Chifukwa cha kufalikira ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mabatire atsopano amphamvu monga mabatire a lithiamu manganate, zinthu zawo zabwino zochokera ku manganese zakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri. Kutengera ndi deta yoyenera, dipatimenti yofufuza za msika ya UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. idafotokoza mwachidule momwe makampani aku China a manganese akukulirakulira kuti agwiritse ntchito makasitomala athu.
1. Kupezeka kwa Manganese: Mapeto a miyala yamtengo wapatali amadalira zinthu zochokera kunja, ndipo mphamvu yopangira zinthu zokonzedwayo imakhala yochuluka kwambiri.
1.1 Unyolo wa mafakitale a Manganese
Manganese ndi osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu popanga mabatire. Chitsulo cha Manganese ndi choyera ngati siliva, cholimba komanso chophwanyika. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati deoxidizer, desulfurizer ndi alloying element popanga zitsulo. Silicon-manganese alloy, medium-low carbon ferromanganese ndi high-carbon ferromanganese ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe manganese amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, manganese imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu za ternary cathode ndi zinthu za lithiamu manganate cathode, zomwe ndi malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira mtsogolo. Manganese ore imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kudzera mu metallurgical manganese ndi mankhwala a manganese. 1) Kumtunda: Kukumba ndi kuvala miyala. Mitundu ya manganese ore imaphatikizapo manganese oxide ore, manganese carbonate ore, ndi zina zotero. 2) Kukonza pakati: Itha kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: njira yaukadaulo wa mankhwala ndi njira ya metallurgical. Zinthu monga manganese dioxide, manganese yachitsulo, ferromanganese ndi silicomanganese zimakonzedwa kudzera mu sulfuric acid leaching kapena kuchepetsa ng'anjo yamagetsi. 3) Ntchito zoyambira pansi: Ntchito zoyambira pansi zimaphimba zitsulo zotayidwa, ma cathode a batri, ma catalyst, mankhwala ndi zina.
1.2 Manganese ore: zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka kunja kwa dziko, ndipo China imadalira zinthu zochokera kunja
Ma manganese ores padziko lonse lapansi ali ku South Africa, China, Australia ndi Brazil, ndipo malo osungira ma manganese ores ku China ali pa nambala yachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ma manganese ores padziko lonse lapansi ndi ochuluka, koma amagawidwa mosagwirizana. Malinga ndi deta ya Wind, pofika mu Disembala 2022, malo osungira ma manganese ores otsimikizika padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani 1.7 biliyoni, 37.6% mwa iwo ali ku South Africa, 15.9% ku Brazil, 15.9% ku Australia, ndi 8.2% ku Ukraine. Mu 2022, malo osungira ma manganese ores ku China adzakhala matani 280 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa 16.5% ya zonse padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo malo osungira ake adzakhala achiwiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Magawo a miyala ya manganese padziko lonse lapansi amasiyana kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka kunja kwa dziko. Maminerali olemera a manganese (omwe ali ndi manganese opitilira 30%) amapezeka ku South Africa, Gabon, Australia ndi Brazil. Maminerali olemera a manganese ali pakati pa 40-50%, ndipo malo osungiramo amasunga oposa 70% ya malo osungiramo zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. China ndi Ukraine zimadalira kwambiri miyala ya manganese yotsika. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa manganese nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 30%, ndipo imafunika kukonzedwa isanagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Opanga ma manganese olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi South Africa, Gabon ndi Australia, pomwe China ili ndi 6%. Malinga ndi mphepo, kupanga ma manganese olemera padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022 kudzakhala matani 20 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 0.5%, ndipo kunja kwa dzikolo kuli ndi zoposa 90%. Pakati pawo, zokolola za South Africa, Gabon ndi Australia ndi matani 7.2 miliyoni, 4.6 miliyoni ndi 3.3 miliyoni motsatana. Zokolola za ma manganese olemera ku China ndi matani 990,000. Zimapanga 5% yokha ya zokolola zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kugawika kwa manganese ore ku China sikufanana, makamaka ku Guangxi, Guizhou ndi malo ena. Malinga ndi "Kafukufuku pa Manganese Ore Resources ku China ndi Issues Industrial Chain Security Issues" (Ren Hui et al.), ma manganese ore aku China makamaka ndi ma manganese carbonate ores, okhala ndi ma manganese oxide ores ochepa ndi mitundu ina ya manganese ores. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe, ma manganese ore ore aku China mu 2022 ndi matani 280 miliyoni. Chigawo chomwe chili ndi ma manganese ore ore ambiri ndi Guangxi, yokhala ndi matani 120 miliyoni, yomwe ili ndi 43% ya malo osungira dzikolo; kutsatiridwa ndi Guizhou, yokhala ndi matani 50 miliyoni, yomwe ili ndi 43% ya malo osungira dzikolo. 18%.
