Warbaahinta Ingiriiska: Mareykanka wuxuu ku socdaa xarig adag, su'aasha kaliya ayaa ah qaybta jadwalka xilliyeedka ee xigta
[Qoraal/Shabakadda Kormeeraha Qi Qian] Shiinaha ayaa Mareykanka ku soo bandhigtay kontaroolo dhoofinta ah oo ku saabsan walxaha la isticmaalo ee khuseeya labada isticmaalba horraantii bishan, taasoo soo jiidatay dareenka caalamka iyo wadahadallada la xiriira ayaa sii socda ilaa maantadan la joogo.
Reuters ayaa 18-kii Diseembar ku soo warantay in Shiinuhu uu xukumo silsiladda sahayda ee macdanta muhiimka ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, caburinta sii socota ee Mareykanka ee warshadaha tiknoolajiyadda sare ee Shiinaha ayaa si cad u ah "ku socoshada xarig adag": dhinaca kale, waxay rabtaa inay isticmaasho canshuuraha si ay u yareyso ku tiirsanaanteeda Shiinaha; dhanka kale, waxay isku dayeysaa inay ka fogaato aargoosi dhammaystiran oo ka yimaada Shiinaha ka hor inta aysan dhisin awood wax soo saar oo kale ah.
Warbixintu waxay sheegtay in xilligan, macdanta muhiimka ah ay noqon doonto "hubka ay Shiinaha u doorato" marka ay wax ka qabanayso khilaafka ganacsi ee sii kordhaya ee kala dhexeeya Mareykanka. "Su'aasha kaliya ayaa ah biraha muhiimka ah ee ku jira jadwalka xilliyeedka ee Shiinaha uu doorto kan xiga."
Diseembar 3, Wasaaradda Ganacsiga Shiinaha ayaa soo saartay ogeysiis, iyadoo ku dhawaaqday xakameyn adag oo ku saabsan dhoofinta gallium, germanium, antimony, walxaha adag, graphite, iyo walxaha kale ee laba-isticmaalka ah ee loo dhoofiyo Mareykanka.
Ku dhawaaqida waxay u baahan tahay in walxaha laba-isticmaalka ah laga mamnuuco in loo dhoofiyo dadka isticmaala militariga Mareykanka ama ujeeddooyin militari; mabda' ahaan, dhoofinta walxaha laba-isticmaalka ah sida gallium, germanium, antimony, iyo walxaha aadka u adag ee loo dhoofiyo Mareykanka looma oggolaan doono; dib u eegis adag oo lagu sameeyo dadka isticmaala dhammaadka iyo isticmaalka dhammaadka ayaa lagu hirgelin doonaa dhoofinta walxaha laba-isticmaalka ah ee loo dhoofiyo Mareykanka. Ku dhawaaqida ayaa sidoo kale xoogga saareysa in urur kasta ama shakhsi kasta oo ku sugan waddan ama gobol kasta oo jebiya xeerarka khuseeya uu mas'uul ka noqon doono sida waafaqsan sharciga.
Wakaaladda wararka ee Reuters ayaa sheegtay in tallaabada Shiinaha ay jawaab degdeg ah ka bixisay xayiraadda cusub ee Mareykanka uu saaray Shiinaha ee ku saabsan dhoofinta chips-ka.
"Kani waa kor u kac si taxaddar leh loo qorsheeyay," ayaa lagu yiri warbixinta, "kaas oo Shiinuhu uu u adeegsado booskiisa ugu weyn ee biraha muhiimka ah si uu uga aarguto weerarkii Mareykanka ee ku qaaday awooddiisa tiknoolajiyadeed ee sare."
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta laga helay Sahanka Juqraafiga ee Mareykanka, sannadkii hore, Mareykanka wuxuu 100% ku tiirsanaa soo dejinta gallium, iyadoo Shiinaha uu yahay 21% soo dejinta; Mareykanka wuxuu ku tiirsanaa soo dejintaantimony82%, iyo in ka badan 50% germanium, iyadoo Shiinuhu uu yahay 63% iyo 26% wax soo dejinta, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sahanka Juqraafiga ee Mareykanka ayaa ka digay in mamnuucidda guud ee Shiinaha ee dhoofinta gallium iyo germanium ay sababi karto khasaare toos ah oo dhan $3.4 bilyan oo doolar oo soo gaara dhaqaalaha Mareykanka isla markaana ay kicin karto saameyn silsilad ah oo ka dhalata hawlaha silsiladda sahayda oo hakad galay.
Govini, oo ah shirkad sirdoon oo Mareykan ah, ayaa dhawaan soo saartay warbixin sheegaysa in mamnuucidda dhoofinta Shiinaha ee macdanta muhiimka ah ee Mareykanka ay saameyn doonto soo saarista hubka ee dhammaan laamaha militariga Mareykanka, taasoo ku lug leh in ka badan 1,000 oo nidaam oo hub ah iyo in ka badan 20,000 oo qaybood.
Intaa waxaa dheer, mamnuuciddii ugu dambeysay ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale "si xun u saameysay" silsiladda sahayda ee gallium, germanium, iyo antimony. Bloomberg wuxuu xusay in Shiinuhu uu dhigay tusaale ka mamnuucaya shirkadaha shisheeye inay badeecadaha u iibiyaan Mareykanka. Kahor tan, "ka baxsan dhulka" ee xakamaynta cunaqabataynta waxay u muuqatay inay had iyo jeer ahayd mudnaanta Mareykanka iyo waddamada reer Galbeedka.
Ka dib markii Shiinuhu ku dhawaaqay xayiraado cusub oo dhoofinta ah, qiimaha caalamiga ah ee antimony ayaa kor uga kacay $13,000 halkii tan bilowgii sanadka ilaa $38,000. Qiimaha germanium ayaa kor uga kacay $1,650 ilaa $2,862 isla muddadaas.
Reuters waxay aaminsan tahay in Mareykanku uu "ku socdo xarig adag": dhinaca kale, wuxuu doonayaa inuu isticmaalo canshuuraha si uu u yareeyo ku tiirsanaantiisa Shiinaha; dhanka kale, wuxuu isku dayaa inuu ka fogaado aargoosi dhammaystiran oo ka yimaada Shiinaha ka hor inta uusan dhisin awood wax soo saar oo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee xaqiiqadu waxay tahay in Mareykanka uu si weyn ugu tiirsan yahay soo dejinta biraha muhiimka ah, waxaana la filayaa in Shiinaha uu kordhiyo tallaabooyinkiisa aargoosiga ee ku aaddan biraha muhiimka ah.
Marka hore, maamulka Biden wuxuu maalgashaday balaayiin doolar si uu dib ugu dhiso awoodda wax soo saarka gudaha ee macdanta muhiimka ah, laakiin horumarku wuxuu u badan yahay inuu gaabis noqdo.
Mareykanka ayaa qorsheynaya inuu dib u furo macdan laga qodo antimony oo ku taal Idaho, laakiin wax soo saarka ugu horreeya lama filayo ilaa 2028. Shirkadda kaliya ee soo saarta antimony ee Mareykanka, American Antimony, ayaa qorsheyneysa inay kordhiso wax soo saarka laakiin wali waxay u baahan tahay inay hubiso sahay ku filan oo dhinac saddexaad ah. Mareykanka ma uusan soo saarin gallium asal ahaan ka soo jeeda tan iyo 1987.
Isla mar ahaantaana, dhibaatada ugu weyn ee haysata Mareykanka waa heerka uu Shiinuhu ka taliyo silsiladda saadka ee dhinaca macdanta muhiimka ah. Sida laga soo xigtay Xarunta Daraasaadka Istaraatiijiyadda iyo Caalamiga ah, oo ah hay'ad cilmi baaris oo Mareykan ah, Shiinuhu waa bixiyaha ugu weyn ee 26 ka mid ah 50-ka macdan ee hadda lagu taxay Sahanka Juqraafiga Mareykanka. Macdantan badan ayaa ku jirta "liiska xakamaynta dhoofinta laba-isticmaalka ah" ee Shiinaha oo ay weheliso gallium, germanium, iyo antimony.
Warbixintu waxay tilmaamtay in Mareykanka, ku dhawaaqista Shiinaha ee xakamaynta adag ee dhoofinta graphite ay tahay "calaamad naxdin leh", taasoo muujinaysa in xaaladda tit-for-tat ee u dhaxaysa Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka ay ku faafeyso beeraha biraha baytariyada. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay "haddii warshadaha tiknoolajiyadda sare ee Shiinaha ay sii cunaqabateeyaan Mareykanka, Shiinaha wali wuxuu leeyahay waddooyin badan oo weerar ah."
Reuters ayaa sheegtay in Madaxweynaha la doortay ee Mareykanka Trump uu ku hanjabay inuu canshuuro dhameystiran ku soo rogi doono dhammaan badeecadaha Shiinaha ka hor inta uusan xilka la wareegin. Laakiin su'aasha ugu weyn ee mustaqbalka maamulka Trump ayaa ah inta uu Mareykanku ka hortagi karo weerarka Shiinaha ee dhanka biraha muhiimka ah.
Arrintan, Stephen Roach, oo ah dhaqaaleyahan Mareykan ah oo caan ah isla markaana ka tirsan Jaamacadda Yale, ayaa dhawaan daabacay maqaal uu uga digayo dowladda Mareykanka. Wuxuu tilmaamay in weerarkii degdegga ahaa ee Shiinaha uu markan sababay "shaqo joojin qalliin" oo lagu sameeyay warshadaha muhiimka ah ee Mareykanka; haddii Mareykanku uu sii wado inuu sii kordhiyo muranka ganacsiga, tallaabooyinka aargoosiga ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale sii ballaaran kara, sababtoo ah "Shiinuhu wali wuxuu gacanta ku hayaa 'kaararka trump' badan."
Diseembar 17, wargeyska South China Morning Post ee ka soo baxa Hong Kong ayaa soo xigtay falanqayn sheegaysa in inkastoo qaar ka mid ah tallaabooyinka ka hortagga ah ee dhawaanahan uu Shiinaha qaaday ay ku wajahan yihiin maamulka Biden, haddana tallaabooyinkan degdegga ah waxay bixiyeen "tilmaamo" ku saabsan sida Shiinuhu ula macaamili doono maamulka xiga ee Mareykanka ee uu hoggaaminayo Trump. "Shiinuhu wuxuu ku dhiirradaa inuu dagaalamo oo uu ku fiican yahay dagaalka" iyo "waxay qaadataa laba in la tango"... culimada Shiinuhu waxay xitaa ku nuuxnuuxsadeen in Shiinuhu uu diyaar u yahay Trump.
Mareegta US Politico ayaa sidoo kale soo xigatay falanqayn khubaro ah oo sheegaysa in tallaabooyinkan ay qaadayso Shiinaha ay si gaar ah ugu beegsanayaan Madaxweynaha la doortay ee Mareykanka Trump halkii ay ka beegsan lahaayeen Madaxweynaha hadda ee Biden. "Shiinuhu waxay ku fiican yihiin inay eegaan mustaqbalka, tanina waa calaamad muujinaysa maamulka Mareykanka ee soo socda."