Babban mai haƙar ma'adinai na ƙasa mai yawan gaske a Greenland: Jami'an Amurka da Denmark sun yi zanga-zanga a bara don kada a sayar da ma'adinan ƙasa mai yawan gaske na Tambliz ga kamfanonin China
[Rubutu/Cibiyar Masu Kulawa ta Xiong Chaoran]
Ko a wa'adinsa na farko a kan mulki ko kwanan nan, zababben shugaban Amurka Trump ya ci gaba da yin tsokaci kan abin da ake kira "sayen Greenland", kuma manufofinsa game da albarkatun ƙasa da kuma fafatawa da China sun bayyana a fili.
A cewar wani rahoto na Reuters a ranar 9 ga Janairu, agogon yankin, Greg Barnes, shugaban kamfanin Tanbreez Mining, babban mai haɓaka ma'adinan ƙasa na Greenland, ya bayyana cewa jami'ai daga Amurka da Denmark sun yi wa kamfanin roƙon kada ya sayar da ayyukansa ga kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da China. Ya ce kamfaninsa yana tattaunawa akai-akai da Amurka don tantance zaɓuɓɓukan kuɗi don haɓaka ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a Greenland.
A ƙarshe, Barnes ya sayar da mallakar ma'adinan Tamblitz rare earth, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adinan ƙasa mafi tsada a duniya, ga Kritiko Metals, hedikwata a New York, Amurka. A cewar kamfanin na Amurka, farashin da ya biya ya yi ƙasa da tayin kamfanin na China.
Rahoton ya yi imanin cewa wannan matakin ya nuna cewa jami'an Amurka sun daɗe suna da sha'awar tattalin arziki a yankin Denmark mai cin gashin kansa tun kafin Trump ya fara tunanin mallakar Greenland a cikin 'yan makonnin nan. Masu sharhi kuma sun yi imanin cewa Amurka tana ƙoƙarin canza "ƙa'idodin wasa" don ayyukan ƙasa marasa iyaka. Jami'an Amurka suna ƙoƙarin rage tasirin China akan Belt ɗin Tagulla na Tsakiyar Afirka mai arzikin ma'adinai ta hanyar sarrafa Greenland.
Barnes, babban jami'in kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Tanbreez Mining, ya ce jami'an Amurka sun ziyarci kudancin Greenland sau biyu a bara, inda aikin Tanbreez, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren adana albarkatun kasa na duniya, yake.
Waɗannan jami'an Amurka sun yi ta tafiya can akai-akai don isar da saƙo ga Tamblitz Mining mai ƙarancin kuɗi: Kada ku sayar da babban ma'adinan ga masu siye waɗanda ke da alaƙa da China.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters bai sami damar tuntuɓar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka nan take don jin ta bakinta game da rahoton ba. Fadar White House ba ta amsa buƙatar yin tsokaci ba kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Denmark ta ƙi yin tsokaci.
A ƙarshe, Barnes ya sayar da mallakar ma'adinan Tambriz ga Critical Metals da ke New York a cikin wata yarjejeniya mai sarkakiya wadda za a kammala daga baya a wannan shekarar, wadda ta bai wa Critical Metals iko kan ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adinan ƙasa mafiya tsada a duniya.
A cewar bayanai daga Tsarin Bayanai na Kasa da Kasa na Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa, jimillar sinadarin oxide na ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (TREO) da ke cikin aikin Tambliz ya kai tan miliyan 28.2. Dangane da wannan adadin albarkatun ƙasa, Tambliz ta riga ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adanai na ƙasa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi a duniya, tare da tan biliyan 4.7 na ma'adinai. Manyan oxides na ƙasa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin ma'adinan sun kai kashi 27% na jimlar oxides na ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, kuma ƙimar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ta fi ta abubuwan ƙasa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi. Da zarar an samar da su, ma'adinan zai iya samar da abubuwan ƙasa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi da Turai da Arewacin Amurka ke buƙata. Jaridar Financial Times ta kuma nuna cewa an kiyasta cewa Greenland tana da tan miliyan 38.5 na ƙasa mai wuya oxides, yayin da jimillar ajiyar da ake yi a sauran sassan duniya ta kai tan miliyan 120.
Bayanin da Tony Sage, shugaban kamfanin Cretico Metals, ya bayyana ya fi ban sha'awa.
"An yi matsin lamba sosai kan kada a sayar wa China (Tambriz Mining)," in ji Sage, in ji Barnes ya karɓi tsabar kuɗi dala miliyan 5 da kuma hannun jarin Kritiko Metals miliyan 211 a matsayin kuɗin aikin, farashin da ya yi ƙasa da tayin kamfanin China.
