Nekufarirwa uye kushandiswa kwemabhatiri matsva esimba akadai semabhatiri e lithium manganate, zvinhu zvavo zvakanaka zvinobva ku manganese zvakakwezva vanhu vakawanda. Zvichibva padata rakakodzera, dhipatimendi rekutsvagisa musika reUrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. rakapfupikisa mamiriro ekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri ye manganese muChina kuti vatengi vedu vaone.
1. Kuwanikwa kweManganese: Mugumo weore unobva kune zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye kugona kwekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kwakawanda.
1.1 Cheni yeindasitiri yeManganese
Zvigadzirwa zveManganese zvakapfuma mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira simbi, uye zvine mukana mukuru mukugadzira mabhatiri. Simbi yeManganese yakachena sesirivha, yakaoma uye inopwanyika. Inonyanya kushandiswa se deoxidizer, desulfurizer uye alloying element mukuita simbi. Silicon-manganese alloy, medium-low carbon ferromanganese uye high-carbon ferromanganese ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvemanganese. Pamusoro pezvo, manganese inoshandiswawo mukugadzira zvinhu zve ternary cathode uye lithium manganate cathode materials, idzo dziri nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa dzine mukana mukuru wekukura mune ramangwana. Manganese ore inonyanya kushandiswa kuburikidza ne metallurgical manganese uye chemical manganese. 1) Upstream: Kuchera nekugadzira simbi. Mhando dzeManganese ore dzinosanganisira manganese oxide ore, manganese carbonate ore, nezvimwewo. 2) Kugadzira pakati pemvura: Inogona kukamurwa kuita nzira mbiri huru: nzira yemakemikari uye nzira yesimbi. Zvigadzirwa zvakaita se manganese dioxide, metallic manganese, ferromanganese uye silicomanganese zvinogadziriswa kuburikidza ne sulfuric acid leaching kana electric furnace reduction. 3) Mashandisirwo emvura: Mashandisirwo emvura anofukidza simbi dzakasanganiswa, ma cathode ebhatiri, ma catalysts, mishonga nezvimwe zvinhu.
1.2 Manganese ore: zviwanikwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaunganidzwa kunze kwenyika, uye China inovimba nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika
Matombo epasi rose emanganese anowanikwa muSouth Africa, China, Australia neBrazil, uye matongo eChina emanganese ari pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasi rose. Matongo epasi rose emanganese akawanda, asi haana kugoverwa zvakaenzana. Sekureva kweWind data, kusvika muna Zvita 2022, matongo emanganese akasimbiswa pasi rose anosvika matani mabhiriyoni 1.7, 37.6% awo ari muSouth Africa, 15.9% muBrazil, 15.9% muAustralia, uye 8.2% muUkraine. Muna 2022, matongo emanganese eChina achava matani mamiriyoni 280, achiumba 16.5% yehuwandu hwepasi rose, uye matongo ayo achava pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasi rose.
Magiredhi ezviwanikwa zvemanganese pasi rose akasiyana zvikuru, uye zviwanikwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinowanikwa mhiri kwemakungwa. Maminese ane manganese akawanda (ane manganese anopfuura 30%) anowanikwa muSouth Africa, Gabon, Australia neBrazil. Maminese ore ari pakati pe40-50%, uye maminese anodarika 70% yenzvimbo dzakachengetwa pasi rose. China neUkraine zvinonyanya kushandisa maminese ore asina magiredhi akawanda. Kazhinji, huwandu hwemanganese hunowanzova pasi pe30%, uye hunoda kugadziriswa husati hwashandiswa.
Nyika dzinogadzira manganese ore dzinonyanya kukosha pasi rose ndiSouth Africa, Gabon neAustralia, China ichitora 6%. Zvichienderana nemhepo, kugadzirwa kwe manganese ore pasi rose muna 2022 kuchave matani mamiriyoni makumi maviri, kudzikira kwegore negore kwe0.5%, nekune dzimwe nyika kuchitora anopfuura 90%. Pakati padzo, kubuda kweSouth Africa, Gabon neAustralia kuri matani mamiriyoni 7.2, mamiriyoni 4.6 uye mamiriyoni 3.3 zvichiteerana. Kubuda kwe manganese ore muChina kuri matani 990,000. Kunotora 5% chete yekugadzirwa kwepasi rose.
