Ngokuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri amasha wamandla afana namabhethri e-lithium manganate, izinto zawo ezinhle ezisekelwe kuma-manganese zidonsele ukunaka okukhulu. Ngokusekelwe kudatha efanele, umnyango wocwaningo lwemakethe we-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. ufingqe isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yama-manganese yaseShayina ukuze kubhekwe amakhasimende ethu.
1. Ukutholakala kweManganese: Ukuphela kwe-ore kuncike ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi amandla okukhiqiza imikhiqizo ecutshungulwayo agxile kakhulu.
1.1 Uchungechunge lwemboni yeManganese
Imikhiqizo ye-Manganese icebile ngezinhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, futhi inamandla amakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri. Insimbi ye-Manganese imhlophe njengesiliva, iqinile futhi iyaphuka. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-deoxidizer, i-desulfurizer kanye ne-alloying element enqubweni yokwenza insimbi. I-silicon-manganese alloy, i-medium-low carbon ferromanganese kanye ne-high-carbon ferromanganese yimikhiqizo eyinhloko yabathengi be-manganese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-manganese isetshenziswa nasekukhiqizweni kwezinto ze-ternary cathode kanye nezinto ze-lithium manganate cathode, okuyizindawo zokusetshenziswa ezinethuba elikhulu lokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo. I-Manganese ore isetshenziswa kakhulu nge-metallurgical manganese kanye ne-chemical manganese. 1) Upstream: Ukumbiwa kwe-ore kanye nokugqoka. Izinhlobo ze-Manganese ore zifaka i-manganese oxide ore, i-manganese carbonate ore, njll. 2) Ukucubungula kwe-Midstream: Ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili ezinkulu: indlela yobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali kanye nendlela ye-metallurgical. Imikhiqizo efana ne-manganese dioxide, i-metallic manganese, i-ferromanganese kanye ne-silicomanganese icutshungulwa ngokusebenzisa i-sulfuric acid leaching noma ukunciphisa i-electric furnace. 3) Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi zimboza izinsimbi zensimbi, ama-cathode ebhethri, ama-catalyst, imithi kanye neminye imikhakha.
1.2 I-Manganese ore: izinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu zigxile kwamanye amazwe, kanti iShayina ithembele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe
Ama-ore e-manganese omhlaba wonke agxile eNingizimu Afrika, eShayina, e-Australia naseBrazil, kanti izindawo zokugcina i-manganese ore zaseShayina zibekwe endaweni yesibili emhlabeni. Izinsizakusebenza ze-manganese ore zomhlaba wonke ziningi, kodwa zisakazwa ngokungalingani. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Wind, kusukela ngoDisemba 2022, izindawo zokugcina i-manganese ore ezifakazelwe emhlabeni zingamathani ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.7, angu-37.6% awo atholakala eNingizimu Afrika, angu-15.9% eBrazil, angu-15.9% e-Australia, kanye no-8.2% e-Ukraine. Ngo-2022, izindawo zokugcina i-manganese ore zaseShayina zizoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-280, okwenza u-16.5% wenani lomhlaba, kanti izindawo zokugcina i-manganese ore zizoba endaweni yesibili emhlabeni.
Amazinga emithombo ye-manganese ore yomhlaba wonke ayahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi imithombo yekhwalithi ephezulu igcwele phesheya kwezilwandle. Ama-ore acebile nge-manganese (aqukethe i-manganese engaphezu kuka-30%) agcwele eNingizimu Afrika, eGabon, e-Australia naseBrazil. Amazinga e-manganese ore aphakathi kuka-40-50%, kanti izindawo zokugcina zingaphezu kuka-70% wemithombo yomhlaba. I-China ne-Ukraine zithembele kakhulu emithonjeni ye-manganese ore esezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuyinhloko, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese ngokuvamile kungaphansi kuka-30%, futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-manganese ore emhlabeni yiNingizimu Afrika, iGabon ne-Australia, kanti iChina ibala u-6%. Ngokusho komoya, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 kuzoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-20, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-0.5%, kanti kwamanye amazwe kubalwa ngaphezu kuka-90%. Phakathi kwawo, umkhiqizo waseNingizimu Afrika, iGabon ne-Australia ungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.2, 4.6 million kanye no-3.3 million ngokulandelana. Umkhiqizo we-manganese ore waseShayina ungamathani angu-990,000. Ubala u-5% kuphela womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-manganese ore eShayina akungalingani, ikakhulukazi kugxile eGuangxi, eGuizhou nakwezinye izindawo. Ngokusho kwe-“Research on China's Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues” (Ren Hui et al.), ama-manganese ore aseShayina ikakhulukazi ama-manganese carbonate ore, anenani elincane lama-manganese oxide ore kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-ore. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezinsizakusebenza Zemvelo, izinsizakusebenza ze-manganese ore zaseShayina ngo-2022 zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-280. Isifunda esinezindawo zokugcina eziphezulu ze-manganese ore yiGuangxi, enezindawo zokugcina ezingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-120, equkethe ama-43% ezindawo zokugcina zezwe; kulandelwe yiGuizhou, enezindawo zokugcina ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-50, equkethe ama-43% ezindawo zokugcina zezwe. 18%.
