Nā te rongonuitanga me te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko pūngao hou pērā i ngā pākahiko lithium manganate, kua nui te aro ki ngā rauemi pai e ahu mai ana i te manganese. I runga i ngā raraunga e tika ana, i whakarapopototia e te tari rangahau mākete o UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. te āhua whanaketanga o te umanga manganese o Haina hei tohutoro mā ō mātou kiritaki.
1. Te tuku konupora: Ko te mutunga o te mahi keri kohuke e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kawemai, ā, he tino kaha te whakaputa i ngā hua tukatuka.
1.1 Mekameka ahumahi konupora
He nui ngā momo hua konupora, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga maitai, ā, he nui te pūmanawa mō te hanga pākahiko. He hiriwa mā, he mārō, he pakarukaru te konganuku konupora. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei tango i te waikura, hei tango i te whanariki me te huānga whakarewa i roto i te tukanga hanga maitai. Ko te konupora silicon-konupora, te ferromanganese waro-waenga-iti me te ferromanganese waro-nui ngā hua kaihoko matua o te konupora. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki te konupora i roto i te hanga rauemi katote toru me ngā rauemi katote lithium manganate, he wāhi tono me te pūmanawa nui mō te tipu ā muri ake nei. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia te konganuku konupora mā te konupora whakarewa me te konupora matū. 1) Te awa whakarunga: Te keri me te whakakakahu konganuku. Ko ngā momo konganuku konupora ko te konganuku waikura konupora, te konganuku kāponāte konupora, me ētahi atu. 2) Te tukatuka waenga-awa: Ka taea te wehewehe kia rua ngā huarahi matua: te tikanga hangarau matū me te tikanga whakarewa. Ko ngā hua pēnei i te hauhā konupora, te konupora whakarewa, te ferromanganese me te silicomanganese ka tukatukahia mā te tango waikawa whanariki, te whakaiti oumu hiko rānei. 3) Ngā tono o raro: Ko ngā tono o raro ka kapi i ngā koranu maitai, ngā katote pākahiko, ngā whakakorikori, te rongoā me ētahi atu mara.
1.2 Te konganuku konupora: kei te kohikohia ngā rauemi kounga teitei ki tāwāhi, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana a Haina ki ngā kawemai
Kei Āwherika ki te Tonga, Haina, Ahitereiria me Brazil ngā konganuku konupūmā o te ao, ā, ko ngā rahui konganuku konupūmā o Haina te tuarua o te ao. He nui ngā rauemi konganuku konupūmā o te ao, engari kāore i te taurite te tohatoha. E ai ki ngā raraunga a Wind, tae noa ki Hakihea 2022, ko ngā rahui konganuku konupūmā kua whakamātauhia o te ao he 1.7 piriona tana, 37.6% o ēnei kei Āwherika ki te Tonga, 15.9% kei Brazil, 15.9% kei Ahitereiria, me te 8.2% kei Ukraine. I te tau 2022, ko ngā rahui konganuku konupūmā o Haina ka 280 miriona tana, ko te 16.5% o te katoa o te ao, ā, ko āna rahui ka tuarua o te ao.
He rerekē ngā taumata o ngā rauemi konupora o te ao, ā, kei tāwāhi ngā rauemi kounga teitei. Kei Āwherika ki te Tonga, ki Gabon, ki Ahitereiria me Brazil ngā konganuku whai konupora (kei roto neke atu i te 30% te konupora). Kei waenga i te 40-50% te taumata o te konganuku konupora, ā, neke atu i te 70% o ngā rahui o te ao ngā rahui. Ko Haina me Ukraine te nuinga o te wā e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rauemi konganuku konupora iti te taumata. Ko te nuinga, he iti iho i te 30% te nui o te konupora, ā, me tukatuka i mua i te whakamahinga.
Ko Āwherika ki te Tonga, Gabon me Ahitereiria ngā kaihanga konganuku nui o te ao, ā, ko Haina te 6%. E ai ki te hau, ko te hanga konganuku o te ao i te tau 2022 ka eke ki te 20 miriona tana, he hekenga tau-ki-te-tau o te 0.5%, ā, ko tāwāhi te neke atu i te 90%. I roto i ēnei, ko te putanga o Āwherika ki te Tonga, Gabon me Ahitereiria he 7.2 miriona, 4.6 miriona me te 3.3 miriona tana. Ko te putanga konganuku o Haina he 990,000 tana. E 5% noa iho o te hanga o te ao.