Kupararira kwesimbi dzemanganese muChina hakuna kuenzana, kunyanya muGuangxi, Guizhou nedzimwe nzvimbo. Sekureva kwe "Research on China's Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues" (Ren Hui et al.), simbi dzemanganese muChina simbi dzemanganese carbonate ores, dzine huwandu hushoma hwesimbi dzemanganese oxide nedzimwe mhando dzesimbi. Sekureva kweMinistry of Natural Resources, simbi dzemanganese ore muChina muna 2022 dzine matani mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi masere. Dunhu rine simbi dzemanganese ore dzakanyanya kuchengetwa iGuangxi, ine simbi dzemanganese matani mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri, inokwana 43% yesimbi dzenyika; ichiteverwa neGuizhou, ine simbi dzemanganese matani mamiriyoni makumi mashanu, inokwana 43% yesimbi dzenyika. 18%.
Maminerari eChina madiki uye ane giredhi rakaderera. Kune migodhi mishoma yemanganese yakakura muChina, uye mizhinji yacho iore dzisina mafuta akawanda. Sekureva kwe "Research on China's Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues" (Ren Hui et al.), avhareji yegiredhi remanganese muChina inenge 22%, inova giredhi rakaderera. Hapana matombo akawanda emanganese anosangana nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose, uye matombo asina mafuta akawanda anoda kuti ashandiswe chete mushure mekuvandudza giredhi kuburikidza nekugadzira zvicherwa.
Kutengeserana kweChina ne manganese ore kuri pa95%. Nekuda kwekusakwana kwezviwanikwa zve manganese ore zveChina, kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, mitengo yakakwira yekuchera, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba uye kudzora kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza muindasitiri yemigodhi, kugadzirwa kwe manganese ore muChina kwave kuchidzikira gore negore. Sekureva kwedata kubva kuUS Geological Survey, kugadzirwa kwe manganese ore muChina kwave kudzikira mumakore gumi apfuura. Kugadzirwa kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kubva muna 2016 kusvika 2018 na2021. Kugadzirwa kwegore negore kuri kusvika matani miriyoni imwe chete. China inovimba zvakanyanya nekutengwa kwe manganese ore, uye kuvimba kwayo nekunze kwave pamusoro pe95% mumakore mashanu apfuura. Sekureva kweWind data, kubuda kwe manganese ore muChina kuchave matani 990,000 muna 2022, nepo kupinzwa kwenyika kuchasvika matani mamiriyoni 29.89, nekuvimba kwekutengwa kwenyika kusvika 96.8%.
1.3 Electrolytic manganese: China ine 98% yekugadzirwa kwepasi rose uye kugona kwayo kugadzira kwakawanda
Kugadzirwa kwemanganese yemagetsi muChina kwakawanda mumatunhu epakati nekumadokero. Kugadzirwa kwemanganese yemagetsi muChina kwakanyanya kuwanda muNingxia, Guangxi, Hunan neGuizhou, zvichiita 31%, 21%, 20% uye 12% zvichiteerana. Sekureva kweSteel Industry, kugadzirwa kwemanganese yemagetsi muChina kwakakosha 98% yekugadzirwa kwemanganese yemagetsi pasi rose uye ndiyo inogadzira manganese emagetsi akawanda pasi rose.
Indasitiri yeChina yemagetsi ine simba guru rekugadzira, ine simba guru rekugadzira reNingxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry rinoita 33% yehuwandu hwese hwenyika. Sekureva kwaBaichuan Yingfu, kubva muna Chikumi 2023, simba guru rekugadzira remagetsi reChina rakasvika matani mamiriyoni 2.455. Makambani gumi epamusoro iNingxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, Southern Manganese Group, Tianxiong Technology, nezvimwewo, ine simba guru rekugadzira rinosvika matani mamiriyoni 1.71, zvichireva simba guru rekugadzira renyika ne70%. Pakati pavo, Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry ine simba guru rekugadzira rinosvika matani zviuru mazana masere pagore, zvichireva 33% yehuwandu hwese hwekugadzira hwenyika.