Ama-manganese deposit aseShayina mancane ngosayizi futhi anezinga eliphansi. Zimbalwa izimayini ezinkulu ze-manganese eShayina, futhi iningi lazo liyi-lean ores. Ngokusho kwe-“Research on China's Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues” (Ren Hui et al.), izinga elimaphakathi le-manganese ore eShayina licishe libe ngu-22%, okuyizinga eliphansi. Cishe azikho i-manganese ore ecebile ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, futhi i-lean ores ephansi idinga ukuthi isetshenziswe kuphela ngemva kokuthuthukisa izinga ngokucubungula amaminerali.
Ukuthembela kwe-manganese ore eShayina ekungenisweni kwayo cishe kungama-95%. Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemithombo ye-manganese ore yaseShayina, ukungcola okuphezulu, izindleko eziphezulu zokumba, kanye nokulawula okuqinile kokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo embonini yezimayini, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore eShayina kuye kwehla unyaka nonyaka. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-US Geological Survey, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore eShayina kuye kwehla eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule. Ukukhiqizwa kwehle kakhulu kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2018 nango-2021. Ukukhiqizwa kwamanje kwaminyaka yonke kungamathani ayisigidi esisodwa. IShayina ithembele kakhulu ekungenisweni kwe-manganese ore, futhi ukuncika kwayo kwangaphandle kube ngaphezu kwama-95% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Wind, umkhiqizo we-manganese ore eShayina uzoba ngamathani angama-990,000 ngo-2022, kanti ukungeniswa kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-29.89, kanye nokuncika kokungeniswa okuphakeme kufike ku-96.8%.
1.3 I-electrolytic manganese: I-China ikhiqiza u-98% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza ogxile kakhulu
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese kagesi eShayina kugxile kakhulu ezifundazweni eziphakathi nasentshonalanga. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese kagesi eShayina kugxile kakhulu eNingxia, eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou, okubalwa u-31%, 21%, 20% kanye no-12% ngokulandelana. Ngokusho kwe-Steel Industry, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese kagesi eShayina kubangelwa u-98% wokukhiqizwa kwe-manganese kagesi emhlabeni wonke futhi kungumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni we-manganese kagesi.
Imboni ye-manganese ye-electrolytic yaseShayina inomthamo wokukhiqiza ogxile kakhulu, kanti umthamo wokukhiqiza we-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry ulinganiselwa ku-33% wenani eliphelele lezwe. Ngokusho kweBaichuan Yingfu, kusukela ngoJuni 2023, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-manganese ye-electrolytic yaseShayina ulinganiselwa ku-2.455 million tons. Izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu yi-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, iSouthern Manganese Group, iTianxiong Technology, njll., enekhono lokukhiqiza eliphelele elingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.71, okwenza umthamo wokukhiqiza wezwe uphelele u-70%. Phakathi kwazo, i-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry inomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke ongamathani angu-800,000, okwenza u-33% wenani lokukhiqiza eliphelele lezwe.
Ethintwe yizinqubomgomo zemboni kanye nokuntuleka kukagesi,i-manganese ye-electrolyticUkukhiqizwa kwehle eminyakeni yamuva nje. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokwethulwa komgomo we-"carbon ephindwe kabili" waseShayina, izinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo ziye zaba nzima kakhulu, ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni liye lashesha, amandla okukhiqiza abuyela emuva asusiwe, amandla okukhiqiza amasha alawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi izici ezifana nemikhawulo yamandla kwezinye izindawo zinomkhiqizo olinganiselwe, umkhiqizo ngo-2021 wehlile. NgoJulayi 2022, iKomidi Elikhethekile leManganese le-China Ferroalloy Industry Association lakhipha isiphakamiso sokunciphisa nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa ngaphezu kuka-60%. Ngo-2022, umkhiqizo we-electrolytic manganese waseShayina wehle wafika kumathani angu-852,000 (ngo-34.7%). Ngo-Okthoba 22, iKomidi Lokusebenza Le-Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation le-China Mining Association laphakamisa umgomo wokumisa konke ukukhiqizwa ngoJanuwari 2023 kanye no-50% wokukhiqizwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuDisemba. NgoNovemba 22, iKomidi Lokusebenza Le-Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation le-China Mining Association lancoma ukuthi amabhizinisi Sizoqhubeka nokumisa ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa, futhi sihlele ukukhiqizwa ngamaphesenti angama-60 omthamo wokukhiqiza. Silindele ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese ngeke kwande kakhulu ngo-2023.
