Umthuthukisi wezimayini ezinkulu kakhulu zaseGreenland: Izikhulu zase-US naseDenmark zanxenxa ngonyaka odlule ukuthi zingathengisi imayini yeTambliz engavamile ezinkampanini zaseShayina
[Umbhalo/Inethiwekhi Yombukeli uXiong Chaoran]
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usesikhathini sakhe sokuqala ehhovisi noma muva nje, uMongameli okhethiwe wase-US uTrump ubelokhu ekhuthaza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuthengwa kweGreenland”, futhi izinhloso zakhe mayelana nemithombo yemvelo kanye nokubhekana neChina sekusobala.
Ngokusho kombiko we-Reuters ngesikhathi sendawo sangoJanuwari 9, uGreg Barnes, i-CEO ye-Tanbreez Mining, umthuthukisi omkhulu wezimbiwa ezingavamile eGreenland, wembule ukuthi izikhulu ezivela e-United States naseDenmark zanxenxa inkampani ngonyaka odlule ukuthi ingathengisi amaphrojekthi ayo ezinkampanini ezixhumene neShayina. Uthe inkampani yakhe ibilokhu ixoxisana njalo ne-United States ukuze kuhlolwe izinketho zezimali zokuthuthukisa izimbiwa ezibalulekile eGreenland.
Ekugcineni, uBarnes wathengisela iKritiko Metals, enendlunkulu eNew York, e-USA, ubunikazi bemayini yomhlaba engavamile yaseTamblitz, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ezigcina umhlaba ongavamile, i-Kritiko Metals, enendlunkulu yayo eNew York, e-USA, ubunikazi bayo buphansi kakhulu kunebhidi lenkampani yaseShayina.
Umbiko ukholelwa ukuthi lesi sinyathelo siqokomisa ukuthi izikhulu zase-US bezilokhu zinentshisekelo yezomnotho yesikhathi eside endaweni ezimele yaseDenmark kudala ngaphambi kokuba uTrump aqale ukucabanga ngokuthenga iGreenland emasontweni amuva nje. Abahlaziyi bakholelwa nokuthi i-United States ibonakala izama ukushintsha "imithetho yomdlalo" yamaphrojekthi e-rare earth. Izikhulu zase-US zizama ukunciphisa ithonya laseShayina eCentral African Copper Belt ecebile ngamaminerali ngokulawula iGreenland.
UBarnes, i-CEO ye-Tanbreez Mining ephethwe ngasese, uthe izikhulu zase-US zivakashele eningizimu yeGreenland kabili ngonyaka odlule, lapho kutholakala khona iphrojekthi ye-Tanbreez, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ezitholakala emhlabeni.
Lezi zikhulu zaseMelika ziye zaya lapho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze zidlulisele umyalezo ku-Tamblitz Mining entula imali: Ungathengisi izimbiwa ezinkulu kubathengi abanobudlelwano neShayina.
I-Reuters ayikwazanga ukufinyelela ngokushesha uMnyango Wezwe wase-US ukuze iphawule ngalo mbiko. I-White House ayizange iphendule esicelweni sokuphawula kanti uMnyango Wezangaphandle waseDenmark wenqabile ukuphawula.
Ekugcineni, uBarnes wathengisa ubunikazi bemayini yaseTambriz kwiCritical Metals ese-New York esivumelwaneni esiyinkimbinkimbi esizophothulwa kamuva kulo nyaka, okunikeza iCritical Metals ukulawula enye yezindawo zokugcina umhlaba ezingavamile ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Global Geological and Mineral Information System yoMnyango Wezinsiza Zemvelo, okuqukethwe yi-rare earth oxide (TREO) okuphelele kwephrojekthi ye-Tambliz kungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-28.2. Ngokusekelwe kulo mthamo wemithombo, i-Tambliz isivele ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ezitholakala emhlabeni ezitholakala emhlabeni, ezinamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.7 ze-ore. Ama-rare earth oxide asindayo asediphozithini abiza u-27% we-rare earth oxides iyonke, futhi inani le-rare earth oxides esindayo liphakeme kunelezinto ezilula ezitholakala emhlabeni ezitholakala emhlabeni. Uma selifakiwe ekukhiqizweni, imayini ingahlinzeka ngezinto ezitholakala emhlabeni ezitholakala eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. I-Financial Times iphinde yaveza ukuthi kulinganiselwa ukuthi iGreenland inamathani ayizigidi ezingu-38.5 umhlaba ongavamile ama-oxide, kuyilapho inani eliphelele lamanzi agciniwe emhlabeni wonke lingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-120.
Ulwazi oluvezwe nguTony Sage, i-CEO yomthengi wokugcina, iCretico Metals, luthakazelisa nakakhulu.