Kāore i te ōrite te tohatoha o te konganuku konupūmā i Haina, ko te nuinga kei Guangxi, Guizhou me ētahi atu wāhi. E ai ki te "Rangahau mō ngā Rauemi Manganese Ore me ngā Take Haumarutanga mekameka ahumahi o Haina" (Ren Hui et al.), ko ngā konganuku konupūmā o Haina he konganuku konupūmā kāponāte, he iti ake ngā konganuku waikura konupūmā me ētahi atu momo konganuku. E ai ki te Manatū Rauemi Taiao, ko ngā rahui rauemi konganuku konupūmā o Haina i te tau 2022 he 280 miriona tana. Ko te rohe me ngā rahui konganuku konupūmā teitei rawa ko Guangxi, me ngā rahui o te 120 miriona tana, e 43% o ngā rahui o te whenua; ā, whai muri ko Guizhou, me ngā rahui o te 50 miriona tana, e 43% o ngā rahui o te whenua. 18%.
He iti te rahi o ngā putunga konupūmā o Haina, ā, he iti te kounga. He torutoru noa ngā maina konupūmā nui i Haina, ā, ko te nuinga he konganuku hiroki. E ai ki te "Rangahau mō ngā Rauemi Konganuku Manganese me ngā Take Haumarutanga mekameka ahumahi o Haina" (Ren Hui et al.), ko te toharite o te kounga o te konganuku manganese i Haina he tata ki te 22%, he kounga iti. Kāore he konganuku manganese momona e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao, ā, ko ngā konganuku hiroki iti te kounga me whakamahi i muri i te whakapai ake i te kounga mā te tukatuka kohuke.
Ko te whakawhirinakitanga o Haina ki te kawemai i te konganuku konupūmā tata ki te 95%. Nā te iti o te kounga o ngā rauemi konganuku konupūmā o Haina, te nui o ngā poke, te nui o ngā utu keri, me ngā mana haumaru me te tiaki taiao pakari i roto i te umanga keri, kua heke te hanga konganuku konupūmā o Haina i ia tau, i ia tau. E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te US Geological Survey, kua heke te hanga konganuku konupūmā o Haina i ngā tau 10 kua pahure ake nei. I tino heke te hanga mai i te tau 2016 ki te 2018 me te 2021. Ko te hanga ā-tau o nāianei tata ki te 1 miriona tana. He nui te whakawhirinakitanga o Haina ki ngā kawemai konganuku konupūmā, ā, ko tōna whakawhirinakitanga ki waho kua neke atu i te 95% i roto i ngā tau e rima kua pahure ake nei. E ai ki ngā raraunga a Wind, ko te putanga konganuku konupūmā o Haina ka 990,000 tana i te tau 2022, ko ngā kawemai ka eke ki te 29.89 miriona tana, me te whakawhirinakitanga ki te kawemai tae atu ki te 96.8%.
1.3 Konupora hikohiko: Ko Haina te 98% o te hanga o te ao, ā, ko te kaha whakaputa he mea nui
Ko te hanga konupūmā hiko o Haina kei roto i ngā kawanatanga o waenganui me te hauauru. Ko te hanga konupūmā hiko o Haina kei Ningxia, Guangxi, Hunan me Guizhou te nuinga, ko te 31%, 21%, 20% me te 12% ia. E ai ki te Ahumahi Rino, ko te hanga konupūmā hiko o Haina te 98% o te hanga konupūmā hiko o te ao, ā, koia te kaihanga konupūmā hiko nui rawa atu o te ao.
He nui te kaha whakaputa o te umanga konupora hikohiko o Haina, ā, ko te kaha whakaputa o Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry e 33% o te katoa o te whenua. E ai ki a Baichuan Yingfu, i te marama o Hune 2023, ko te kaha whakaputa konupora hikohiko o Haina e 2.455 miriona tana. Ko ngā kamupene tekau o runga ko Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, Southern Manganese Group, Tianxiong Technology, me ētahi atu, me te kaha whakaputa katoa o te 1.71 miriona tana, e 70% te kaha whakaputa katoa o te whenua. I roto i a rātou, ko te kaha whakaputa ā-tau o Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry he 800,000 tana, e 33% te kaha whakaputa katoa o te whenua.
