dauka na baya-bayan nan na mayar da hankali ne kan gwamnatin Biden, wadannan matakai masu sauri sun samar da “alamu” kan yadda China za ta yi mu'amala da gwamnatin Amurka ta gaba wacce Trump ke jagoranta. "China tana da karfin gwiwar yin fada kuma tana da kwarewa wajen fada" kuma "yana bukatar mutum biyu su yi tango" ... Masana kasar Sin sun jaddada cewa China a shirye take don Trump.
Shafin yanar gizo na US Politico ya kuma ambaci wani bincike na kwararru da ke nuna cewa wadannan matakan da China ta dauka sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan zababben shugaban Amurka mai jiran gado Trump maimakon shugaba Biden na yanzu. "'Yan China sun kware wajen duba makomar, kuma wannan alama ce ga gwamnatin Amurka mai zuwa."