Izinga lokusebenza lihlala cishe ku-50%, kanti izinga lokusebenza lizoshintshashintsha kakhulu ngo-2022. Njengoba kuthintekile uhlelo lobumbano ngo-2022, izinga lokusebenza kwezinkampani ze-manganese zaseShayina lizoshintshashintsha kakhulu, kanti isilinganiso sokusebenza sonyaka singama-33.5%. Ukumiswa nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwenziwa kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, kanti amazinga okusebenza ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi ayengu-7% kanye no-10.5% kuphela. Ngemva kokuba i-alliance ibambe umhlangano ekupheleni kukaJulayi, amafektri alo mfelandawonye anciphisa noma amisa ukukhiqizwa, kanti amazinga okusebenza ngo-Agasti, ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba ayengaphansi kwama-30%.
1.4 I-Manganese dioxide: Iqhutshwa yi-lithium manganate, ukukhula komkhiqizo kuyashesha futhi amandla okukhiqiza agxilile.
Iqhutshwa yisidingo sezinto ze-lithium manganate, iShayinai-electrolytic manganese dioxideUkukhiqizwa kukhule kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yesidingo sezinto ze-lithium manganate, isidingo se-lithium manganate electrolytic manganese dioxide sikhule kakhulu, kanti ukukhiqizwa kweShayina kukhule kamuva. Ngokusho kwe-“A Brief View of Global Manganese Ore and China's Manganese Product Production in 2020″ (Qin Deliang), ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseShayina ngo-2020 kwakungamathani angu-351,000, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-14.3%. Ngo-2022, ezinye izinkampani zizomisa ukukhiqizwa ukuze kulungiswe, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide kuzokwehla. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseShayina ngo-2022 kuzoba ngamathani angu-268,000.
Umthamo wokukhiqiza i-electrolytic manganese dioxide eShayina ugxile eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou. IShayina ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni we-electrolytic manganese dioxide. Ngokusho kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide eShayina kubange cishe u-73% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke ngo-2018. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide eShayina kubangelwe kakhulu eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou, kanti ukukhiqizwa kweGuangxi kubangelwe ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokusho kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide eGuangxi kubangelwe u-74.4% womkhiqizo kazwelonke ngo-2020.
1.5 I-Manganese sulfate: izuza ngomthamo webhethri owandisiwe kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza ogxilile
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate yaseShayina kubiza cishe u-66% womkhiqizo womhlaba, kanti amandla okukhiqiza agxile eGuangxi. Ngokusho kwe-QYResearch, iShayina ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kanye nomthengi we-manganese sulfate emhlabeni. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate yaseShayina kwabiza cishe u-66% wesamba somhlaba; ukuthengiswa kwe-manganese sulfate yomhlaba wonke ngo-2021 kwakungaba ngamathani angu-550,000, lapho i-manganese sulfate yebanga lebhethri yayibalelwa cishe ku-41%. Ukuthengiswa kwe-manganese sulfate yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.54 ngo-2027, lapho i-manganese sulfate yebanga lebhethri ibiza cishe u-73%. Ngokusho kwe-“A Brief View of Global Manganese Ore and China’s Manganese Product Production in 2020″ (Qin Deliang), ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate yaseShayina ngo-2020 kwakungamathani angu-479,000, ikakhulukazi agxile eGuangxi, alinganiselwa ku-31.7%.
Ngokusho kukaBaichuan Yingfu, umthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke we-manganese sulfate emsulwa kakhulu yaseShayina uzoba amathani angu-500,000 ngo-2022. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ugxile kakhulu, i-CR3 ingu-60%, kanti umkhiqizo ungamathani angu-278,000. Kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza uzoba amathani angu-310,000 (iTianyuan Manganese Industry amathani angu-300,000 + iNanhai Chemical amathani angu-10,000).
2. Isidingo se-manganese: Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni iyanda, futhi umnikelo wezinto ezisebenzisa i-cathode ezisekelwe ku-manganese uyanda.