A cewar rahoton, Barnes ya yi ikirarin cewa sayen ba shi da alaƙa da tayin da China da wasu suka yi, domin tayin bai bayyana yadda za a biya ba. Barnes ko Saich ba su bayyana jami'an Amurka da suka gana da su ba ko kuma sunan kamfanin China da ya yi tayin.
Tun a shekarar da ta gabata, Kritiko Metals ta nemi tallafin kuɗi daga Ma'aikatar Tsaron Amurka don haɓaka cibiyoyin sarrafa ƙasa marasa galihu. Duk da cewa tsarin bitar ya tsaya cak a yanzu, Saich yana sa ran cewa tsarin zai ci gaba bayan Trump ya hau mulki. Ya kuma bayyana cewa kamfaninsa ya yi tattaunawar samar da kayayyaki da ɗan kwangilar tsaro Lockheed Martin kuma yana gab da yin shawarwari da Raytheon da Boeing. A gaskiya ma, babban mai zuba jari na uku a Kritiko Metals shine Kamfanin American Jianda, wanda Shugaba Howard Lutnick ne zai zaɓa a matsayin Sakataren Kasuwanci na Amurka na gaba.
Rare earth wata ƙasa ce mai ƙarancin albarkatu ta dabarun da ba za a iya sabunta ta ba, kalma ce ta gabaɗaya ga abubuwa 17 na ƙarfe, waɗanda aka sani da "MSG na masana'antu", kuma sun jawo hankali sosai saboda yawan amfani da su a fannonin makamashi da fasahar zamani ta soja. Wani rahoton bincike na Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka ya taɓa nuna cewa makaman fasaha na Amurka sun dogara sosai kan ƙasa mai wuya. Misali, jirgin yaƙi na F-35 yana buƙatar kilogiram 417 na kayan ƙasa mai wuya, yayin da jirgin ruwa na nukiliya ke amfani da fiye da tan 4 na ƙasa mai wuya.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya nuna cewa muhimmancin da kuma buƙatar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa ya haifar da gasa mai zafi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙasashen yamma da China, don raunana ikon China na kusan kammalawa kan haƙar ma'adinai da sarrafa ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa. China ita ce ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ke samar da ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa kuma tana fitar da ita, kuma a halin yanzu tana da iko da kusan kashi 90% na wadatar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa a duniya. Saboda haka, wasu ƙasashen Yamma kamar Amurka suna cikin damuwa sosai cewa China za ta "shaƙe" su, kuma kwanan nan sun ba da muhimmanci ga gano da gina sabuwar sarkar samar da ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa.
Rahoton ya ambato manazarta suna cewa ayyuka kamar Tambliz ba a taɓa ɗaukar su a matsayin masu jan hankali ga masu zuba jari ba, amma da alama Amurka tana ƙoƙarin canza "ƙa'idodin wasa" don ayyukan ƙasa marasa amfani. Sayar da mallakar aikin Tambliz ga wani kamfanin Amurka ya nuna cewa jami'an Amurka suna ƙoƙarin rage tasirin China akan bel ɗin jan ƙarfe na Afirka ta Tsakiya mai arzikin ma'adinai ta hanyar sarrafa Greenland.
Dwayne Menezes, darektan Cibiyar Bincike da Manufofin Polar da ke Landan (PRPI), ya yi imanin cewa duk da cewa Greenland ta yi iƙirarin cewa ba ta sayarwa ba ce, tana maraba da ayyukan kasuwanci da ƙarin jari daga Amurka.
Greenland tana arewa maso gabashin Arewacin Amurka, tsakanin Tekun Arctic da Tekun Atlantika. Ita ce babbar tsibiri a duniya wacce ke da yawan jama'a kusan 60,000. A da tana mulkin mallaka ne a Denmark kuma ta sami mulkin kanta a shekarar 1979. Tana da majalisar dokokinta. Wannan tsibiri, wanda galibi yake cike da kankara, yana da wadataccen albarkatun ƙasa, kuma tana da arzikin mai da iskar gas na ƙasa a cikin teku da na teku. Tsibirin yana da 'yancin kai, amma Denmark ce ke yanke shawarar manufofin ƙasashen waje da tsaro.
A watan Agusta na 2019, an fallasa Shugaba Trump na Amurka a lokacin yana tattaunawa da masu ba shi shawara kan siyan Greenland, wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa na Denmark, amma Ministan Harkokin Wajen Greenland na wancan lokacin Ane Lone Bagger ya ƙi amincewa da ra'ayin: "Muna buɗe don kasuwanci, amma Greenland 'ba ta sayarwa ba ce."