Vakanganiswa nehurongwa hweindasitiri uye kushomeka kwemagetsi,manganese yemagetsiKugadzirwa kwadzikira mumakore achangopfuura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuunzwa kwechinangwa cheChina che "kabhoni kaviri", mitemo yekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza yave yakaoma, kumhanya kwekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri kwakawedzera, kugona kugadzira kwakadzokera shure kwabviswa, kugona kugadzira kutsva kwave kudzorwa zvakanyanya, uye zvinhu zvakaita sekurambidzwa kwesimba mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvine kugadzirwa kushoma, kubuda muna 2021 kwadzikira. Muna Chikunguru 2022, Komiti Inokosha yeManganese yeChina Ferroalloy Industry Association yakaburitsa chikumbiro chekudzikamisa nekuderedza kugadzirwa neanopfuura 60%. Muna 2022, kubuda kweChina kwemagetsi eManganese kwakadzikira kusvika pamatani 852,000 (yoy-34.7%). Muna Gumiguru 22, Komiti Inoshanda yeElectrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation yeChina Mining Association yakaronga chinangwa chekumisa kugadzirwa kwese muna Ndira 2023 uye 50% yekugadzira kubva Kukadzi kusvika Zvita. Muna Mbudzi 22, Komiti Inoshanda yeElectrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation yeChina Mining Association yakakurudzira kuti mabhizinesi arambe achimisa kugadzirwa nekuvandudzwa, uye kuronga kugadzirwa pa60% yehuwandu hwekugadzira. Tinotarisira kuti kubuda kwe electrolytic manganese hakuzowedzere zvakanyanya muna 2023.
Mwero wekushanda unoramba uri pa50%, uye mwero wekushanda uchachinja-chinja zvakanyanya muna 2022. Zvichikanganiswa nehurongwa hwemubatanidzwa muna 2022, mwero wekushanda kwemakambani eChina anogadzira manganese uchachinja-chinja zvakanyanya, neavhareji yekushanda kwegore iri 33.5%. Kumiswa kwekugadzirwa nekusimudzirwa kwakaitwa mukota yekutanga ya2022, uye mwero wekushanda muna Kukadzi naKurume waive 7% ne10.5% chete. Mushure mekunge mubatanidzwa waita musangano pakupera kwaChikunguru, mafekitori ari mumubatanidzwa akaderedza kana kumisa kugadzirwa, uye mwero wekushanda muna Nyamavhuvhu, Gunyana naGumiguru waive pasi pe30%.
1.4 Manganese dioxide: Inotungamirirwa ne lithium manganate, kukura kwekugadzirwa kunokurumidza uye kugona kwekugadzirwa kwacho kwakawanda.
Zvichikonzerwa nekudiwa kwezvinhu zve lithium manganate, Chinaelectrolytic manganese dioxideKugadzirwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvichikonzerwa nekudiwa kwezvinhu zve lithium manganate, kudiwa kwe lithium manganate electrolytic manganese dioxide kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye kugadzirwa kweChina kwakawedzerawo. Sekureva kwe "A Brief Overview of Global Manganese Ore and China's Manganese Product Production in 2020″ (Qin Deliang), kugadzirwa kwe electrolytic manganese dioxide muChina muna 2020 kwaive matani 351,000, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe14.3%. Muna 2022, mamwe makambani achamisa kugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa, uye kubuda kwe electrolytic manganese dioxide kuchaderera. Sekureva kwedata kubva kuShanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, kubuda kwe electrolytic manganese dioxide muChina muna 2022 kuchave matani 268,000.