I pāngia e ngā kaupapa here ahumahi me te korenga o te hiko,konupora hikohikoKua heke te hanga i ngā tau tata nei. I ngā tau tata nei, me te whakaurunga o te whāinga "waro rua" a Haina, kua kaha ake ngā kaupapa here tiaki taiao, kua tere ake te tere o te whakapai ake i ngā ahumahi, kua whakakorehia te kaha whakaputa whakamuri, kua tino whakahaerehia te kaha whakaputa hou, ā, nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā here hiko i ētahi wāhi i whakawhāiti te hanga, kua heke te putanga i te tau 2021. I te Hōngongoi 2022, i tukuna e te Komiti Motuhake Manganese o te China Ferroalloy Industry Association he whakaaro hei whakawhāiti me te whakaiti i te hanga neke atu i te 60%. I te tau 2022, i heke te putanga manganese hiko o Haina ki te 852,000 tana (yoy-34.7%). I te Oketopa 22, i whakaarohia e te Komiti Mahi Auahatanga Metal Manganese Hikohiko o te China Mining Association te whāinga kia mutu te hanga katoa i te Hanuere 2023 me te 50% o te hanga mai i Pēpuere ki Tīhema. I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 22, i tūtohu te Komiti Mahi Auahatanga Metal Manganese Hikohiko o te China Mining Association kia haere tonu ngā umanga ki te whakamutu i te hanga me te whakapai ake, me te whakarite i te hanga i te 60% o te kaha whakaputa. E matapaetia ana kāore te putanga konupora hiko e tino piki ake i te tau 2023.
Kei te noho tonu te reiti whakahaere ki te 50% pea, ā, ka tino rerekē te reiti whakahaere i te tau 2022. Nā te pānga o te mahere hononga i te tau 2022, ka tino rerekē te reiti whakahaere o ngā kamupene konupora hikohiko o Haina, ko te reiti whakahaere toharite mō te tau he 33.5%. I whakamutua te whakaputanga me te whakapai ake i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2022, ā, ko ngā reiti whakahaere i Pēpuere me Poutū-te-rangi he 7% me te 10.5% noa iho. I muri i te hui a te hononga i te mutunga o Hūrae, i whakaitihia, i whakamutua rānei te whakaputanga e ngā wheketere i roto i te hononga, ā, ko ngā reiti whakahaere i Ākuhata, Hepetema me Oketopa he iti iho i te 30%.
1.4 Te hauhā konupora: Nā te konupora konupora i akiaki, ka tere te tipu o te whakaputanga, ā, ka kukū te kaha whakaputa.
Nā te hiahia nui mō ngā rauemi lithium manganate, i Hainahauhā konupora hikohikoKua tino piki ake te hanga. I ngā tau tata nei, nā te hiahia mō ngā rauemi lithium manganate, kua tino piki ake te hiahia mō te lithium manganate electrolytic manganese dioxide, ā, kua piki ake te hanga o Haina i muri mai. E ai ki te "He Tirohanga Poto mō te Ore Manganese o te Ao me te Hanganga Hua Manganese o Haina i te tau 2020" (Qin Deliang), ko te hanga hauhā manganese electrolytic o Haina i te tau 2020 he 351,000 tana, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 14.3%. I te tau 2022, ka whakamutua e ētahi kamupene te hanga mō te tiaki, ā, ka heke te putanga o te hauhā manganese electrolytic. E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, ko te putanga hauhā manganese electrolytic o Haina i te tau 2022 ka 268,000 tana.
Ko te kaha whakaputa konupūmā hauhā hiko o Haina kei Guangxi, Hunan me Guizhou. Ko Haina te kaihanga nui rawa atu o te ao mō te konupūmā hauhā hiko. E ai ki te Huajing Industrial Research Institute, ko te whakaputanga konupūmā hauhā hiko o Haina e 73% o te whakaputanga o te ao i te tau 2018. Ko te whakaputanga konupūmā hauhā hiko o Haina kei Guangxi, Hunan me Guizhou te nuinga, ā, ko te whakaputanga o Guangxi te wāhanga nui rawa atu. E ai ki te Huajing Industrial Research Institute, ko te whakaputanga konupūmā hauhā hiko o Guangxi e 74.4% o te whakaputanga o te motu i te tau 2020.