2.1 Isidingo sendabuko: 90% yinsimbi, kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale izinzile
Imboni yensimbi ibangela u-90% wesidingo se-manganese ore esezansi, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuyanda. Ngokusho kwe-“IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)”, i-manganese ore isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yensimbi, ngaphezu kuka-90% we-manganese ore isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-silicon-manganese alloy kanye ne-manganese ferroalloy, kanti i-manganese ore esele isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide kanye ne-manganese sulfate kweminye imikhiqizo. Ngokusho kukaBaichuan Yingfu, izimboni ze-manganese ore ezisezansi yi-manganese alloys, i-electrolytic manganese, kanye ne-manganese compounds. Phakathi kwazo, u-60%-80% we-manganese ores usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-manganese alloys (yensimbi kanye ne-casting, njll.), kanti u-20% we-manganese ores usetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni. I-electrolytic manganese (esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali, i-alloys, njll.), u-5-10% usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-manganese compounds (esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ze-ternary, izinto ze-magnetic, njll.)
I-Manganese yensimbi engahluziwe: Isidingo somhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-20.66 eminyakeni engu-25. Ngokusho kwe-International Manganese Association, i-manganese isetshenziswa njenge-desulfurizer kanye ne-alloy additive ngesimo se-high-carbon, medium-carbon noma low-carbon iron-manganese kanye ne-silicon-manganese ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe. Ingavimbela ukushiswa ngokweqile ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwenga futhi igweme ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka. Ithuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ubulukhuni kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi. Okuqukethwe kwe-manganese kwensimbi ekhethekile kuphakeme kunokwensimbi yekhabhoni. Okuqukethwe kwe-manganese okumaphakathi komhlaba kwensimbi engahluziwe kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngu-1.1%. Kusukela ngo-2021, i-National Development and Reform Commission kanye neminye iminyango izokwenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe kuzwelonke, futhi izoqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe ngo-2022, ngemiphumela emangalisayo. Kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe kuzwelonke kuzokwehla kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.065 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.013. Kulindeleke ukuthi esikhathini esizayo iShayina kanye nomkhiqizo wensimbi engahluziwe womhlaba wonke uzohlala ungashintshi.
2.2 Isidingo sebhethri: umnikelo oqhubekayo wezinto ze-cathode ezisekelwe kuma-manganese
Amabhethri e-lithium manganese oxide asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yedijithali, emakethe yamandla amancane kanye nemakethe yezimoto zabagibeli. Asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi anezindleko eziphansi, kodwa anomthamo omncane wamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle komjikelezo. Ngokusho kwe-Xinchen Information, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-lithium manganate cathode eShayina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021 kwakungamathani angu-7.5/9.1/102,000 ngokulandelana, kanye namathani angu-66,000 ngo-2022. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokwehla komnotho eShayina ngo-2022 kanye nokwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza ezikhuphukayo ze-lithium carbonate. Amanani akhuphukayo kanye nokulindela ukusetshenziswa okuhamba kancane.
I-Manganese yama-cathode ebhethri le-lithium: Isidingo somhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngamathani angu-229,000 ngo-2025, okulingana namathani angu-216,000 e-manganese dioxide kanye namathani angu-284,000 e-manganese sulfate. I-Manganese esetshenziswa njengezinto ze-cathode zamabhethri e-lithium ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngama-manganese amabhethri e-ternary kanye nama-manganese amabhethri e-lithium manganate. Ngokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwamabhethri e-ternary esikhathini esizayo, silinganisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-manganese emhlabeni wonke kwamabhethri e-ternary kuzokwanda kusuka ku-61,000 kuya ku-61,000 ngo-22-25. Amathani akhuphuke afinyelela ku-92,000 amathani, kanti isidingo esifanayo se-manganese sulfate sanda kusuka ku-186,000 amathani kuya ku-284,000 amathani (umthombo we-manganese wezinto ze-cathode zebhethri le-ternary yi-manganese sulfate); okubangelwa ukukhula kwesidingo sezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili, ngokusho kwe-Xinchen Information kanye ne-Boshi Ngokusho kwe-prospectus yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukuthunyelwa kwe-lithium manganate cathode yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngamathani angu-224,000 eminyakeni engu-25, okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-manganese okungamathani angu-136,000, kanye nesidingo se-manganese dioxide esingamathani angu-216,000 (umthombo we-manganese wezinto ze-lithium manganate cathode yi-manganese dioxide).
Imithombo ye-Manganese inezinzuzo zemithombo ecebile, amanani aphansi, kanye namafasitela e-voltage ephezulu ezinto ezisekelwe ku-manganese. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka kanye nenqubo yalo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ishesha, amafektri ebhethri njenge-Tesla, i-BYD, i-CATL, kanye ne-Guoxuan High-tech aqale ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlobene ne-cathode ezisekelwe ku-manganese. Ukukhiqizwa.
Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate kulindeleke ukuthi isheshiswe. 1) Uma kuhlanganiswa izinzuzo ze-lithium iron phosphate namabhethri e-ternary, inokuphepha kanye nobuningi bamandla. Ngokusho kwe-Shanghai Nonferrous Network, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-lithium iron phosphate. Ukwengeza i-manganese element kungandisa i-voltage yebhethri. Ubuningi bayo bamandla obuqanjiwe buphakeme ngo-15% kunobe-lithium iron phosphate, futhi bunokuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ithani elilodwa le-iron manganese phosphate Okuqukethwe kwe-lithium manganese kungu-13%. 2) Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe: Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-manganese element, amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate anezinkinga ezifana nokuqhuba kabi kanye nokuphila komjikelezo okuncishisiwe, okungathuthukiswa nge-nanotechnology yezinhlayiya, ukwakheka kwe-morphology, i-ion doping kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu. 3) Ukusheshisa inqubo yezimboni: Izinkampani zebhethri ezifana ne-CATL, i-China Innovation Aviation, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, i-Sunwoda, njll. zonke zikhiqize amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate; izinkampani ze-cathode ezifana neDefang Nano, iRongbai Technology, iDangsheng Technology, njll. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ze-cathode ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate; izinkampani zezimoto izimoto zikagesi ze-Niu GOVAF0 series zihlonyiswe ngamabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate, i-NIO isiqalile ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwamabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate eHefei, kanti i-BYD's Fudi Battery isiqalile ukuthenga izinto ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate: I-facelift yasekhaya ye-Tesla's Model 3 isebenzisa ibhethri elisha le-CATL le-M3P lithium iron phosphate.
I-Manganese ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode: Ngaphansi kokuqagela okungathathi hlangothi nokunethemba, isidingo somhlaba wonke se-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngamathani angu-268,000/358,000 eminyakeni engu-25, kanti isidingo se-manganese esifanayo singamathani angu-35,000/47,000.
Ngokusho kwesibikezelo seGaogong Lithium Battery, ngo-2025, izinga lokungena emakethe kwezinto ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode lizodlula u-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate. Ngakho-ke, uma sicabangela izimo ezingathathi hlangothi nezinethemba, amazinga okungena kwe-lithium iron manganese phosphate eminyakeni engu-23-25 ngokulandelana angama-4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%. Imakethe yezimoto ezinamasondo amabili: Silindele ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate asheshise ukungena emakethe yezimoto zikagesi zaseShayina ezinamasondo amabili. Amazwe aphesheya kwezilwandle ngeke acatshangelwe ngenxa yokungazweli kwezindleko kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zamandla. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi nezinethemba eminyakeni engu-25, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate izodingeka. Isidingo sama-cathode singamathani ayi-1.1/15,000, kanti isidingo esihambisanayo se-manganese singamathani ayizigidi ezingu-0.1/0.2. Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi: Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-lithium iron manganese phosphate ithatha indawo ye-lithium iron phosphate ngokuphelele futhi isetshenziswa kanye namabhethri e-ternary (ngokusho kwesilinganiso semikhiqizo ehlobene neRongbai Technology, sicabanga ukuthi isilinganiso se-doping singu-10%), kulindeleke ukuthi singathathi hlangothi futhi Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isidingo sama-cathode e-lithium iron manganese phosphate singamathani angu-257,000/343,000, kanti isidingo se-manganese esihambisanayo singamathani angu-33,000/45,000.
Njengamanje, amanani e-manganese ore, i-manganese sulfate, kanye ne-electrolytic manganese asezingeni eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni, kanti intengo ye-manganese dioxide isezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu emlandweni. Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubili kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla, inhlangano imise ukukhiqizwa ngokubambisana, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-electrolytic manganese kwehlile, futhi amanani akhuphuke kakhulu, okwenza amanani e-manganese ore, i-manganese sulfate, kanye ne-electrolytic manganese akhuphuke. Ngemuva kuka-2022, isidingo esingezansi siye saba buthaka, futhi intengo ye-electrolytic manganese yehlile, kuyilapho intengo ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yehlile. Kuma-manganese, manganese sulfate, njll., ngenxa yokuqhubeka nokukhula kwamabhethri e-lithium angezansi, ukulungiswa kwentengo akubalulekile. Esikhathini eside, isidingo esingezansi ikakhulukazi se-manganese sulfate kanye ne-manganese dioxide emabhethrini. Sizuza ekwandeni kwevolumu yezinto ezisekelwe kuma-manganese-cathode, isikhungo sentengo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke.