Umphuhlisi omkhulu wemigodi enqabileyo eGreenland: Amagosa ase-US naseDenmark akhuthaze kunyaka ophelileyo ukuba angawuthengisi umgodi onqabileyo waseTambliz kwiinkampani zaseTshayina
[Umbhalo/Inethiwekhi yababukeli uXiong Chaoran]
Nokuba ukwixesha lakhe lokuqala eofisini okanye kutshanje, uMongameli onyuliweyo waseMelika uTrump ebesoloko egxininisa into ebizwa ngokuba “kukuthengwa kweGreenland”, kwaye iinjongo zakhe malunga nezixhobo zendalo kunye nokungqubana neTshayina ziye zacaca.
Ngokwengxelo yeReuters nge-9 kaJanuwari ngexesha lendawo, uGreg Barnes, i-CEO yeTanbreez Mining, umphuhlisi omkhulu wezimbiwa ezinqabileyo eGreenland, utyhile ukuba amagosa ase-United States naseDenmark acenge inkampani kunyaka ophelileyo ukuba ingathengisi iiprojekthi zayo kwiinkampani ezinxulumene neTshayina. Uthe inkampani yakhe ibisoloko ithethathethana ne-United States ukuze kuhlolwe iindlela zokuxhasa ngemali ukuphuhlisa izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo eGreenland.
Ekugqibeleni, uBarnes wathengisa ubunini bomgodi womhlaba onqabileyo waseTamblitz, enye yezona ndawo zinkulu emhlabeni, kwiKritiko Metals, enekomkhulu layo eNew York, e-USA. Ngokutsho kwenkampani yaseMelika, ixabiso lokuthengwa kwayo laliphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lenkampani yaseTshayina.
Ingxelo ikholelwa ukuba eli nyathelo libonisa ukuba amagosa ase-US ebenomdla wezoqoqosho ixesha elide kummandla waseDenmark ozimeleyo kudala ngaphambi kokuba uTrump aqale ukucinga ngokufumana iGreenland kwiiveki zakutshanje. Abahlalutyi bakwakholelwa ukuba i-United States ibonakala izama ukutshintsha "imithetho yomdlalo" kwiiprojekthi ze-rare earth. Amagosa ase-US azama ukunciphisa impembelelo yeTshayina kwiCentral African Copper Belt etyebileyo ngezimbiwa ngokulawula iGreenland.
UBarnes, i-CEO yeTanbreez Mining ephethwe ngasese, uthe amagosa ase-US atyelele umzantsi weGreenland kabini kunyaka ophelileyo, apho iprojekthi yeTanbreez, enye yezona ndawo zinkulu zomhlaba ezinqabileyo emhlabeni, ikhoyo.
La magosa aseMelika aye ahamba rhoqo ukuya apho ukuze adlulisele umyalezo kwiTamblitz Mining enengxaki yemali: Musa ukuthengisa izimbiwa ezinkulu kubathengi abanobudlelwane neTshayina.
I-Reuters ayikwazanga ukufikelela kwiSebe leMicimbi yezeLizwe laseMelika ngoko nangoko ukuze inike izimvo ngale ngxelo. I-White House ayizange iphendule kwisicelo sokuphawula kwaye iSebe lezeMicimbi yezeNgaphandle laseDenmark alizange livume ukuphawula.
Ekugqibeleni, uBarnes uthengise ubunini bomgodi waseTambriz kwiCritical Metals ese-New York kwisivumelwano esinzima esiya kugqitywa kamva kulo nyaka, nto leyo enika iCritical Metals ulawulo lwenye yezona ndawo zinkulu emhlabeni ezinqabileyo.
Ngokwedatha evela kwiNkqubo yoLwazi lweGeological and Mineral yeGlobal Geological and Mineral yoMphathiswa wezoBugcisa beNdalo, umxholo we-rare earth oxide (TREO) iyonke kwiprojekthi yeTambliz yi-28.2 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngokusekelwe kolu buninzi bemithombo, iTambliz sele yenye yezona ndawo zinkulu emhlabeni ezinqabileyo, ezineetoni ze-4.7 zeebhiliyoni zeetoni ze-ore. Ii-rare earth oxides ezinzima kwidiphozithi zibiza i-27% yee-rare earth oxides zizonke, kwaye ixabiso le-rare earths ezinzima liphezulu kunelezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezikhanyayo. Nje ukuba ibekwe kwimveliso, umgodi unokubonelela ngezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifunekayo eYurophu naseMntla Melika. I-Financial Times ikwabonise ukuba kuqikelelwa ukuba iGreenland ineetoni ze-38.5 yezigidi zeetoni ze- umhlaba ongaqhelekanga ii-oxides, ngelixa iindawo ezigciniweyo kwihlabathi liphela ziyi-120 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ulwazi olutyhilwe nguTony Sage, i-CEO yomthengi wokugqibela, iCretico Metals, lunomdla ngakumbi.
