Atolankhani aku Britain: United States ikuyenda movutikira, funso lokhalo ndilakuti ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chili patebulo la periodic chomwe chidzakhala chotsatira
[Text/Observer Network Qi Qian] China idayambitsa njira zowongolera kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri ku United States koyambirira kwa mwezi uno, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha dziko lonse lapansi ndipo zokambirana zina zikupitilirabe mpaka pano.
Pa Disembala 18, bungwe la Reuters linanena kuti China ikulamulira unyolo wopereka zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kupitiriza kupondereza kwa United States makampani apamwamba aukadaulo aku China n’koonekeratu kuti “kuli m’mavuto aakulu”: kumbali imodzi, ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo kuti ichepetse kudalira kwake China; kumbali ina, imayesetsa kupewa kubwezera kwakukulu kuchokera ku China isanapange njira zina zopangira zinthu.
Lipotilo linati pakadali pano, miyala yofunika kwambiri idzakhala "chida chosankhidwa" ndi China pothana ndi mkangano wamalonda womwe ukukulirakulira ndi United States. "Funso lokhalo ndilakuti ndi chitsulo chiti chofunikira kwambiri chomwe China idzasankha pambuyo pake."
Pa Disembala 3, Unduna wa Zamalonda ku China udapereka chilengezo, cholengeza za kuwongolera mwamphamvu kutumiza kunja kwa gallium, germanium, antimony, zinthu zolimba kwambiri, graphite, ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri ku United States.
Chilengezochi chikufuna kuti zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri ziletsedwe kutumizidwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ankhondo aku US kapena pazifukwa zankhondo; kwenikweni, kutumiza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri monga gallium, germanium, antimony, ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri ku US sikuloledwa; ndipo kuwunikanso kokhwima kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kudzachitika potumiza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri ku US. Chilengezochi chikugogomezeranso kuti bungwe lililonse kapena munthu aliyense m'dziko lililonse kapena dera lililonse amene akuswa malamulo oyenera adzayankhidwa mlandu malinga ndi lamulo.
Reuters inati zomwe China yachitazi zinali yankho lachangu ku United States pankhani yatsopano yoletsa kutumiza ma chips ku China.
"Uku ndi kukwera kwa zinthu komwe kwakonzedwa mosamala," lipotilo linatero, "momwe China imagwiritsa ntchito udindo wake waukulu mu zitsulo zazikulu kuti ibwezere kuukira kwa US pa luso lake laukadaulo wapamwamba."
Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku United States Geological Survey, chaka chatha, United States idadalira 100% pa zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa kunja kwa dziko la gallium, ndipo China idadalira 21% ya zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa kunja kwa dziko la China; United States idadalira zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa dziko la China.antimonipa 82%, ndi zoposa 50% ya germanium, pomwe China imapanga 63% ndi 26% ya zomwe imatumiza kunja, motsatana. Kafukufuku wa za nthaka ku United States adachenjeza kuti kuletsa kwathunthu kwa China kutumiza gallium ndi germanium kungayambitse kutayika kwachindunji kwa $3.4 biliyoni ku chuma cha US ndikuyambitsa zotsatira za kusokonekera kwa ntchito zoperekera zakudya.
Govini, kampani ya zachitetezo ku US, posachedwapa yatulutsa lipoti lonena kuti kuletsa kwa China kutumiza kunja kwa miyala yofunika kwambiri ku US kudzakhudza kupanga zida m'magulu onse ankhondo aku US, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zida zoposa 1,000 ndi zida zoposa 20,000.
Kuphatikiza apo, chiletso chaposachedwa cha China "chinakhudzanso kwambiri" unyolo wopereka gallium, germanium, ndi antimony. Bloomberg adanenanso kuti China yakhazikitsa chitsanzo poletsa makampani akunja kugulitsa zinthu ku United States. Izi zisanachitike, "kuchoka kunja" mu ulamuliro wa zilango kumawoneka ngati mwayi wa United States ndi mayiko akumadzulo.
China italengeza zoletsa zatsopano zotumizira kunja, mtengo wapadziko lonse wa antimony unakwera kuchoka pa $13,000 pa tani kumayambiriro kwa chaka kufika pa $38,000. Mtengo wa germanium unakwera kuchoka pa $1,650 kufika pa $2,862 panthawi yomweyi.
