Uphando kunye nokuFumanisa
Kubonakala ngathi i-lithium kunye ne-lithium hydroxides azisekho okwangoku: nangona uphando olunzulu ngezinto ezizezinye, akukho nto ibonakalayo enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-lithium njengesiseko sokwakha itekhnoloji yebhetri yanamhlanje.
Amaxabiso e-lithium hydroxide (LiOH) kunye ne-lithium carbonate (LiCO3) ebesehla kakhulu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwaye utshintsho lwemarike lwakutshanje aluyiphuculi imeko. Nangona kunjalo, nangona uphando olubanzi kwizinto ezizezinye, akukho nto inokwenzeka enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-lithium njengesiseko sokwakha ubuchwepheshe bebhetri yanamhlanje kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Njengoko sisazi kubavelisi beefomyula ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ye-lithium, idemon ilele kwiinkcukacha kwaye kulapho amava afunyanwa khona ukuphucula kancinci kancinci uxinano lwamandla, umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweeseli.
Njengoko izithuthi ezintsha zombane (ii-EV) ziziswa phantse rhoqo ngeveki, eli shishini likhangela imithombo ethembekileyo kunye netekhnoloji. Kwabo bavelisi beemoto akunamsebenzi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiilabhoratri zophando. Bafuna iimveliso apha nangoku.
Utshintsho oluvela kwi-lithium carbonate ukuya kwi-lithium hydroxide
Kude kube kutshanje i-lithium carbonate ibisoloko iyinto ephambili kubavelisi abaninzi beebhetri ze-EV, kuba uyilo lweebhetri ezikhoyo lufuna ii-cathodes ezisebenzisa ezi zinto ziluhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuza kutshintsha. I-lithium hydroxide ikwayeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwee-cathodes zebhetri, kodwa ifumaneka kancinci kakhulu kune-lithium carbonate okwangoku. Nangona iyimveliso ekwindawo encinci kune-lithium carbonate, ikwasetyenziswa ngabavelisi abakhulu beebhetri, abakhuphisana nomzi-mveliso wokuthambisa wemizi-mveliso ngezinto ezifanayo eziluhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, kulindeleke ukuba ukunikezelwa kwe-lithium hydroxide kamva kube kuncinci nangakumbi.
Iingenelo eziphambili ze-lithium hydroxide battery cathodes xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iikhemikhali compounds ziquka ubuninzi bamandla obungcono (umthamo webhetri ongaphezulu), umjikelo wobomi obude kunye neempawu zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imfuno evela kushishino lweebhetri ezitshajwayo ibonise ukukhula okunamandla kuyo yonke iminyaka yoo-2010, kunye nokusetyenziswa okwandayo kweebhetri ezinkulu ze-lithium-ion kwizicelo zeemoto. Ngo-2019, iibhetri ezitshajwayo zazibalelwa kwi-54% yemfuno iyonke ye-lithium, phantse yonke isuka kubuchwepheshe beebhetri ze-Li-ion. Nangona ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo kokuthengiswa kweemoto ezixutyiweyo nezikagesi kuye kwakhokelela ingqalelo kwimfuno yeekhompawundi ze-lithium, ukwehla kwentengiso kwisiqingatha sesibini sowama-2019 eTshayina - eyona marike inkulu yee-EV - kunye nokwehla kwentengiso kwihlabathi liphela okubangelwe kukuvalwa kwezindlu okunxulumene nobhubhane we-COVID-19 kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2020 kubeke 'iibhuleki' zexesha elifutshane ekukhuleni kwemfuno ye-lithium, ngokuchaphazela imfuno evela kwizicelo zebhetri kunye nezemizi-mveliso. Iimeko zexesha elide ziyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukukhula okunamandla kwemfuno ye-lithium kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, nangona kunjalo, iRoskill iqikelela ukuba imfuno iya kudlula i-1.0Mt LCE ngo-2027, kunye nokukhula okungaphezulu kwe-18% ngonyaka ukuya ku-2030.
Oku kubonisa indlela yokutyala imali eninzi kwimveliso yeLiOH xa kuthelekiswa neLiCO3; kwaye kulapho umthombo welithium usebenza khona: ilitye le-spodumene liguquguquka kakhulu ngokwenkqubo yemveliso. Ivumela ukuveliswa kweLiOH okucwangcisiweyo ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium brine kudla ngokukhokelela kwiLiCO3 njengomlamli wokuvelisa iLiOH. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zemveliso yeLiOH ziphantsi kakhulu nge-spodumene njengomthombo endaweni ye-brine. Kuyacaca ukuba, ngobuninzi be-lithium brine ekhoyo kwihlabathi, ekugqibeleni kufuneka kuphuhliswe ubuchwepheshe obutsha benkqubo ukuze kusetyenziswe lo mthombo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngeenkampani ezahlukeneyo eziphanda iinkqubo ezintsha ekugqibeleni siza kubona oku kuza, kodwa okwangoku, i-spodumene yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo.
