He konganuku te Cobalt e whakamahia ana i roto i te maha o ngā pākahiko waka hiko. Ko te rongo ka whakamahia e Tesla ngā pākahiko "kore cobalt", engari he aha te momo "rauemi" o te cobalt? Ka whakarāpopototia e au mai i ngā mōhiotanga taketake e hiahia ana koe ki te mōhio.
Ko tōna ingoa ko Conflict Minerals Derived from Demon
E mōhio ana koe ki te huānga cobalt? Kāore i te mea kei roto noa i ngā pākahiko o ngā waka hiko (EV) me ngā waea atamai, engari kei roto hoki i ngā koranu whakarewa cobalt ātete-wera pērā i ngā miihini jet me ngā mata wiri, ngā aukume mō ngā kaikorero, me te mea miharo, te whakamahine hinu. Ko te ingoa o Cobalt i ahu mai i te "Kobold," he taniwha e puta pinepine ana i roto i ngā pakiwaitara pūtaiao whare herehere, ā, i whakaponohia i ngā tau waenga o Ūropi ka maka makutu rātou ki ngā maina hei hanga i ngā konganuku uaua me te paitini. Ae.
Ahakoa he taniwha kei roto i te maina, he paitini te cobalt, ā, ka pā he tūponotanga kino ki te hauora pērā i te pneumoconiosis mēnā kāore koe e mau i ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro tika. Ahakoa e whakaputa ana te Democratic Republic of Congo i te neke atu i te haurua o te cobalt o te ao, he maina iti (Artisanal mine) kei reira ngā tāngata rawakore kāore he mahi e keri ana i ngā poka me ngā taputapu ngāwari me te kore he whakangungu haumaru. ), He maha ngā aituā hinganga, ka akiakihia ngā tamariki ki te mahi mō te wā roa me te utu iti o te 200 yen i te rā, ā, ko Amatsu anō hoki he puna moni mō ngā rōpū patu, nō reira kei te taha o te koura, te tungsten, te tine, me te tantalum te cobalt. , I huaina ko ngā kohuke pakanga.
Heoi, i te horapa haere o ngā waka hiko me ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, i ngā tau tata nei kua tīmata ngā kamupene o te ao ki te rangahau mēnā kei te whakamahia te cobalt i hangaia mā ngā huarahi hē, tae atu ki te mekameka tuku o te cobalt oxide me te cobalt hydroxide.
Hei tauira, kei te whai wāhi atu ngā kamupene pākahiko nunui a CATL me LG Chem ki te "Responsible Cobalt Initiative (RCI)" e arahina ana e Haina, ko te kaupapa matua he whakakore i te mahi tamariki.
I te tau 2018, i whakatūria te Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA), he whakahaere hokohoko tika mō te cobalt, hei kaupapa hei whakatairanga i te māramatanga me te tika o te tukanga keri cobalt. Ko ētahi o ngā kaiuru ko Tesla, e whakamahi ana i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, te kamupene hiko hou Tiamana Sono Motors, te kamupene rauemi nui o Huiterangi Glencore, me te Huayu Cobalt o Haina.
I te tirohanga ki Hapani, i whakatūria e Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., e hokohoko rarahi ana i ngā rauemi hiko pai mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ki Panasonic, te "Kaupapa Here mō te Hokonga Kawenga o ngā Rauemi Mata Cobalt" i te marama o Ākuhata 2020, ā, i tīmata te tirotiro me te aroturuki tika. raro.
Ā tōna wā, i te mea ka whakarewahia e ngā kamupene nui ngā kaupapa keri e whakahaerehia tika ana tetahi i muri i tetahi, me whakamātau ngā kaimahi ki te ruku ki ngā maina iti, ā, ka heke haere te hiahia.
Te korenga o te konupora
I tēnei wā, he iti tonu te maha o ngā waka hiko, e 7 miriona anake te tapeke, tae atu ki te 2.1 miriona i hokona puta noa i te ao i te tau 2019. I tētahi atu taha, e kiia ana ko te tapeke o ngā waka miihini o te ao e 1 piriona, 1.3 piriona rānei, ā, ki te whakakorea ngā waka penehīni, ka whakakapia ki ngā waka hiko ā muri ake nei, ka hiahiatia he nui rawa o te cobalt cobalt oxide me te cobalt hydroxide.
Ko te tapeke o te konukōre i whakamahia i roto i ngā pākahiko hiko i te tau 2019 he 19,000 tāne, ko te tikanga he toharite o te 9 kg o te konukōre i hiahiatia mō ia waka. E 9 miriona tāne o te konukōre e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i te 1 piriona EV me te 9 kg ia waka, engari ko te tapeke o ngā rahui o te ao he 7.1 miriona tāne anake, ā, e ai ki te kōrero i te tīmatanga, 100,000 tāne i roto i ētahi atu ahumahi ia tau. Nā te mea he konganuku e whakamahia nuitia ana, kua tino memeha haere.