1.5 Te konupora konupora: e whai hua ana i te kaha o te pākahiko me te kaha whakaputa kukū
E 66% o te hanga o te ao i Haina te konupūmā whanariki, ā, ko te kaha hanga i Guangxi te pūtake. E ai ki a QYResearch, ko Haina te kaihanga me te kaihoko nui rawa atu o te ao i te konupūmā whanariki. I te tau 2021, e 66% o te katoa o te ao te hanga konupūmā whanariki a Haina; ko te tapeke o ngā hoko konupūmā whanariki o te ao i te tau 2021 he tata ki te 550,000 tāne, ā, ko te konupūmā whanariki papahiko te pūtake. E matapaetia ana ko te tapeke o ngā hoko konupūmā whanariki o te ao he 1.54 miriona tāne i te tau 2027, ā, ko te konupūmā whanariki papahiko te pūtake. E ai ki te "He Tirohanga Poto mō te Ore Manganese o te Ao me te Hanga Hua Manganese o Haina i te tau 2020" (Qin Deliang), ko te hanga konupūmā whanariki a Haina i te tau 2020 he 479,000 tāne, ko te nuinga i Guangxi te pūtake, e 31.7% te pūtake.
E ai ki a Baichuan Yingfu, ko te kaha whakaputa ā-tau o Haina mō te konupora konupora parakore teitei ka eke ki te 500,000 tāne i te tau 2022. He kukū te kaha whakaputa, ko te CR3 he 60%, ā, ko te putanga he 278,000 tāne. E matapaetia ana ko te kaha whakaputa hou ka eke ki te 310,000 tāne (Tianyuan Manganese Industry 300,000 tāne + Nanhai Chemical 10,000 tāne).
2. Te hiahia mō te konupūmā: Kei te tere haere te tukanga ahumahi, ā, kei te piki haere te takoha a ngā rauemi katote e ahu mai ana i te konupūmā.
2.1 Te tono tuku iho: 90% he maitai, e matapaetia ana ka noho pumau tonu
E 90% o te hiahia o te konganuku konupūmā i te ahumahi rino, ā, kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. E ai ki te "IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)", ko te konganuku konupūmā te mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te ahumahi rino, neke atu i te 90% o te konganuku konupūmā e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o te konukōre silicon-manganese me te konukōre ferroalloy manganese, ā, ko te konganuku manganese e toe ana e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga konukōre hauhā konupūmā hiko me te konukōre whanariki konupūmā o ētahi atu hua. E ai ki a Baichuan Yingfu, ko ngā ahumahi o raro o te konganuku konupūmā ko ngā konukōre manganese, te konukōre hiko, me ngā matū manganese. I roto i ēnei, 60%-80% o ngā konganuku konupūmā e whakamahia ana hei hanga konukōre manganese (mō te maitai me te whakarewa, me ētahi atu), ā, 20% o ngā konganuku konupūmā e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga. Ko te konukōre hiko (e whakamahia ana hei hanga kowiri tira, ngā konukōre, me ētahi atu), 5-10% e whakamahia ana hei hanga matū manganese (e whakamahia ana hei hanga rauemi toru, rauemi aukume, me ētahi atu).
Te konupūmā mō te maitai mata: E matapaetia ana ka eke te tono ā-ao ki te 20.66 miriona tana i roto i ngā tau 25. E ai ki te International Manganese Association, ka whakamahia te konupūmā hei tango i te whanariki me te tāpiri koranu i roto i te ahua o te rino-konupūmā waro-nui, waro-waenga, waro-iti rānei, me te silicon-konupūmā i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa maitai mata. Ka taea e ia te ārai i te waikura nui i te wā o te tukanga whakamahine, me te karo i te pakaru me te pakarukaru. Ka whakarei ake i te kaha, te pakari, te pakeke me te āheinga hanga o te maitai. He teitei ake te ihirangi konupūmā o te maitai motuhake i te maitai waro. Ko te ihirangi konupūmā toharite ā-ao o te maitai mata e matapaetia ana ko te 1.1%. Mai i te tau 2021, ka whakahaerehia e te National Development and Reform Commission me ētahi atu tari te mahi whakaiti i te hanga maitai mata ā-motu, ā, ka haere tonu te mahi whakaiti i te hanga maitai mata i te tau 2022, me ngā hua whakamiharo. Mai i te tau 2020 ki te tau 2022, ka heke te hanga maitai mata ā-motu mai i te 1.065 piriona tana ki te 1.013 piriona tana. E matapaetia ana ā muri ake nei ka noho tonu te hanga maitai mata o Haina me te ao.
