Nhau dzeBritain: United States iri kufamba netambo yakasimba, mubvunzo chete ndewekuti ndechipi chinhu chiri patafura ye periodic chichatevera
[Text/Observer Network Qi Qian] China yakaunza mitemo yekutengesera kunze kwenyika pazvinhu zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zviviri kuUnited States pakutanga kwemwedzi uno, izvo zvakakwezva kutariswa kwenyika yese uye hurukuro dzakabatana nadzo dzichiripo nanhasi.
Reuters yakashuma musi wa18 Zvita kuti China ndiyo inotonga huwandu hwezvicherwa zvakakosha. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuramba kweUnited States ichidzvinyirira indasitiri yetekinoroji yepamusoro yeChina kuri pachena kuti "iri kufamba netambo yakasimba": kune rumwe rutivi, inoda kushandisa mitero kuderedza kuvimba kwayo neChina; kune rumwe rutivi, inoedza kudzivirira kutsiva kwakazara kubva kuChina isati yavaka imwe nzira yekugadzira.
Mushumo wacho wakataura kuti pari zvino, zvicherwa zvakakosha zvichave "chombo chakasarudzwa" neChina mukugadzirisa gakava rekutengeserana riri kuramba richikura neUnited States. "Mubvunzo chete ndewekuti ndeipi simbi inokosha iri patafura yeperiodic iyo China inotevera kusarudza."
Musi wa3 Zvita, Bazi rezvekutengeserana reChina rakaburitsa chiziviso, richizivisa kudzora kwakasimba pakutengeswa kwegallium, germanium, antimony, zvinhu zvakaoma, graphite, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri kuUnited States.
Chiziviso ichi chinoda kuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri zvirambidzwe kutumirwa kune vanoshandisa mauto eUS kana kuti zvehondo; musimboti, kutumirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri zvakaita segallium, germanium, antimony, uye zvinhu zvakaoma kuUS hazvizobvumirwi; uye ongororo yakasimba yevashandisi vekupedzisira uye kushandiswa kwekupedzisira ichaitwa pakutumira zvinhu zvegraphite zvinoshandiswa kaviri kuUS. Chiziviso ichi chinosimbisawo kuti chero sangano kana munhu ari munyika ipi kana dunhu anotyora mitemo yakakodzera achatongwa maererano nemutemo.
Reuters yakati danho reChina raive mhinduro nekukurumidza kumutemo mutsva weUnited States wekurambidza China kutengesa machipisi.
"Uku kuwedzera kwakarongwa zvakanaka," mushumo wakadaro, "uko China inoshandisa chinzvimbo chayo chikuru muzvinhu zvesimbi zvakakosha kutsiva kurwiswa kweUS pahunyanzvi hwayo hwepamusoro."
Sekureva kwedata kubva kuUnited States Geological Survey, gore rapfuura, United States yaivimba ne100% kubva kune zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zve gallium, China ichitora 21% yezvinhu zvainotenga kunze kwenyika; United States yaivimba nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika.antimonypa82%, uye inopfuura 50% yegermanium, China ichitora 63% uye 26% yezvinhu zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichiteerana. United States Geological Survey yakayambira kuti kurambidzwa kwese kweChina kutengeswa kwegallium negermanium kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa zvakananga kwemadhora mabhiriyoni 3.4 kuhupfumi hweUS uye kukonzera mhedzisiro yecheni yekukanganiswa kwemabasa echeni yekugovera.
Govini, kambani yehungwaru yekudzivirira yeUS, ichangobva kuburitsa mushumo uchiti kurambidzwa kweChina kutumira kunze kwenyika zvicherwa zvikuru zveUS kuchakanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvombo mumapazi ese emauto eUS, zvinosanganisira zvombo zvinopfuura chiuru uye zvikamu zvinopfuura makumi maviri.
Pamusoro pezvo, kurambidzwa kwazvino kweChina "kwakakanganisawo zvakanyanya" kutengeswa kwegallium, germanium, uye antimony. Bloomberg akataura kuti China yakaisa muenzaniso mukurambidza makambani ekune dzimwe nyika kutengesa zvigadzirwa kuUnited States. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, "kuve kunze kwenyika" mukudzora zvirango kwairatidzika kunge kwagara kuri ropafadzo yeUnited States nenyika dzekumadokero.