Reuters ikukhulupirira kuti United States "ikuyenda molimba mtima": kumbali imodzi, ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo kuti ichepetse kudalira kwake China; kumbali ina, imayesetsa kupewa kubwezera kwathunthu kuchokera ku China isanapange njira zina zopangira. Komabe zoona zake n'zakuti United States imadalira kwambiri kutumiza zitsulo zofunika kunja, ndipo China ikuyembekezeka kukulitsa njira zake zobwezera pankhani ya zitsulo zofunika.
Choyamba, boma la Biden layika mabiliyoni ambiri a madola kuti likonzenso mphamvu zapakhomo zopangira miyala yofunika kwambiri, koma kupita patsogolo kukuoneka kuti kuchedwa.
United States ikukonzekera kutsegulanso mgodi wa antimony ku Idaho, koma kupanga koyamba sikuyembekezeredwa mpaka 2028. Kampani yokhayo yopangira antimony ku United States, American Antimony, ikukonzekera kuwonjezera kupanga koma ikufunikabe kuonetsetsa kuti pali okwanira kwa anthu ena. United States sinapange gallium iliyonse yachilengedwe kuyambira 1987.
Nthawi yomweyo, vuto lalikulu lomwe dziko la United States likukumana nalo ndi momwe China imalamulira unyolo woperekera zinthu m'minda ya mchere wofunikira. Malinga ndi Center for Strategic and International Studies, bungwe lofufuza za ku America, China ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopereka mchere 26 mwa 50 yomwe yalembedwa kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri ndi US Geological Survey. Miyala yambiri iyi ili pa mndandanda wa "mndandanda wowongolera kutumiza kunja kwa China" pamodzi ndi gallium, germanium, ndi antimony.
Lipotilo linanena kuti ku United States, kulengeza kwa China za ulamuliro wokhwima pa kutumiza graphite kunja ndi "chizindikiro choopsa", kusonyeza kuti mkhalidwe wa kulimbana pakati pa China ndi United States ukufalikira kumunda wa zitsulo za batri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti "ngati makampani apamwamba aku China avomerezedwanso ndi United States, China ikadali ndi njira zingapo zowukira."
Reuters inati Purezidenti wosankhidwa wa US, Trump, waopseza kuti ayika msonkho waukulu pa katundu yense waku China asanayambe udindo. Koma funso lalikulu kwa boma la Trump mtsogolo ndilakuti United States ingatani kuti isagonjetse kuukira kwa China pankhani ya zitsulo zazikulu.
Pankhani imeneyi, Stephen Roach, katswiri wodziwika bwino wazachuma waku America komanso katswiri wamkulu ku Yale University, posachedwapa adafalitsa nkhani yochenjeza boma la US. Iye adati kuukira mwachangu kwa China nthawi ino kwayambitsa "kuukira kwa opaleshoni" pamakampani akuluakulu aku US; ngati United States ipitiliza kukulitsa mkangano wamalonda, zochita za China zobwezera nazonso zitha kukulirakulira, chifukwa "China ikadali ndi 'ma trump card' ambiri m'manja mwake."
Pa Disembala 17, South China Morning Post ya ku Hong Kong inanena mawu ofufuza kuti ngakhale kuti njira zina zotsutsa zaposachedwapa za China zikuyang'ana boma la Biden, zochita zachanguzi zapereka "zizindikiro" za momwe China idzachitire ndi boma lotsatira la US lotsogozedwa ndi Trump. "China imayesetsa kumenya nkhondo ndipo ndi yabwino kumenya nkhondo" ndipo "zimafunika anthu awiri kuti achite tango"... Akatswiri aku China adagogomezeranso kuti China ili okonzeka Trump.
Webusaiti ya US Politico inatchulanso kafukufuku wa akatswiri kuti njira izi zomwe China ikuchita zikuyang'ana kwambiri Purezidenti wosankhidwa wa US Trump m'malo mwa Purezidenti Biden wapano. "Anthu aku China ali ndi luso poyang'ana zamtsogolo, ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro cha boma lotsatira la US."