2.2 Te hiahia mō te pākahiko: te takoha piki haere o ngā rauemi katote e hangai ana ki te konupūmā
Ko te nuinga o ngā pākahiko konupora konupora konupora e whakamahia ana i roto i te mākete matihiko, te mākete hiko iti me te mākete waka pāhihi. He teitei te mahi haumaru me te iti o te utu, engari he iti te kaha o te pūngao me te mahi huringa. E ai ki a Xinchen Information, ko ngā uta rauemi katote konupora konupora konupora konupora i Haina mai i te tau 2019 ki te 2021 he 7.5/9.1/102,000 tana, ā, 66,000 tana i te tau 2022. Ko te nuinga o tēnei nā te hekenga o te ōhanga i Haina i te tau 2022 me te pikinga tonu o te utu o ngā rauemi mata konupora konupora konupora. Te pikinga o ngā utu me te puhoi o ngā tumanakohanga kai.
Konupora mō ngā katote pākahiko lithium: E matapaetia ana ko te tono ā-ao ka eke ki te 229,000 tana i te tau 2025, he rite ki te 216,000 tana o te hauhā konupora me te 284,000 tana o te konupora whanariki. Ko te konupora e whakamahia ana hei rauemi katote mō ngā pākahiko lithium ka wehea te nuinga ki te konupora mō ngā pākahiko ternary me te konupora mō ngā pākahiko lithium manganate. I te tipu haere o ngā tuku pākahiko ternary hiko ā muri ake nei, e whakatau ana mātou ka piki ake te kai konupora ā-ao mō ngā pākahiko ternary hiko mai i te 61,000 ki te 61,000 i roto i te 22-25 tana. Kua piki ake ngā tana ki te 92,000 tana, ā, kua piki ake te tono mō te konupora whanariki mai i te 186,000 tana ki te 284,000 tana (ko te pūtake konupora o te rauemi katote o te pākahiko ternary ko te konupora whanariki); E ai ki a Xinchen Information me Boshi, nā te tipu haere o te hiahia mō ngā waka hiko wira-rua. E ai ki te pukapuka hangarau-teitei, e matapaetia ana ka eke te nui o ngā uta katote lithium manganate o te ao ki te 224,000 tāne i roto i ngā tau 25, e rite ana ki te kai konupūmā o te 136,000 tāne, me te hiahia konupūmā hauhā o te 216,000 tāne (ko te pūtake konupūmā o te rauemi katote lithium manganate ko te konupūmā hauhā).
He pai ngā puna konupora ki te nui o ngā rauemi, ki ngā utu iti, me ngā matapihi hiko teitei o ngā rauemi e ahu mai ana i te konupora. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te tere haere o te tukanga ahumahi, kua tīmata ngā wheketere pākahiko pēnei i a Tesla, BYD, CATL, me Guoxuan High-tech ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi katote e ahu mai ana i te konupora. Te whakaputa.