“Bekukho uxinzelelo olukhulu lokuba kungathengiswa (iTambriz Mining) eTshayina,” utshilo uSage uBarnes ukuba wamkele i-$5 yezigidi zemali kunye ne-$211 yezigidi kwizabelo zeKritiko Metals njengentlawulo yale projekthi, ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunelo lenkampani yaseTshayina.
Ngokwengxelo, uBarnes uthi ukuthengwa kwale nkampani akunxulumenenga nezibonelelo ezivela eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe kuba izibonelelo azizange zichaze ngokucacileyo indlela yokuhlawula. UBarnes noSaich abazange batyhile ukuba zeziphi izikhulu zase-US abadibene nazo okanye igama lenkampani yaseTshayina eyenze esi sibonelelo.
Kwasekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo, iKritiko Metals yafaka isicelo kwiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-US sokuba ifumane imali yokuphuhlisa izixhobo zokucubungula umhlaba onqabileyo. Nangona inkqubo yokuhlaziya imisiwe okwangoku, uSaich ulindele ukuba le nkqubo iqhubeke emva kokuba uTrump ethathe i-ofisi. Ukwatyhile ukuba inkampani yakhe ibibambe iingxoxo zokubonelela ngempahla nomphathi wokhuselo uLockheed Martin kwaye sele eza kuthetha noRaytheon kunye neBoeing. Enyanisweni, umtyali-mali wesithathu omkhulu weKritiko Metals yiAmerican Jianda Company, ene-CEO yayo uHoward Lutnick, otyunjwe nguTrump njengoNobhala wezoRhwebo wase-US olandelayo.
I-Rare earth sisixhobo esinqabileyo esingenakuhlaziywa, igama eliqhelekileyo lezinto zesinyithi ezili-17, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-"industrial MSG", kwaye zitsale ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kwicandelo lamandla kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bomkhosi. Ingxelo yophando ye-US Congressional yakhe yatyhila ukuba izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zase-US zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-rare earths. Umzekelo, inqwelo yokulwa ye-F-35 ifuna iikhilogram ezingama-417 zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ngelixa inqanawa yenyukliya isebenzisa ngaphezulu kweetoni ezi-4 zomhlaba onqabileyo.
I-Reuters ibonise ukuba ukubaluleka kunye nemfuneko yemihlaba enqabileyo kubangele ukhuphiswano olukhulu phakathi kwamaqela anomdla aseNtshona nxamnye neTshayina, ukuze buthathaka ulawulo lweTshayina oluphantse lube pheleleyo malunga nokumbiwa kunye nokucutshungulwa kwemihlaba enqabileyo. ITshayina ngumvelisi oyintloko kunye nomthengisi wemihlaba enqabileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye okwangoku ilawula malunga ne-90% yobonelelo lwemihlaba enqabileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ke ngoko, amanye amazwe aseNtshona afana ne-United States axhalabile kakhulu ukuba aza "kuxinwa" yiTshayina, kwaye kutshanje agxininise ukubaluleka okukhulu ekufumaneni nasekwakheni uthotho olutsha lobonelelo lwemihlaba enqabileyo.
Ingxelo icaphule abahlalutyi besithi iiprojekthi ezifana neTambliz bezingakhange zithathwe njengezinomtsalane kutyalo-mali ngaphambili, kodwa i-United States ibonakala izama ukutshintsha "imithetho yomdlalo" kwiiprojekthi ze-rare earth. Ukuthengiswa kobunini beprojekthi yeTambliz kwinkampani yase-US kubonisa ukuba amagosa ase-US azama ukunciphisa impembelelo yeTshayina kwibhanti yobhedu etyebileyo kwi-Central Africa ngokulawula iGreenland.
UDwayne Menezes, umlawuli wePolar Research and Policy Initiative (PRPI) eseLondon, ukholelwa ukuba nangona iGreenland ithi “ayithengiswa,” iyayamkela imisebenzi yorhwebo kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu oluvela eMelika.
IGreenland ikumntla-mpuma weMntla Melika, phakathi koLwandlekazi lweArctic kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki. Sesona siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini esinabemi abamalunga nama-60,000. Sakha saba likoloni laseDenmark kwaye sazilawula ngo-1979. Sinepalamente yaso. Esi siqithi, esigqunywe kakhulu ngumkhenkce, sinobutyebi bendalo obuninzi, kwaye iindawo zaso zokugcina ioyile kunye negesi yendalo ezikunxweme nolwandle nazo zininzi. Esi siqithi sizimele, kodwa izigqibo zaso zomthetho nezangaphandle zenziwa yiDenmark.