Ma manganese osungidwa ku China ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri. Pali migodi yochepa ya manganese ku China, ndipo yambiri ndi yopanda mafuta ambiri. Malinga ndi "Kafukufuku pa Manganese Ore Resources ku China ndi Issues Industrial Chain Security Issues" (Ren Hui et al.), kuchuluka kwa manganese ore ku China ndi pafupifupi 22%, zomwe ndi zochepa kwambiri. Palibe ma manganese olemera omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ma lean ore otsika kwambiri amafunika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha atakweza kuchuluka kwawo kudzera mu kukonza mchere.
Kudalira kwa manganese ku China kumachokera kunja kuli pafupifupi 95%. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa manganese ore ku China, zinyalala zambiri, ndalama zambiri zogulira, komanso chitetezo chokhwima komanso kuteteza chilengedwe m'makampani opanga migodi, kupanga manganese ore ku China kwakhala kukuchepa chaka ndi chaka. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku US Geological Survey, kupanga manganese ore ku China kwakhala kukuchepa m'zaka 10 zapitazi. Kupanga kwatsika kwambiri kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2018 ndi 2021. Kupanga kwapachaka kwapachaka ndi pafupifupi matani 1 miliyoni. China imadalira kwambiri kuitanitsa manganese ore, ndipo kudalira kwake kwakunja kwakhala kopitilira 95% m'zaka zisanu zapitazi. Malinga ndi deta ya Wind, kutulutsa manganese ore ku China kudzakhala matani 990,000 mu 2022, pomwe kutumiza kunja kudzafika matani 29.89 miliyoni, ndipo kudalira kutumiza kunja kudzafika 96.8%.
1.3 Manganese ya Electrolytic: China imapanga 98% ya kupanga padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mphamvu yopangira zinthu ndi yochuluka
Kupanga manganese yamagetsi ku China kumachitika m'zigawo zapakati ndi zakumadzulo. Kupanga manganese yamagetsi ku China kumachitika makamaka ku Ningxia, Guangxi, Hunan ndi Guizhou, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale 31%, 21%, 20% ndi 12% motsatana. Malinga ndi Steel Industry, kupanga manganese yamagetsi ku China kumapanga 98% ya kupanga manganese yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndiye wopanga manganese yamagetsi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Makampani opanga manganese amagetsi ku China ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira, ndipo mphamvu zopangira za Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry ndi 33% ya zonse mdziko muno. Malinga ndi Baichuan Yingfu, pofika mu June 2023, mphamvu zopangira manganese amagetsi ku China zinali matani 2.455 miliyoni. Makampani khumi apamwamba ndi Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, Southern Manganese Group, Tianxiong Technology, ndi zina zotero, okhala ndi mphamvu zopangira zokwana matani 1.71 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko lonse likhale ndi mphamvu zopangira zokwana 70%. Pakati pawo, Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry ili ndi mphamvu zopangira zokwana matani 800,000 pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 33% ya mphamvu zonse zopangira dzikolo.
Chifukwa cha mfundo zamakampani ndi kusowa kwa magetsi,manganese yamagetsiKupanga kwatsika m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa cholinga cha "kabotolo kawiri" cha China, mfundo zoteteza chilengedwe zakhala zovuta kwambiri, liwiro la kukweza mafakitale lawonjezeka, mphamvu zopangira zatha, mphamvu zatsopano zopangira zayang'aniridwa mosamala, ndipo zinthu monga zoletsa mphamvu m'malo ena zachepetsa kupanga, zokolola mu 2021 zatsika. Mu Julayi 2022, Komiti Yodziwika Bwino ya Manganese ya China Ferroalloy Industry Association idapereka lingaliro lochepetsa ndikuchepetsa kupanga ndi zoposa 60%. Mu 2022, kutulutsa kwa manganese kwa electrolytic ku China kunatsika kufika pa matani 852,000 (yoy-34.7%). Mu Okutobala 22, Komiti Yogwira Ntchito ya Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation ya China Mining Association idapereka cholinga choyimitsa kupanga konse mu Januwale 2023 ndi 50% ya kupanga kuyambira February mpaka December. Mu Novembala 22, Komiti Yogwira Ntchito Yopanga Zinthu Zachitsulo ya Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation ya China Mining Association idalimbikitsa kuti makampani apitirize kuyimitsa kupanga ndi kukweza, ndikukonza kupanga pa 60% ya mphamvu zopangira. Tikuyembekeza kuti kutulutsa kwa manganese ya electrolytic sikudzakwera kwambiri mu 2023.