E matapaetia ana ka piki ake ngā hoko waka hiko tekau ngā whakarea i te tau 2025, me te tono ā-tau o te 250,000 tāne, tae atu ki ngā pākahiko i roto i te waka, ngā koranu motuhake me ētahi atu whakamahinga. Ahakoa ka taurite te tono mō ngā waka hiko, ka pau katoa ngā rahui e mōhiotia ana i roto i ngā tau 30.
I runga i tēnei horopaki, kei te kaha te mahi a ngā kaihanga pākahiko i te ao, i te pō ki te whakaiti i te nui o te cobalt. Hei tauira, kei te whakapaitia ngā pākahiko NMC e whakamahi ana i te nikara, te manganese, me te cobalt e te NMC111 (ko te nikara, te manganese, me te cobalt he 1:1. Kua whakaitihia haeretia te nui o te cobalt mai i te 1:1) ki te NMC532 me te NMC811, ā, kei te whakawhanakehia te NMC9.5.5 (ko te ōwehenga cobalt he 0.5).
Kua whakaitihia te nui o te cobalt i roto i te NCA (nikara, cobalt, konumohe) e whakamahia ana e Tesla ki te 3%, engari ko te Tauira 3 i hangaia i Haina e whakamahi ana i te pākahiko lithium rino phosphate kore-cobalt (LFP). Kua whakamahia hoki ētahi momo. Ahakoa he iti iho te mahi a te LFP i te NCA, he iti te utu o ngā rauemi, he pumau te tuku, ā, he roa te ora.
Ā, i te "Rā Pūhiko Tesla" kua whakaritea mai i te 6:30 i te ata o te 23 o Hepetema, 2020 i te wā o Haina, ka panuitia he pākahiko hou kāore he cobalt, ā, ka tīmata te hanga papatipu me Panasonic i roto i ētahi tau. E tūmanakohia ana.
Heoi anō, i Hapani, he maha ngā wā ka pōhēhētia ngā "konganuku onge" me ngā "konganuku onge". Ka whakamahia ngā konganuku onge i roto i ngā umanga nā te mea "he mea nui te whakarite i tētahi putunga pumau i roto i ngā kaupapa here i waenga i ngā konganuku he onge, he uaua rānei te tango i te nui o ēnei konganuku i runga i te whenua nā ngā take hangarau me te ōhanga (Manatū Ōhanga, Tauhokohoko me te Ahumahi)". He konganuku kore-ferrous e whakamahia pinepine ana, ā, he kupu whānui mō ngā momo 31 tae atu ki te lithium, te titanium, te chromium, te cobalt, te nickel, te platinum, me ngā konganuku onge. O ēnei, ka kiia ngā konganuku onge he konganuku onge, ā, 17 ngā momo pēnei i te neodymium me te dysprosium e whakamahia ana mō ngā aukume tuturu kua tautuhia.
I te korenga o ngā rauemi cobalt, ka iti haere te wātea o ngā rau me ngā paura konganuku cobalt, me ngā matū cobalt pērā i te cobaltous chloride tae noa ki te hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride.
Te wehenga kawenga mai i te konupora
I te pikinga ake o te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā EV, e matapaetia ana ka whanake haere ngā pākahiko kāore e hiahiatia he cobalt, pērā i ngā pākahiko totoka-katoa me ngā pākahiko lithium-whanariki, ā muri ake nei, nō reira, waimarie kāore mātou e whakaaro ka pau ngā rauemi. Heoi, ko te tikanga o tēnā ka heke te hiahia mō te cobalt i tētahi wāhi.
Ka tae mai te wā hurihanga i roto i ngā tau 5 ki te 10 i te wā tōmua, ā, kāore ngā kamupene keri nui e hiahia ki te haumi mō te wā roa ki te konukōre. Heoi, nā te mea kua kite tātou i te mutunga, e hiahia ana mātou kia wehe atu ngā kaikeri o te rohe i tētahi taiao mahi haumaru atu i mua i te mirumiru konukōre.
Ā, me hangarua anō hoki ngā pākahiko o ngā waka hiko kei te mākete i tēnei wā i muri i te otinga o ā rātou mahi 10 ki te 20 tau i muri mai, arā, ko Redwood i whakatūria e Sumitomo Metals me te tumuaki hangarau o mua o Tesla, a JB Strobel. -Kua whakatūria kētia e Materials me ētahi atu te hangarau whakaora cobalt, ā, ka whakamahia anōtia me ētahi atu rauemi.
Ahakoa ka piki ake te hiahia mō ētahi rauemi i roto i te tukanga whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko, ka tū atu tātou ki te oranga tonutanga me ngā tika tangata o ngā kaimahi me te pakari, pērā i te cobalt, ā, e kore e hoko i te riri o ngā Kobolts e whanga ana i roto i te ana. E hiahia ana ahau ki te whakamutu i tēnei kōrero me te tumanako kia noho hei hapori.