Kutsvaga & Kuwana
Zvinoita sekuti lithium ne lithium hydroxides zvicharamba zviripo, parizvino: kunyangwe paine tsvakurudzo yakadzama pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu, hapana chiripo chinogona kutsiva lithium sechivako chetekinoroji yemabhatiri emazuva ano.
Mitengo ye lithium hydroxide (LiOH) ne lithium carbonate (LiCO3) yave ichidzikira kwemwedzi mishoma yapfuura uye kusimudzirwa kwemusika munguva pfupi yapfuura hakugadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Zvisinei, pasinei nekutsvagurudza kwakakura mune zvimwe zvinhu, hapana chiripo chinogona kutsiva lithium sechivako chetekinoroji yemabhatiri emazuva ano mumakore mashoma anotevera. Sezvatinoziva kubva kuvagadziri vemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri e lithium, dhiabhorosi iri muchidimbu uye apa ndipo panowanikwa ruzivo rwekuvandudza zvishoma nezvishoma kuwanda kwesimba, mhando uye kuchengetedzeka kwemasero.
Nemotokari itsva dzemagetsi (EV) dziri kuunzwa nguva nenguva vhiki rega rega, indasitiri iri kutsvaga masosi akavimbika uye tekinoroji. Kune avo vagadziri vemotokari hazvina basa kuti chii chiri kuitika mumarabhoritari ekutsvagisa. Vanoda zvigadzirwa pano neapo.
Kuchinja kubva ku lithium carbonate kuenda ku lithium hydroxide
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, lithium carbonate yave iri chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukugadzira mabhatiri eEV, nekuti magadzirirwo emabhatiri aripo aida ma cathode achishandisa chinhu ichi chisina kugadzirwa. Zvisinei, izvi zvava kuda kuchinja. Lithium hydroxide chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira ma cathode emabhatiri, asi parizvino chiri mudiki pane lithium carbonate. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chigadzirwa chakanyanya kunaka kupfuura lithium carbonate, chinoshandiswawo nevagadziri vemabhatiri vakuru, vari kukwikwidzana neindasitiri yemafuta emumaindasitiri kuti vawane chinhu chimwe chete chisina kugadzirwa. Saka, zvinhu zve lithium hydroxide zvinotarisirwa kuti zvichava zvishoma.
Mabhenefiti makuru e lithium hydroxide battery cathodes kana tichienzanisa nemamwe makemikari anosanganisira simba riri nani (simba rakawanda rebhatiri), hupenyu hurefu uye kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, kudiwa kwemabhatiri anochajwa zvakare kwakaratidza kukura kwakasimba mumakore ese e2010, nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemabhatiri makuru e-lithium-ion muzvishandiso zvemotokari. Muna 2019, mabhatiri anochajwa zvakare akaita 54% yehuwandu hwese hwe lithium, hunenge hwaibva chete pahunyanzvi hwemabhatiri eLi-ion. Kunyangwe kuwedzera nekukurumidza kwekutengesa mota dzehybrid nemagetsi kwakatungamira kutarisiro kune zvinodiwa zve lithium compounds, kuderera kwekutengesa muhafu yechipiri ya2019 muChina - musika mukuru weEVs - uye kudzikira kwekutengesa pasi rose kwakakonzerwa nekuvharirwa kwakabatana nedenda reCOVID-19 muhafu yekutanga ya2020 kwakaisa 'mabhureki' enguva pfupi pakukura kwekuda kwe lithium, nekukanganisa kudiwa kwemabhatiri nemashandisirwo emaindasitiri. Mamiriro ezvinhu enguva refu anoramba achiratidza kukura kwakasimba kwekuda kwe lithium mumakore gumi anotevera, zvisinei, neRoskill ichifanotaura kuti kudiwa kuchapfuura 1.0Mt LCE muna 2027, nekukura kuchipfuura 18% pagore kusvika muna 2030.
Izvi zvinoratidza mafambiro ekudyara mari yakawanda mukugadzirwa kweLiOH zvichienzaniswa neLiCO3; uye apa ndipo panoshanda sosi yelithium: dombo respodumene rinochinjika zvakanyanya maererano nemaitiro ekugadzira. Zvinobvumira kugadzirwa kweLiOH kuri nyore asi kushandiswa kwelithium brine kunowanzo tungamira kuburikidza neLiCO3 semurevereri wekugadzira LiOH. Saka, mutengo wekugadzira weLiOH wakaderera zvakanyanya nespodumene senzvimbo yemvura panzvimbo pemvura ine hunyoro. Zviri pachena kuti, nehuwandu hwakawanda hwemvura ine hunyoro hwelithium huripo pasi rose, pakupedzisira matekinoroji matsva ekugadzira anofanira kugadzirwa kuti ashandise sosi iyi zvinobudirira. Nemakambani akasiyana-siyana ari kuferefeta maitiro matsva tichazoona izvi zvichiuya, asi parizvino, spodumene inzira yakachengeteka.
