Ka Noiʻi a me ka ʻIke ʻana
Me he mea lā e noho ana ka lithium a me ka lithium hydroxides ma aneʻi, no kēia manawa: ʻoiai ka noiʻi nui ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ma ka ʻaoʻao e hiki ke pani i ka lithium ma ke ʻano he poloka kūkulu no ka ʻenehana pila hou.
Ua emi iho nā kumukūʻai o ka lithium hydroxide (LiOH) a me ka lithium carbonate (LiCO3) i nā mahina i hala iho nei a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mākeke i hala koke nei ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ma ka ʻaoʻao e hiki ke pani i ka lithium ma ke ʻano he poloka kūkulu no ka ʻenehana pila hou i loko o nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai mai nā mea hana o nā ʻano hana pākahi lithium like ʻole, aia ka diabolo i nā kikoʻī a ma aneʻi kahi e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e hoʻomaikaʻi mālie i ka nui o ka ikehu, ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o nā cell.
Me ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana o nā kaʻa uila hou (EV) i kēlā me kēia pule, ke ʻimi nei ka ʻoihana i nā kumu hilinaʻi a me nā ʻenehana. No kēlā mau mea hana kaʻa, ʻaʻohe mea nui ka mea e hana nei ma nā keʻena noiʻi. Pono lākou i nā huahana ma aneʻi a i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka lithium carbonate a i ka lithium hydroxide
A hiki i kēia manawa koke nei, ʻo ka lithium carbonate ke kikowaena o nā mea hana he nui o nā pila EV, no ka mea, ua koi ʻia nā hoʻolālā pila e kū nei no nā cathodes e hoʻohana ana i kēia mea maka. Eia naʻe, e loli ana kēia. ʻO ka Lithium hydroxide kekahi mea maka koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā cathodes pila, akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka lako ma mua o ka lithium carbonate i kēia manawa. ʻOiai he huahana niche ia ma mua o ka lithium carbonate, hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi e nā mea hana pila nui, e hoʻokūkū nei me ka ʻoihana lubricant ʻoihana no ka mea maka like. No laila, manaʻo ʻia e lilo ka lako o ka lithium hydroxide i mea kakaikahi.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi nui o nā cathodes pākahiko lithium hydroxide e pili ana i nā pūhui kemika ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana me ka nui o ka mana (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana o ka pākahiko), ke ola lōʻihi a me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana i hoʻonui ʻia.
No kēia kumu, ua hōʻike ka noi mai ka ʻoihana pākahiko rechargeable i ka ulu ikaika i nā makahiki 2010, me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pākahiko lithium-ion nui aʻe i nā noi kaʻa. I ka makahiki 2019, ua helu ʻia nā pākahiko rechargeable no 54% o ka nui o ke koi lithium, kokoke loa mai nā ʻenehana pākahiko Li-ion. ʻOiai ʻo ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa hybrid a me nā kaʻa uila ua kuhikuhi i ka nānā ʻana i ke koi no nā hui lithium, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kūʻai aku i ka hapa lua o 2019 ma Kina - ka mākeke nui loa no nā EV - a me ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ma ka honua i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā laka e pili ana i ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 i ka hapa mua o 2020 ua kau i nā 'brakes' pōkole ma ka ulu ʻana o ke koi lithium, ma ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ke koi mai nā noi pākahiko a me nā ʻoihana. Ke hoʻomau nei nā hiʻohiʻona lōʻihi e hōʻike i ka ulu ikaika no ke koi lithium i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, akā naʻe, me Roskill e wānana ana i ke koi e ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.0Mt LCE i ka makahiki 2027, me ka ulu ʻana ma mua o 18% i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 2030.
Hōʻike kēia i ke ʻano e hoʻopukapuka hou aku i ka hana ʻana o LiOH i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me LiCO3; a ma aneʻi kahi e komo ai ke kumu lithium: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pōhaku spodumene ma ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana. Hāʻawi ia i kahi hana maʻalahi o LiOH ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lithium brine e alakaʻi maʻamau ma o LiCO3 ma ke ʻano he waena e hana ai iā LiOH. No laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai hana o LiOH me ka spodumene ma ke ʻano he kumu ma kahi o ka brine. Ua maopopo, me ka nui o ka lithium brine i loaʻa i ka honua, i ka hopena, pono e hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻenehana hana hou e hoʻopili pono i kēia kumu. Me nā hui like ʻole e noiʻi ana i nā kaʻina hana hou e ʻike hope mākou i kēia e hiki mai ana, akā i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka spodumene.