“Kwakukhona ingcindezi enkulu yokuthi kungadayiswa (i-Tambriz Mining) eShayina,” kusho uSage. UBarnes wamukele imali engu-$5 million kanye ne-$211 million kumasheya eKritiko Metals njengenkokhelo yalo msebenzi, intengo ephansi kakhulu kunesicelo senkampani yaseShayina.
Ngokusho kombiko, uBarnes uthe ukuthengwa kwakungahlobene neminikelo evela eShayina nakwamanye ngoba iminikelo ayizange ichaze ngokucacile ukuthi kufanele ikhokhwe kanjani. UBarnes noSaich abazange badalule ukuthi yiziphi izikhulu zase-US abahlangane nazo noma igama lenkampani yaseShayina eyenze iminikelo.
Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, iKritiko Metals yafaka isicelo kuMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US sokuthola imali yokuthuthukisa izindawo zokucubungula umhlaba ongavamile. Nakuba inqubo yokubuyekeza imisiwe okwamanje, uSaich ulindele ukuthi inqubo izoqala kabusha ngemva kokuba uTrump ethathe izintambo. Uphinde wembula ukuthi inkampani yakhe ibilokhu ixoxisana ngempahla nosonkontileka wezokuvikela uLockheed Martin futhi isizoxoxisana noRaytheon kanye neBoeing. Eqinisweni, umtshali-zimali wesithathu omkhulu weKritiko Metals yi-American Jianda Company, i-CEO yayo enguHoward Lutnick, oqokwe nguTrump njengoNobhala Wezohwebo wase-US olandelayo.
I-Rare earth iyisisetshenziswa esilula esingavuseleleki, igama elijwayelekile lezinto zensimbi ezingu-17, ezaziwa ngokuthi “i-MSG yezimboni”, futhi zidonsele ukunaka okukhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi emikhakheni yamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bezempi. Umbiko wocwaningo lwe-US Congress wake wembula ukuthi izikhali zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zase-US zincike kakhulu emhlabeni ongavamile. Isibonelo, indiza yokulwa ye-F-35 idinga amakhilogremu angu-417 ezinto zomhlaba ongavamile, kuyilapho umkhumbi-ngwenya wenuzi usebenzisa amathani angaphezu kwangu-4 omhlaba ongavamile.
I-Reuters ikhombe ukuthi ukubaluleka kanye nesidingo se-rare earths kubangele ukuncintisana okukhulu phakathi kwamaqembu aseNtshonalanga anesithakazelo ngokumelene neChina, okwenza buthaka ukulawula kweShayina okucishe kuphelele ekumbiweni nasekucutshungulweni kwe-rare earths. IShayina ingumkhiqizi nomthengisi we-rare earths ohamba phambili emhlabeni, futhi okwamanje ilawula cishe u-90% wokunikezwa komhlaba ongavamile emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, amanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga njenge-United States akhathazekile kakhulu ngokuthi "azominyaniswa" yiShayina, futhi muva nje abeke ukubaluleka okukhulu ekutholeni nasekukwakheni uchungechunge olusha lokunikezwa komhlaba ongavamile.
Lo mbiko ucaphune abahlaziyi bethi amaphrojekthi afana neTambliz ayengabhekwa njengakhanga ukutshalwa kwezimali ngaphambili, kodwa i-United States ibonakala izama ukushintsha “imithetho yomdlalo” yamaphrojekthi e-rare earth. Ukuthengiswa kobunikazi bephrojekthi yeTambliz enkampanini yase-US kukhombisa ukuthi izikhulu zase-US zizama ukunciphisa ithonya laseShayina ebhandeni lethusi laseCentral Africa elicebile ngamaminerali ngokulawula iGreenland.
UDwayne Menezes, umqondisi we-Polar Research and Policy Initiative (PRPI) eseLondon, ukholelwa ukuthi nakuba iGreenland ithi “ayithengiswa,” iyayamukela imisebenzi yezentengiselwano kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okuvela e-United States.
IGreenland itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, phakathi koLwandlekazi i-Arctic noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Yisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esinabantu ababalelwa ku-60,000. Sake saba yikoloni laseDenmark futhi sathola ukuzibusa ngo-1979. Sinephalamende laso. Lesi siqhingi, esimbozwe kakhulu yiqhwa, sinemithombo yemvelo ecebile kakhulu, kanti imithombo yaso kawoyela negesi yemvelo esogwini kanye nasogwini nayo inkulu. Lesi siqhingi sizimele, kodwa izinqumo zaso zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kanye nezokuphepha zenziwa yiDenmark.