Ngo-Agasti 2019, uMongameli wase-US ngelo xesha uTrump wavezwa ukuba uxoxe ngasese nabacebisi ngokuthengwa kweGreenland, indawo ezimeleyo yaseDenmark, kodwa emva koko uMphathiswa Wezangaphandle waseGreenland ngelo xesha u-Ane Lone Bagger wala le ngcinga: “Sivulelekile kushishino, kodwa iGreenland ‘ayithengiswa’.”
Ngomhla wama-25 kweyeNkanga ngo-2024, uAlexander B. Gray, igosa eliphezulu kwi-American Foreign Policy Council (AFPC) kunye nentloko yabasebenzi be-White House National Security Council kulawulo lukaTrump, wapapasha inqaku loluvo kwiWall Street Journal esithi emva kokuqala ixesha lakhe lesibini, uTrump kufuneka aqhubeke neshishini lakhe elingagqitywanga - ukuthenga iGreenland.
UGray ukholelwa ukuba iGreenland “ifuna ukuzimela” kwaye i-United States “ibiyinqwenela ixesha elide”, kodwa esona sizathu sikhulu iseyiTshayina neRashiya. Uthethe wathi izenzo zeTshayina neRashiya kummandla weArctic kwiminyaka yakutshanje kufuneka zibangele “inkxalabo enkulu”, ingakumbi kuba iGreenland inemithombo yendalo etyebileyo efana negolide, isilivere, ubhedu, ioyile, i-uranium, kunye neeminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, “ezibonelela ngamathuba kubachasi”, kwaye iGreenland ayinakulwa yodwa.
Ngenxa yoku, ucebise ukuba uTrump afikelele kwesi “sivumelwano senkulungwane” ukuthintela izoyikiso kukhuseleko lwaseNtshona kunye nomdla kwezoqoqosho. Kwakhona wacinga ukuba i-United States ingazama ukulinganisa “i-Compact of Free Association” efikelelwe kuyo namazwe aseziqhingini zaseMzantsi Pacific kwaye iseke ubudlelwane obubizwa ngokuba “lilizwe elinxulumene ngokukhululekileyo” neGreenland.
Njengoko bekulindelekile, uTrump wayengenakulinda ukufungiswa ngokusesikweni waza wasongela “ngokufumana iGreenland” izihlandlo ezininzi. Ngomhla we-7 kaJanuwari, ngexesha lendawo, izoyikiso zikaTrump zokusebenzisa amandla ukulawula iGreenland zaba ziindaba eziphambili kwiindaba ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kwintetho yakhe eMar-a-Lago, wala ukurhoxisa ithuba “lokulawula iPanama Canal kunye neGreenland ngokunyanzelwa ngumkhosi okanye ngokwezoqoqosho.” Ngaloo mini inye, unyana omkhulu kaTrump, uDonald Trump Jr., naye watyelela eGreenland ngasese.
I-Reuters ichaze uthotho lwamazwi kaTrump njengolubonisa ukuba uza kulandela umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle ojongene nengxabano ongawunakiyo umthetho wendabuko wezopolitiko.
Ephendula kwisongelo sikaTrump sokusebenzisa amandla, iNkulumbuso yaseDenmark uMette Frederiksen uthe kudliwanondlebe neendaba zaseDenmark iTV2 ukuba iMelika “yeyona qabane libalulekileyo nelisondeleyo” laseDenmark kwaye akakholelwa ukuba iMelika iza kusebenzisa iindlela zomkhosi okanye zoqoqosho ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lweGreenland. Uphinde wathi uyayamkela iMelika ukuba ityale umdla ongakumbi kummandla weArctic, kodwa oku “kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela ehlonipha abantu baseGreenland.”
“Indawo urhulumente aqala kuyo icacile kakhulu: ikamva leGreenland kufuneka ligqitywe ngabantu baseGreenland, kwaye iGreenland yeyabemi baseGreenland,” ugxininise watsho uFrederiksen.
“Mandiphinde nditsho, iGreenland yeyabantu baseGreenland. Ikamva lethu kunye nokulwela kwethu inkululeko yimicimbi yethu.” Ngomhla we-7 kweyoMqungu ngexesha lendawo, uMute Bourup Egede, iNkulumbuso yoRhulumente oZimeleyo waseGreenland, uthe kwimidiya yoluntu: “Nangona abanye, kuquka amaDanes namaMerika, benelungelo lokuveza izimvo zabo, akufuneki sitsalwe bubutshaba okanye sivumele uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lusinyanzele ukuba siphambuke endleleni yethu. Ikamva lelethu kwaye siza kulibumba.” UEgede uphinde wathi urhulumente wakhe usebenzela ukuba iGreenland ekugqibeleni yahlukane neDenmark.
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