Chiŵerengero cha ntchito chikupitirirabe pa 50%, ndipo chiŵerengero cha ntchito chidzasinthasintha kwambiri mu 2022. Chifukwa cha dongosolo la mgwirizano mu 2022, chiŵerengero cha ntchito cha makampani opanga manganese ku China chidzasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo chiŵerengero cha ntchito chapakati pachaka chili 33.5%. Kuyimitsidwa ndi kusinthidwa kwa kupanga kunachitika mu kotala loyamba la 2022, ndipo chiŵerengero cha ntchito mu February ndi March chinali 7% ndi 10.5% yokha. Pambuyo poti mgwirizanowu uchite msonkhano kumapeto kwa Julayi, mafakitale mu mgwirizanowu adachepetsa kapena kuyimitsa kupanga, ndipo chiŵerengero cha ntchito mu Ogasiti, Seputembala ndi Okutobala chinali chochepera 30%.
1.4 Manganese dioxide: Yoyendetsedwa ndi lithiamu manganate, kupanga kumakula mofulumira ndipo mphamvu yopanga imakhala yochuluka.
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa zinthu za lithiamu manganate, dziko la Chinaelectrolytic manganese dioxideKupanga kwawonjezeka kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa zinthu za lithiamu manganate, kufunikira kwa lithiamu manganate electrolytic manganese dioxide kwawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kupanga kwa China kwawonjezeka pambuyo pake. Malinga ndi "Chidule cha Global Manganese Ore ndi China's Manganese Product Production mu 2020″ (Qin Deliang), kupanga kwa manganese dioxide ya electrolytic ku China mu 2020 kunali matani 351,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 14.3%. Mu 2022, makampani ena adzayimitsa kupanga kuti akonze, ndipo kutulutsa kwa manganese dioxide ya electrolytic kudzachepa. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, kutulutsa kwa manganese dioxide ya electrolytic ku China mu 2022 kudzakhala matani 268,000.
Mphamvu yopangira manganese dioxide ku China imapezeka ku Guangxi, Hunan ndi Guizhou. China ndiye wopanga manganese dioxide wambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi Huajing Industrial Research Institute, kupanga manganese dioxide ku China kunapanga pafupifupi 73% ya kupanga padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018. Kupanga manganese dioxide ku China kunapanga makamaka ku Guangxi, Hunan ndi Guizhou, ndipo kupanga kwa Guangxi kunali kwakukulu kwambiri. Malinga ndi Huajing Industrial Research Institute, kupanga manganese dioxide ku Guangxi kunapanga 74.4% ya kupanga dziko lonse mu 2020.
1.5 Manganese sulfate: kupindula ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri komanso mphamvu yopangira zinthu zambiri
Kupanga manganese sulfate ku China kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi 66% ya kupanga padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mphamvu zopangira zimakhazikika ku Guangxi. Malinga ndi QYResearch, China ndiye wopanga komanso wogula manganese sulfate wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2021, kupanga manganese sulfate ku China kunapanga pafupifupi 66% ya zonse padziko lonse lapansi; malonda onse a manganese sulfate padziko lonse lapansi mu 2021 anali pafupifupi matani 550,000, omwe manganese sulfate ya batri anali pafupifupi 41%. Malonda onse a manganese sulfate padziko lonse lapansi akuyembekezeka kukhala matani 1.54 miliyoni mu 2027, omwe manganese sulfate ya batri imakhala pafupifupi 73%. Malinga ndi "Chidule Chachidule cha Global Manganese Ore ndi China's Manganese Product Production mu 2020" (Qin Deliang), kupanga manganese sulfate ku China mu 2020 kunali matani 479,000, makamaka ku Guangxi, komwe kuli 31.7%.
Malinga ndi Baichuan Yingfu, mphamvu yopangira manganese sulfate ya ku China pachaka idzakhala matani 500,000 mu 2022. Mphamvu yopangira ndi yochuluka, CR3 ndi 60%, ndipo zotuluka ndi matani 278,000. Akuyembekezeka kuti mphamvu yatsopano yopangira idzakhala matani 310,000 (Tianyuan Manganese Industry matani 300,000 + Nanhai Chemical matani 10,000).
2. Kufunika kwa manganese: Njira yopititsira patsogolo mafakitale ikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zopereka za zinthu zopangidwa ndi manganese-cathode zikuwonjezeka.