Kugona kweChina kugadzira manganese dioxide yemagetsi kwakawanda muGuangxi, Hunan neGuizhou. China ndiyo inogadzira manganese dioxide yemagetsi akawanda pasi rose. Sekureva kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, kugadzirwa kwe manganese dioxide yemagetsi muChina kwakaita kuti pave ne73% yekugadzirwa kwepasi rose muna 2018. Kugadzirwa kwe manganese dioxide yemagetsi muChina kwakanyanya muGuangxi, Hunan neGuizhou, uye kugadzirwa kweGuangxi ndiko kwakanyanya. Sekureva kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, kugadzirwa kwe manganese dioxide yemagetsi muGuangxi kwakaita kuti pave ne74.4% yekugadzirwa kwenyika muna 2020.
1.5 Manganese sulfate: kubatsirwa nekuwedzera kwesimba rebhatiri uye kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda
Kugadzirwa kwemanganese sulfate muChina kunotora inenge 66% yekugadzirwa kwepasi rose, uye kugona kwayo kugadzira kwakawanda muGuangxi. Sekureva kweQYResearch, China ndiyo inogadzira uye inoshandisa manganese sulfate zvakanyanya pasi rose. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwemanganese sulfate muChina kwaive neanenge 66% yehuwandu hwese hwepasi rose; huwandu hwese hwekutengesa manganese sulfate pasi rose muna 2021 hwaive matani angangoita 550,000, ayo manganese sulfate yebhatiri yakaita inenge 41%. Huwandu hwese hwekutengesa manganese sulfate pasi rose hunotarisirwa kuva matani mamiriyoni 1.54 muna 2027, ayo manganese sulfate yebhatiri inoita inenge 73%. Sekureva kwe "A Brief Overview of Global Manganese Ore and China's Manganese Product Production muna 2020" (Qin Deliang), kugadzirwa kwemanganese sulfate muChina muna 2020 kwaive matani 479,000, kunyanya muGuangxi, zvichiita 31.7%.
Sekureva kwaBaichuan Yingfu, kugona kweChina kugadzira manganese sulfate pagore kuchave matani 500,000 muna 2022. Kugona kwekugadzira kwacho kwakasimba, CR3 iri 60%, uye kubuda kwayo matani 278,000. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kugona kwekugadzira kutsva kuchave matani 310,000 (Tianyuan Manganese Industry matani 300,000 + Nanhai Chemical matani 10,000).
2. Kudiwa kwemanganese: Maitiro ekugadzira maindasitiri ari kukurumidza, uye mupiro wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemanganese-based cathode uri kuwedzera.
2.1 Kudiwa kwechinyakare: 90% isimbi, inotarisirwa kuramba yakagadzikana
Indasitiri yesimbi inoumba 90% yezvinodiwa zve manganese ore pasi, uye kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e lithium-ion kuri kuwedzera. Sekureva kwe "IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)", manganese ore inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yesimbi, anopfuura 90% emanganese ore anoshandiswa mukugadzira silicon-manganese alloy uye manganese ferroalloy, uye manganese ore yasara inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe electrolytic manganese dioxide uye manganese sulfate yezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Sekureva kwaBaichuan Yingfu, maindasitiri e manganese ore pasi i manganese alloys, electrolytic manganese, uye manganese compounds. Pakati pawo, 60%-80% yemanganese ores anoshandiswa kugadzira manganese alloys (esimbi ne casting, nezvimwewo), uye 20% yemanganese ores anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa. Electrolytic manganese (inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi isina tsvina, ma alloys, nezvimwewo), 5-10% inoshandiswa kugadzira manganese compounds (inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zve ternary, magineti materials, nezvimwewo).