Mushure mekunge China yazivisa zvirambidzo zvitsva zvekutengesera kunze kwenyika, mutengo wepasi rose weantimony wakakwira kubva pamadhora zviuru gumi nezvitatu patani pakutanga kwegore kusvika pamadhora zviuru makumi matatu nemasere ($38,000). Mutengo wegermanium wakakwira kubva pamadhora zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu nemakumi mashanu ($1,650) kusvika pamadhora zviuru zviviri nemakumi masere nemakumi matanhatu nemaviri ($2,862) munguva imwe cheteyo.
Reuters inotenda kuti United States iri "kufamba netambo yakasimba": kune rumwe rutivi, inoda kushandisa mitero kuderedza kuvimba kwayo neChina; kune rumwe rutivi, inoedza kudzivirira kutsiva kwakazara kubva kuChina isati yavaka imwe nzira yekugadzira. Zvisinei chokwadi ndechekuti United States inonyanya kuvimba nekupinza simbi dzinokosha, uye China inotarisirwa kuwedzera matanho ayo ekutsiva mumunda wesimbi dzinokosha.
Chekutanga, hurumende yaBiden yakaisa mabhiriyoni emadhora kuti ivandudze kugona kwekugadzira zvicherwa zvakakosha munyika, asi kufambira mberi kungangononoka.
United States inoronga kuvhurazve mugodhi weantimony muIdaho, asi kugadzirwa kwekutanga hakutarisirwi kusvika muna 2028. Muchina wega weantimony muUnited States, American Antimony, unoronga kuwedzera kugadzirwa asi uchiri kuda kuve nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwakakwana hwevatorwa. United States haina kugadzira gallium yemuno kubvira muna 1987.
Panguva imwe chete, dambudziko guru riri kutarisana neUnited States nderekuti China ndiyo inonyanya kutonga muchikamu chezvicherwa zvakakosha. Sekureva kweCenter for Strategic and International Studies, sangano reUS think, China ndiyo inonyanya kupa zvicherwa makumi maviri nematanhatu kubva pamakumi mashanu zvakanyorwa sezvicherwa zvakakosha neUS Geological Survey. Zvizhinji zvezvicherwa izvi zviri pa "runyorwa rwekudzora kutumira kunze kwenyika" rweChina pamwe chete negallium, germanium, uye antimony.
Mushumo wacho wakataura kuti kuUnited States, kuziviswa kweChina kwekudzora zvakanyanya kutengeswa kwegraphite "chiratidzo chinotyisa", zvichiratidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu pakati peChina neUnited States ari kupararira mumunda wesimbi dzemabhatiri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti "kana indasitiri yetekinoroji yepamusoro yeChina ikabvumidzwa zvakare neUnited States, China ichiri nenzira dzakawanda dzekurwiswa."
Reuters yakati Mutungamiriri weAmerica akasarudzwa Trump akatyisidzira kubhadharisa zvinhu zvese zvekuChina asati atora chigaro. Asi mubvunzo mukuru kune hurumende yaTrump yeramangwana ndewekuti United States inogona sei kuramba kurwisa China munyaya dzesimbi dzakakosha.
Panyaya iyi, Stephen Roach, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yeAmerica inozivikanwa uye mukuru weYunivhesiti yeYale, achangobva kuburitsa chinyorwa achinyevera hurumende yeUS. Akataura kuti kurwisa nekukurumidza kweChina panguva ino kwakakonzera "kuvhiyiwa" kwemaindasitiri makuru eUS; kana United States ikaramba ichiwedzera gakava rekutengeserana, zviito zveChina zvekutsiva zvinogonawo kuwedzera, nekuti "China ichiri ne'makadhi akawanda eTrump' muruoko rwayo."
Musi wa17 Zvita, South China Morning Post yeHong Kong yakataura ongororo yekuti kunyangwe mamwe matanho eChina ekudzivirira achangobva kunangana nehurumende yaBiden, matanho aya ekukurumidza akapa "zviratidzo" zvekuti China ichabata sei nehurumende inotevera yeUS inotungamirwa naTrump. "China inoshinga kurwa uye inokwanisa kurwa" uye "zvinoda vanhu vaviri kuti tango" ... nyanzvi dzeChina dzakatosimbisa kuti China yakagadzirira Trump.
Webhusaiti yePolitico yeUS yakataurawo nezveongororo yenyanzvi yekuti matanho aya anotorwa neChina akanyanya kunangana naTrump, Mutungamiriri weAmerica akasarudzwa, kwete naBiden, Mutungamiriri wepari zvino. "VaChina vane hunyanzvi pakutarisa remangwana, uye ichi chiratidzo kuhurumende inotevera yeUS."