A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 2024, Alexander B. Gray, babban jami'i a Majalisar Manufofin Harkokin Waje ta Amurka (AFPC) kuma tsohon shugaban ma'aikata na Majalisar Tsaron Kasa ta Fadar White House a gwamnatin Trump, ya buga wani labarin ra'ayi a cikin Wall Street Journal yana mai cewa bayan fara wa'adinsa na biyu, ya kamata Trump ya ci gaba da harkokinsa da ba a kammala ba - siyan Greenland.
Gray ya yi imanin cewa Greenland "tana son zama mai 'yancin kai" kuma Amurka ta "yi burinta na dogon lokaci", amma babban dalilin har yanzu shine China da Rasha. Ya yi hasashen cewa ayyukan China da Rasha a yankin Arctic a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kamata su haifar da "babban damuwa", musamman tunda Greenland tana da wadataccen albarkatun ƙasa kamar zinare, azurfa, jan ƙarfe, mai, uranium, da ma'adanai na ƙasa masu wuya, "wanda ke ba da dama ga abokan hamayya", kuma Greenland ba za ta iya yaƙi ita kaɗai ba.
Don haka, ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata Trump ya cimma wannan "yarjejeniyar ƙarni" don hana barazanar tsaro da muradun tattalin arziki na Yamma. Ya kuma yi tunanin cewa Amurka za ta iya ƙoƙarin yin koyi da "Ƙungiyar 'Yanci" da aka cimma tare da ƙasashen tsibirin Kudancin Pacific tare da kafa wata alaƙa da ake kira "ƙasar da ke da alaƙa da 'yanci" da Greenland.
Kamar yadda aka zata, Trump ya kasa jira a rantsar da shi a hukumance kuma ya yi barazanar "sayen Greenland" sau da yawa. A ranar 7 ga Janairu, agogon yankin, barazanar Trump na amfani da karfi don iko da Greenland ta zama kanun labarai a manyan kafofin watsa labarai a duniya. A jawabinsa a Mar-a-Lago, ya ki ya kawar da yiwuwar "samar da iko da Panama Canal da Greenland ta hanyar tilastawa sojoji ko tattalin arziki." A wannan rana, babban ɗan Trump, Donald Trump Jr., shi ma ya kai ziyara ta sirri zuwa Greenland.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya bayyana jerin kalaman Trump a matsayin abin da ke nuna cewa zai bi wata manufa ta ƙasashen waje mai karo da juna wadda ta yi watsi da ɗabi'un diflomasiyya na gargajiya.
A martanin da ta mayar ga barazanar Trump na tilastawa 'yan ta'adda shiga yankin, Firayim Ministar Denmark Mette Frederiksen ta ce a wata hira da ta yi da kafafen yada labarai na Denmark TV2 cewa Amurka ita ce "mafi muhimmanci kuma mafi kusanci ga Denmark" kuma ba ta yi imanin cewa Amurka za ta yi amfani da hanyoyin soja ko tattalin arziki don tabbatar da iko kan Greenland ba. Ta sake nanata cewa tana maraba da Amurka ta zuba jari mai yawa a yankin Arctic, amma "dole ne a yi hakan ta hanyar girmama mutanen Greenland."
Frederiksen ya jaddada cewa "mafarin gwamnati a bayyane yake: ya kamata 'yan Greenlanders su yanke shawara kan makomar Greenland, kuma Greenland ta 'yan Greenlanders ce," in ji Frederiksen.
"Bari in sake faɗi, Greenland ta mutanen Greenland ce. Makomarmu da gwagwarmayarmu ta neman 'yanci su ne harkokinmu." A ranar 7 ga Janairu agogon yankin, Mute Bourup Egede, Firayim Minista na Gwamnatin Greenland mai cin gashin kanta, ya ce a shafukan sada zumunta: "Ko da yake wasu, ciki har da 'yan Denmark da Amurkawa, suna da 'yancin bayyana ra'ayoyinsu, bai kamata mu shagaltu da tsattsauran ra'ayi ko kuma mu bari matsin lamba daga waje ya tilasta mana mu kauce wa hanyarmu ba. Makomar tamu ce kuma za mu tsara ta." Egede ya sake nanata cewa gwamnatinsa tana aiki don rabuwa da Greenland daga Denmark daga ƙarshe.
Wannan labarin wani labari ne na musamman na Observer.