Manganese yesimbi isina kucheneswa: Kudiwa kwepasi rose kunotarisirwa kuva matani mamiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Sekureva kweInternational Manganese Association, manganese inoshandiswa se desulfurizer uye alloy additives muchimiro che high-carbon, medium-carbon kana low-carbon iron-manganese uye silicon-manganese panguva yekugadzira simbi isina kucheneswa. Inogona kudzivirira oxidation yakanyanya panguva yekuchenesa uye kudzivirira kutsemuka nekupwanyika. Inowedzera simba, kuomarara, kuomarara uye kuumbwa kwesimbi. Huremu hwe manganese hwesimbi yakakosha hwakakwira kupfuura hwesimbi ine kabhoni. Avhareji yehuwandu hwe manganese hwepasi rose hwesimbi isina kucheneswa inotarisirwa kuva 1.1%. Kutanga kubva muna 2021, National Development and Reform Commission nemamwe madhipatimendi achaita basa rekuderedza kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina kucheneswa, uye acharamba achiita basa rekuderedza kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina kucheneswa muna 2022, nemhedzisiro inoshamisa. Kubva muna 2020 kusvika 2022, kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina kucheneswa kwenyika kuchaderera kubva pamatani mabhiriyoni 1.065 kusvika pamatani mabhiriyoni 1.013. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mune ramangwana, kugadzirwa kwesimbi isina kucheneswa muChina nepasi rose kuchaenderera mberi.
2.2 Kudiwa kwemabhatiri: kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu zve cathode zvine manganese
Mabhatiri eLithium manganese oxide anonyanya kushandiswa mumusika wedhijitari, mumusika wemagetsi madiki uye mumusika wemotokari dzevafambi. Ane mashandiro akachengeteka uye mutengo wakaderera, asi ane simba rakaderera uye mashandiro emabhasikoro. Sekureva kweXinchen Information, kutumirwa kwezvinhu zveLithium manganate cathode muChina kubva muna 2019 kusvika 2021 kwaive matani 7.5/9.1/102,000 zvichiteerana, uye matani 66,000 muna 2022. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuderera kwehupfumi muChina muna 2022 uye kuenderera mberi kwemitengo yeLithium carbonate. Kukwira kwemitengo uye tarisiro yekushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Manganese ye lithium battery cathodes: Kudiwa kwenyika yose kunotarisirwa kuva matani 229,000 muna 2025, zvakaenzana nematani 216,000 e manganese dioxide uye matani 284,000 e manganese sulfate. Manganese inoshandiswa se cathode yemabhatiri e lithium inonyanya kukamurwa kuita manganese yemabhatiri e ternary uye manganese ye lithium manganate battery. Nekukura kwekutakura kwemagetsi e ternary battery mune ramangwana, tinofungidzira kuti kushandiswa kwe manganese pasi rose kwemabhatiri e ternary kuchawedzera kubva pa 61,000 kusvika 61,000 mu 22-25. matani akawedzera kusvika pa 92,000 matani, uye kudiwa kwakafanana kwe manganese sulfate kwakawedzera kubva pa 186,000 matani kusvika pa 284,000 matani (manganese source ye cathode material ye ternary battery i manganese sulfate); zvichikonzerwa nekukura kwekudiwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzine mavhiri maviri, sekureva kweXinchen Information naBoshi. Sekureva kweprospectus yetekinoroji yepamusoro, kutumirwa kwepasi rose kwe lithium manganate cathode kunotarisirwa kuva matani 224,000 mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwe manganese kwematani 136,000, uye kudiwa kwe manganese dioxide kunoenderana nematani 216,000 (manganese source ye lithium manganate cathode material i manganese dioxide).
Manyuko eManganese ane zvakanakira zvezviwanikwa zvakawanda, mitengo yakaderera, uye mahwindo ane simba rakawanda ezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemanganese. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira maindasitiri achikurumidza, mafekitori emabhatiri akadai seTesla, BYD, CATL, neGuoxuan High-tech akatanga kushandisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nemanganese-based cathode. Kugadzira.