E tūmanakohia ana ka tere ake te tukanga ahumahi o te konupūmā konupūmā rino lithium. 1) Mā te whakakotahi i ngā painga o te konupūmā rino lithium me ngā pākahiko toru, he haumaru, he mātotoru hoki te kaha. E ai ki te Whatunga Kore-whakarewa o Shanghai, ko te konupūmā rino lithium he putanga whakapai ake o te konupūmā rino lithium. Mā te tāpiri i te huānga konupūmā ka taea te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko o te pākahiko. Ko tōna mātotoru pūngao ariā he 15% teitei ake i te konupūmā rino lithium, ā, he pumau te rauemi. Kotahi tana o te konupūmā rino konupūmā Ko te ihirangi konupūmā konupūmā lithium he 13%. 2) Te ahunga whakamua hangarau: Nā te tāpiri o te huānga konupūmā, he raruraru ngā pākahiko konupūmā rino lithium pēnei i te kawe hiko ngoikore me te roa o te huringa, ka taea te whakapai ake mā te nanotechnology matūriki, te hoahoa āhua, te tāpiri i te katote me te paninga mata. 3) Te tere ake o te tukanga ahumahi: Ko ngā kamupene pākahiko pēnei i a CATL, China Innovation Aviation, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Sunwoda, me ētahi atu kua whakaputa katoa i ngā pākahiko konupūmā rino lithium; ko ngā kamupene katote pēnei i a Defang Nano, Rongbai Technology, Dangsheng Technology, me ētahi atu. Te tahora o ngā rauemi katote konupūmā rino lithium konupūmā; Ko ngā waka hiko raupapa Niu GOVAF0 o te kamupene motuka he pākahiko konupora pāhare pākawa waro konupora rino lithium, kua tīmata a NIO ki te hanga iti i ngā pākahiko konupora pāhare pākawa waro konupora rino lithium i Hefei, ā, kua tīmata te Pūhiko Fudi a BYD ki te hoko konupora pāhare pākawa waro konupora rino lithium Ngā Rauemi: Ko te whakahoutanga ā-rohe o Tesla Model 3 e whakamahi ana i te pākahiko konupora pāhare pākawa waro konupora M3P hou a CATL.
Konupora mō te katote konupora rino konupora: I raro i ngā whakaaro kūpapa me te hihiri, e matapaetia ana ko te hiahia o te ao mō te katote konupora rino konupora rino konupora i roto i ngā tau 25 he 268,000/358,000 tāne, ā, ko te hiahia konupora e rite ana ko te 35,000/47,000 tāne.
E ai ki te matapae a te Pūhiko Ritiumu Gaogong, i te tau 2025, ka neke atu te tere urunga o ngā rauemi katote konupūmā rino lithium ki te 15% ki te whakataurite ki ngā rauemi konupūmā rino lithium. Nō reira, ki te whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga koretake me ngā āhuatanga pai, ko ngā tere urunga o te konupūmā rino lithium i roto i ngā tau 23-25 he 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%. Mākete waka wira-rua: E tumanako ana mātou ka tere ake te urunga o ngā pākahiko konupūmā rino lithium ki te mākete waka wira-rua hiko o Haina. Kāore e whakaarohia ngā whenua o tāwāhi nā te kore aro ki te utu me ngā whakaritenga kiato pūngao teitei. E tumanakohia ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga koretake me ngā āhuatanga pai i roto i ngā tau 25, ka nui ake te hiahia mō ngā katote i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai, ā, ko te hiahia mō te konupūmā he 0.1/0.2 miriona tana. Mākete waka hiko: Ki te whakaaro ka whakakapia katoatia te konupūmā konupūmā rino konupūmā ...
I tēnei wā, kei te iti rawa ngā utu o te konganuku konupūmā, te konupūmā whanariki, me te konupūmā hikohiko i roto i te hītori, ā, kei te teitei rawa te utu o te konupūmā hauhā i roto i te hītori. I te tau 2021, nā te whakahaere rua o te whakapaunga pūngao me te korenga o te hiko, kua mutu tahi te mahi whakaputa a te rōpū, kua heke te tuku o te konupūmā hikohiko, ā, kua piki tere ngā utu, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu o te konganuku konupūmā, te konupūmā whanariki, me te konupūmā hikohiko. I muri i te tau 2022, kua ngoikore te tono i raro iho, ā, kua heke te utu o te konupūmā hikohiko, i te mea kua heke te utu o te konupūmā hauhā hikohiko. Mō te konupūmā, te konupūmā whanariki, me ētahi atu, nā te pikinga tonu o ngā pākahiko lithium i raro iho, kāore i te nui te whakatikatika utu. I te wā roa, ko te tono i raro iho ko te konupūmā whanariki me te konupūmā hauhā i roto i ngā pākahiko. I te whai huatanga mai i te nui haere o ngā rauemi cathode e hangai ana ki te konupūmā, e matapaetia ana ka neke ake te pokapū utu.