2.1 Kufunika kwachikhalidwe: 90% ndi chitsulo, chikuyembekezeka kukhalabe chokhazikika
Makampani opanga zitsulo amapanga 90% ya kufunikira kwa manganese ore, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion kukukulirakulira. Malinga ndi "IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)", manganese ore imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga zitsulo, manganese ore opitilira 90% amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga silicon-manganese alloy ndi manganese ferroalloy, ndipo manganese ore otsala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga manganese dioxide ndi manganese sulfate ya zinthu zina. Malinga ndi Baichuan Yingfu, mafakitale a manganese ore omwe ali pansi ndi manganese alloys, manganese electrolytic, ndi manganese compounds. Pakati pawo, 60%-80% ya manganese ores amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manganese alloys (achitsulo ndi casting, etc.), ndipo 20% ya manganese ores amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Electrolytic manganese (yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ma alloys, etc.), 5-10% imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manganese compounds (yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za ternary, maginito maginito, etc.)
Manganese ya chitsulo chosakanizidwa: Kufunika kwa dziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 20.66 miliyoni m'zaka 25. Malinga ndi International Manganese Association, manganese imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha desulfurizer ndi alloy mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo chochuluka cha kaboni, chapakati kapena cha kaboni chochepa cha kaboni, ndi silicon-manganese panthawi yopanga chitsulo chosakanizidwa. Imatha kupewa kukhuthala kwambiri panthawi yoyenga ndikupewa ming'alu ndi kusweka. Imawonjezera mphamvu, kulimba, kuuma, ndi mawonekedwe a chitsulo. Kuchuluka kwa manganese mu chitsulo chapadera ndi kokwera kuposa kwa chitsulo cha kaboni. Kuchuluka kwa manganese padziko lonse lapansi mu chitsulo chosakanizidwa kukuyembekezeka kukhala 1.1%. Kuyambira mu 2021, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena adzachita ntchito yochepetsa kupanga chitsulo chosakanizidwa, ndipo apitiliza kuchita ntchito yochepetsa kupanga chitsulo chosakanizidwa mu 2022, ndi zotsatira zodabwitsa. Kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2022, kupanga chitsulo chosakanizidwa mdziko lonse kudzatsika kuchoka pa matani 1.065 biliyoni kufika pa matani 1.013 biliyoni. Zikuyembekezeka kuti mtsogolomu China ndi dziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimapanga zitsulo zosaphika sizidzasintha.
2.2 Kufunika kwa batri: kuchulukitsa kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi manganese-cathode
Mabatire a lithiamu manganese oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wa digito, msika wamagetsi ang'onoang'ono komanso msika wamagalimoto okwera anthu. Ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso mtengo wotsika, koma ali ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino. Malinga ndi Xinchen Information, kutumiza kwa zinthu za lithiamu manganate cathode ku China kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2021 kunali matani 7.5/9.1/102,000 motsatana, ndi matani 66,000 mu 2022. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma ku China mu 2022 komanso kukwera kwamitengo kwa zinthu zopangira lithiamu carbonate. Mitengo ikukwera komanso ziyembekezo zocheperako zakugwiritsa ntchito.
Manganese wa ma cathode a lithiamu batire: Kufunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 229,000 mu 2025, komwe ndi matani 216,000 a manganese dioxide ndi matani 284,000 a manganese sulfate. Manganese yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cathode ya mabatire a lithiamu imagawidwa makamaka mu manganese a mabatire a ternary ndi manganese a mabatire a lithiamu manganate. Ndi kukula kwa kutumiza kwa mabatire a ternary mtsogolo, tikuyerekeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito manganese padziko lonse lapansi kwa mabatire a ternary kudzawonjezeka kuchokera pa 61,000 mpaka 61,000 mu 22-25. matani adakwera kufika pa matani 92,000, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese sulfate kudakwera kuchoka pa matani 186,000 mpaka matani 284,000 (gwero la manganese la zinthu za cathode za batire ya ternary ndi manganese sulfate); Malinga ndi Xinchen Information ndi Boshi, chifukwa cha kukula kwa kufunikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mawilo awiri, malinga ndi kafukufuku waukadaulo wapamwamba, kutumiza kwa lithiamu manganate cathode padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 224,000 m'zaka 25, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa manganese matani 136,000, ndipo kufunikira kwa manganese dioxide kofanana ndi matani 216,000 (gwero la manganese la zinthu za lithiamu manganate cathode ndi manganese dioxide).
Magwero a manganese ali ndi ubwino wa zinthu zambiri, mitengo yotsika, ndi mawindo amphamvu kwambiri a zinthu zopangidwa ndi manganese. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo komanso njira yake yopititsira patsogolo mafakitale ikufulumira, mafakitale a mabatire monga Tesla, BYD, CATL, ndi Guoxuan High-tech ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokhudzana ndi manganese-based cathode. Kupanga.