Ngo-Agasti 2019, uMongameli wase-US ngaleso sikhathi uTrump wadalulwa ukuthi waxoxa ngasese nabeluleki ngokuthengwa kweGreenland, indawo ezimele yaseDenmark, kodwa uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseGreenland u-Ane Lone Bagger wenqaba lo mbono: “Sivulelekile ebhizinisini, kodwa iGreenland ‘ayithengiswa’.”
Ngomhlaka-25 Novemba 2024, u-Alexander B. Gray, isikhulu esiphezulu kwi-American Foreign Policy Council (AFPC) kanye nowayengumphathi wabasebenzi be-White House National Security Council kuhulumeni kaTrump, washicilela isihloko sombono ku-Wall Street Journal ethi ngemuva kokuqala ihlandla lakhe lesibili, uTrump kufanele aqhubeke nebhizinisi lakhe elingakaqedwa - ukuthenga iGreenland.
UGray ukholelwa ukuthi iGreenland “ifuna ukuzimela” kanti i-United States “ibikufisa isikhathi eside”, kodwa isizathu esikhulu kuseyiShayina neRussia. Uphakamise ukuthi izenzo zeShayina neRussia esifundeni sase-Arctic eminyakeni yamuva kufanele zibangele “ukukhathazeka okukhulu”, ikakhulukazi njengoba iGreenland inemithombo yemvelo ecebile njengegolide, isiliva, ithusi, uwoyela, i-uranium, kanye namaminerali angavamile omhlaba, “okunikeza amathuba abaphikisi”, futhi iGreenland ayikwazi ukulwa yodwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, wasikisela ukuthi uTrump kufanele afinyelele lesi “sivumelwano sekhulu leminyaka” ukuze avimbele izinsongo kwezokuphepha kanye nezintshisekelo zezomnotho zaseNtshonalanga. Waphinde wacabanga ukuthi i-United States ingazama ukulingisa “i-Compact of Free Association” eyafinyelelwa namazwe aseziqhingini zaseNingizimu Pacific futhi yakhe ubudlelwano obubizwa ngokuthi “izwe elixhumene ngokukhululeka” neGreenland.
Njengoba bekulindelekile, uTrump wayelangazelela ukufungiswa ngokusemthethweni futhi wasongela "ukuthola iGreenland" izikhathi eziningana. Ngomhlaka-7 Januwari, ngesikhathi sendawo, izinsongo zikaTrump zokusebenzisa amandla ukulawula iGreenland zaba yizihloko zezindaba ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Enkulumweni yakhe eMar-a-Lago, wenqaba ukuqeda amathuba "okulawula iPanama Canal neGreenland ngokuphoqelelwa kwezempi noma kwezomnotho." Ngalo lolo suku, indodana endala kaTrump, uDonald Trump Jr., nayo yavakashela iGreenland ngasese.
I-Reuters ichaze uchungechunge lwamazwi kaTrump njengolubonisa ukuthi uzolandela inqubomgomo yezangaphandle ephikisana kakhulu engawunaki umkhuba wendabuko wezobunhloli.
Ephendula ukusongela kukaTrump ngamandla, uNdunankulu waseDenmark uMette Frederiksen uthe engxoxweni ne-media TV2 yaseDenmark ukuthi i-United States “iyilungu elibaluleke kakhulu neliseduze kakhulu” laseDenmark futhi akakholelwa ukuthi i-United States izosebenzisa izindlela zempi noma zomnotho ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kweGreenland. Uphinde wathi uyakwamukela ukuthi i-United States itshale inzalo eyengeziwe esifundeni sase-Arctic, kodwa lokhu “kumele kwenziwe ngendlela ehlonipha abantu baseGreenland.”
“Indawo uhulumeni aqala kuyo icacile kakhulu: ikusasa leGreenland kufanele linqunywe ngabantu baseGreenland, kanti iGreenland ingeyabaseGreenland,” kugcizelela uFrederiksen.
“Ake ngisho futhi, iGreenland ingeyabantu baseGreenland. Ikusasa lethu kanye nokulwela kwethu ukuzimela kuyindaba yethu.” NgoJanuwari 7 ngesikhathi sendawo, uMute Bourup Egede, uNdunankulu weGreenland Autonomous Government, uthe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana: “Nakuba abanye, okuhlanganisa namaDane namaMelika, benelungelo lokuveza imibono yabo, akufanele sithinteke yizinkolelo-ze noma sivumele ingcindezi yangaphandle isiphoqelele ukuba siphambuke endleleni yethu. Ikusasa lingelethu futhi sizolibumba.” U-Egede uphinde wathi uhulumeni wakhe usebenzela ukuhlukana kweGreenland neDenmark ekugcineni.
Lesi sihloko siyisihloko esikhethekile se-Observer.