Maitiro ekugadzira maindasitiri e lithium iron manganese phosphate anotarisirwa kukurumidziswa. 1) Kubatanidza zvakanakira lithium iron phosphate nemabhatiri eternary, ine zvese kuchengetedzeka uye huwandu hwesimba. Sekureva kweShanghai Nonferrous Network, lithium iron manganese phosphate ishanduro yakagadziridzwa ye lithium iron phosphate. Kuwedzera manganese element kunogona kuwedzera voltage yebhatiri. Kuwanda kwayo kwesimba redzidziso kwakakwira ne15% kupfuura kwe lithium iron phosphate, uye ine kugadzikana kwezvinhu. Toni imwe chete ye iron manganese phosphate Hunhu hwe lithium manganese huri 13%. 2) Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji: Nekuda kwekuwedzera manganese element, mabhatiri e lithium iron manganese phosphate ane matambudziko akadai sekusashanda zvakanaka uye kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwe cycle, izvo zvinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza ne particle nanotechnology, dhizaini ye morphology, ion doping uye surface coating. 3) Kukurumidza kwemaitiro eindasitiri: Makambani emabhatiri akadai seCATL, China Innovation Aviation, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Sunwoda, nezvimwewo ese akagadzira mabhatiri e lithium iron manganese phosphate; makambani e cathode akadai seDefang Nano, Rongbai Technology, Dangsheng Technology, nezvimwewo. Kurongeka kwezvinhu zve lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode; kambani yemotokari Niu GOVAF0 series mota dzemagetsi dzakashongedzerwa nemabhatiri e lithium iron manganese phosphate, NIO yatanga kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e lithium iron manganese phosphate muHefei, uye BYD's Fudi Battery yatanga kutenga lithium iron manganese phosphate Zvinhu: Tesla's domestic Model 3 facelift inoshandisa bhatiri idzva reCATL re M3P lithium iron phosphate.
Manganese ye lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode: Pasi pefungidziro dzisina kwadzakarerekera uye dzine tariro, kudiwa kwepasi rose kwe lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode kunotarisirwa kuva matani 268,000/358,000 mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye kudiwa kwe manganese kwakafanana i35,000/47,000 matani.
Sekureva kwezvakataurwa naGaogong Lithium Battery, panosvika gore ra2025, huwandu hwezvinhu zve lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode zvinopinda mumusika huchapfuura 15% zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zve lithium iron phosphate. Saka, tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu asina kwaakarerekera uye akanaka, huwandu hwezvinhu zve lithium iron manganese phosphate zvinopinda mumakore 23-25 zvichiteerana huchava 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%. Musika wemotokari dzine mavhiri maviri: Tinotarisira kuti mabhatiri e lithium iron manganese phosphate achakurumidza kupinda mumusika wemotokari dzine mavhiri maviri muChina. Nyika dzekunze hadzizofungidzirwi nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemutengo uye kudiwa kwesimba rakawanda. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kwaakarerekera uye akanaka mumakore 25, lithium iron manganese phosphate ichada ma cathodes 1.1/15,000 matani, uye kudiwa kwakafanana kwe manganese kuri 0.1/0.2 mamiriyoni matani. Musika wemotokari dzemagetsi: Tichifunga kuti lithium iron manganese phosphate inotsiva zvachose lithium iron phosphate uye inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemabhatiri eternary (zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvine chekuita neRongbai Technology, tinofungidzira kuti doping ratio i10%), zvinotarisirwa kuti neutral uye Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kudiwa kwe lithium iron manganese phosphate cathodes i257,000/343,000 matani, uye kudiwa kwe manganese kunoenderana i33,000/45,000 matani.
Parizvino, mitengo yemaminerari, manganese sulfate, uye manganese electrolytic iri padanho rakaderera munhoroondo, uye mutengo wemanganese dioxide uri padanho rakakwirira munhoroondo. Muna 2021, nekuda kwekudzora kushandiswa kwesimba kaviri uye kushomeka kwesimba, sangano iri rakamisa kugadzirwa pamwe chete, kuwanikwa kwemanganese emagetsi kwakadzikira, uye mitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti mitengo yemanganese, manganese sulfate, uye manganese emagetsi ikwire. Mushure megore ra2022, kudiwa kwemvura kwadzikira, uye mutengo wemanganese emagetsi wadzikira, nepo mutengo wemanganese dioxide wadzikira. Kune manganese, manganese sulfate, nezvimwewo, nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwemabhatiri e lithium ari pasi, kugadziriswa kwemitengo hakuna kukosha. Nekufamba kwenguva, kudiwa kwemvura kunonyanya kuve kwe manganese sulfate uye manganese dioxide mumabhatiri. Kubatsirwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zve cathode zvakagadzirwa nemanganese, nzvimbo yemitengo inotarisirwa kukwira.