Njira yopangira mafakitale ya lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ikuyembekezeka kufulumizitsidwa. 1) Kuphatikiza ubwino wa lithiamu iron phosphate ndi mabatire a ternary, ili ndi chitetezo komanso mphamvu zambiri. Malinga ndi Shanghai Nonferrous Network, lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ndi mtundu wosinthidwa wa lithiamu iron phosphate. Kuwonjezera manganese element kungawonjezere mphamvu ya batri. Mphamvu zake zongopeka ndi 15% kuposa za lithiamu iron phosphate, ndipo zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu. Toni imodzi ya phosphate ya manganese yachitsulo Kuchuluka kwa lithiamu manganese ndi 13%. 2) Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo: Chifukwa cha kuwonjezera manganese element, mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ali ndi mavuto monga kusowa kwa conductivity ndi kuchepa kwa moyo wa kuzungulira, zomwe zitha kukonzedwa kudzera mu nanotechnology ya tinthu, kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe, ion doping ndi pamwamba. 3) Kufulumira kwa njira ya mafakitale: Makampani a mabatire monga CATL, China Innovation Aviation, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Sunwoda, ndi zina zotero onse apanga mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate; Makampani opanga ma cathode monga Defang Nano, Rongbai Technology, Dangsheng Technology, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe ka zinthu za lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode; kampani yamagalimoto ya Niu GOVAF0 series ili ndi mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate, NIO yayamba kupanga mabatire ang'onoang'ono a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ku Hefei, ndipo BYD's Fudi Battery yayamba kugula lithiamu iron manganese phosphate Zipangizo: Tesla's domestic Model 3 facelift imagwiritsa ntchito batire yatsopano ya CATL ya M3P lithium iron phosphate.
Manganese wa lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode: Malinga ndi malingaliro osalowerera ndale komanso odalirika, kufunikira kwa lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 268,000/358,000 m'zaka 25, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese ndi matani 35,000/47,000.
Malinga ndi zomwe Gaogong Lithium Battery inaneneratu, pofika chaka cha 2025, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode zomwe zimalowa pamsika kudzapitirira 15% poyerekeza ndi zinthu za lithiamu iron phosphate. Chifukwa chake, poganizira mikhalidwe yopanda tsankho komanso yabwino, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za lithiamu iron manganese phosphate zomwe zimalowa pamsika m'zaka 23-25 ndi 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%. Msika wamagalimoto awiri: Tikuyembekeza kuti mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate azithandizira kulowa pamsika wamagalimoto awiri amagetsi ku China. Mayiko akunja sadzaganiziridwa chifukwa cha kusakhudzidwa ndi mtengo komanso kufunikira kwamphamvu kwambiri. Akuyembekezeka kuti pansi pa mikhalidwe yopanda tsankho komanso yabwino m'zaka 25, lithiamu iron manganese phosphate idzafunika. Kufunika kwa ma cathode ndi matani 1.1/15,000, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese ndi matani 0.1/0.2 miliyoni. Msika wa Magalimoto Amagetsi: Tikaganiza kuti lithiamu iron manganese phosphate imalowa m'malo mwa lithiamu iron phosphate ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mabatire a ternary (malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi Rongbai Technology, tikuganiza kuti chiŵerengero cha doping ndi 10%), tikuyembekezera kuti palibe ndale ndipo Pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino, kufunikira kwa lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathodes ndi matani 257,000/343,000, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese ndi matani 33,000/45,000.
Pakadali pano, mitengo ya manganese ore, manganese sulfate, ndi electrolytic manganese ili pamlingo wotsika kwambiri m'mbiri, ndipo mtengo wa manganese dioxide uli pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri. Mu 2021, chifukwa cha kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ziwiri komanso kusowa kwa mphamvu, mgwirizanowu wayimitsa kupanga, kupereka manganese ore kwatsika, ndipo mitengo yakwera kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mitengo ya manganese ore, manganese sulfate, ndi manganese ore kukwera. Pambuyo pa 2022, kufunikira kwapansi kwachepa, ndipo mtengo wa manganese ore watsika, pomwe mtengo wa manganese ore watsika. Pa manganese, manganese sulfate, ndi zina zotero, chifukwa cha kupitilira kwa mabatire a lithiamu otsika, kukonza mitengo sikofunikira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kufunikira kwapansi kwakhala makamaka kwa manganese sulfate ndi manganese dioxide m'mabatire. Popindula ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi manganese-based cathode, malo oyambira mitengo akuyembekezeka kukwera.