Te Rangahau me te Kitenga
Te āhua nei kei konei tonu te konukōre me ngā hauwai konukōre i tēnei wā: ahakoa te rangahau nui me ngā rauemi rerekē, kāore he mea kei te pae tawhiti hei whakakapi i te konukōre hei poraka hanga mō te hangarau pākahiko o ēnei rā.
Kua heke haere ngā utu o te lithium hydroxide (LiOH) me te lithium carbonate (LiCO3) i ngā marama kua taha ake nei, ā, kāore te hurihanga o te mākete i ēnei rā e whakapai ake i te āhuatanga. Heoi, ahakoa te rangahau whānui mō ngā rauemi rerekē, kāore he mea kei te pae tawhiti hei whakakapi i te lithium hei poraka hanga mō te hangarau pākahiko hou i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei. E mōhio ana tātou mai i ngā kaihanga o ngā momo hanganga pākahiko lithium, kei roto i ngā taipitopito te raruraru, ā, koinei te wāhi e whiwhi ai i te wheako hei whakapai ake i te kiato pūngao, te kounga me te haumaru o ngā pūtau.
I te mea e whakaurua mai ana ngā waka hiko hou (EV) tata ki te wiki, kei te rapu te umanga i ngā puna pono me ngā hangarau. Mō ngā kaihanga motuka, kāore he pānga ki ngā mea e tupu ana i roto i ngā taiwhanga rangahau. E hiahia ana rātou ki ngā hua i konei, i nāianei tonu.
Te nekehanga mai i te lithium carbonate ki te lithium hydroxide
Tae noa ki ēnei wā tata nei, ko te konukōhatu lithium te kaupapa matua a te tini o ngā kaihanga pākahiko EV, nā te mea i whakamahia ngā katote hei whakamahi i tēnei rauemi mata i roto i ngā hoahoa pākahiko o nāianei. Heoi, kei te tata te huri o tēnei. He rauemi mata nui anō hoki te konukōhatu lithium i roto i te hanga o ngā katote pākahiko, engari he iti ake te tuku i tēnei wā i te konukōhatu lithium. Ahakoa he hua motuhake ake i te konukōhatu lithium, e whakamahia ana hoki e ngā kaihanga pākahiko nui, e whakataetae ana ki te umanga hinu whakahinuhinu ahumahi mō taua rauemi mata. Nō reira, e matapaetia ana ka nui haere te onge o ngā tuku konukōhatu lithium i muri mai.
Ko ngā painga matua o ngā katote pākahiko lithium hydroxide ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu matū ko te kiato mana pai ake (he nui ake te kaha o te pākahiko), he roa ake te huringa ora me ngā āhuatanga haumaru kua whakarei ake.
Nā tēnei take, kua kitea te tipu kaha o te tono mai i te umanga pākahiko ka taea te whakahou i roto i ngā tau 2010, me te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion nui ake i roto i ngā tono motuka. I te tau 2019, ko ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou i te 54% o te katoa o te tono lithium, tata katoa mai i ngā hangarau pākahiko Li-ion. Ahakoa te tere o te pikinga o ngā hoko waka ranu me te hiko kua aro ki te hiahia mō ngā matū lithium, ko te hekenga o ngā hoko i te haurua tuarua o te tau 2019 i Haina - te mākete nui rawa atu mō ngā EV - me te hekenga o ngā hoko o te ao i puta mai i ngā rāhui e pā ana ki te mate urutā COVID-19 i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2020 kua aukati i te tipu o te tono lithium mō te wā poto, mā te pā ki te tono mai i ngā tono pākahiko me ngā tono ahumahi. Heoi, kei te whakaatu tonu ngā āhuatanga roa i te tipu kaha mō te tono lithium i roto i te tekau tau e haere ake nei, me te matapae a Roskill ka neke ake te tono i te 1.0Mt LCE i te tau 2027, me te tipu neke atu i te 18% ia tau ki te tau 2030.
E whakaatu ana tēnei i te ia o te haumi nui atu ki te hanga LiOH ki te whakarite ki te LiCO3; ā, koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi mai ai te pūtake lithium: he tino ngāwari ake te toka spodumene i roto i ngā tikanga whakaputa. Ka taea te whakaputa LiOH kia māmā ake, ko te whakamahinga o te tote lithium te tikanga ka arahi mā LiCO3 hei takawaenga ki te whakaputa LiOH. Nō reira, he iti ake te utu whakaputa o LiOH me te spodumene hei pūtake kaua ki te tote. He mārama, me te nui o te tote lithium e wātea ana i te ao, ā, i te mutunga me whakawhanake he hangarau tukanga hou hei whakamahi pai i tēnei pūtake. I te mea he maha ngā kamupene e rangahau ana i ngā tukanga hou, ka kite tātou i tēnei e haere mai ana, engari i nāianei, he pai ake te spodumene.
