1. Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-Polysilicon: Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ingxenye engezansi igxile kuma-semiconductor e-photovoltaic
I-Polysilicon ikhiqizwa kakhulu nge-silicon yezimboni, i-chlorine kanye ne-hydrogen, futhi itholakala phezulu kwe-photovoltaic kanye ne-semiconductor industry chains. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CPIA, indlela yamanje yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon emhlabeni yindlela ye-Siemens eguquliwe, ngaphandle kweShayina, ngaphezu kwama-95% e-polysilicon akhiqizwa yindlela ye-Siemens eguquliwe. Enqubweni yokulungiselela i-polysilicon ngendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe, okokuqala, igesi ye-chlorine ihlanganiswa negesi ye-hydrogen ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen chloride, bese isabela ne-silicon powder ngemva kokuchoboza nokugaya i-silicon yezimboni ukukhiqiza i-trichlorosilane, encishiswa kakhulu yigesi ye-hydrogen ukukhiqiza i-polysilicon. I-Polycrystalline silicon ingancibilikiswa futhi ipholiswe ukwenza ama-polycrystalline silicon ingots, kanti i-monocrystalline silicon ingakhiqizwa yi-Czochralski noma i-zone melting. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polycrystalline silicon, i-single crystal silicon yakhiwe ngama-crystal grains ane-crystal orientation efanayo, ngakho-ke inokusebenza kahle kogesi kanye nokuguqulwa. Zombili izingodo ze-silicon ezinama-polycrystalline kanye nezinduku ze-silicon ezingama-monocrystalline zingasikwa futhi zicutshungulwe zibe ama-wafer namaseli e-silicon, okuba yizingxenye ezibalulekile zamamojula e-photovoltaic futhi asetshenziswa ensimini ye-photovoltaic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-wafer e-silicon angama-single crystal angakhiwa futhi abe ama-wafer e-silicon ngokugaya okuphindaphindiwe, ukupholisha, i-epitaxy, ukuhlanza kanye nezinye izinqubo, ezingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zamadivayisi kagesi e-semiconductor.
Okuqukethwe kokungcola kwe-polysilicon kuyadingeka kakhulu, futhi imboni inezimpawu zokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu. Njengoba ubumsulwa be-polysilicon buzoyithinta kakhulu inqubo yokudweba i-silicon eyodwa yekristalu, izidingo zobumsulwa ziqine kakhulu. Ubumsulwa obuncane be-polysilicon bungu-99.9999%, kanti obuphezulu bucishe bube yi-100%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga kazwelonke aseShayina abeka phambili izidingo ezicacile zokuqukethwe kokungcola, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-polysilicon ihlukaniswe ngamabanga I, II, kanye ne-III, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-boron, i-phosphorus, i-oxygen kanye ne-carbon kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokubhekisela. "Izimo Zokufinyelela Imboni ye-Polysilicon" zibeka ukuthi amabhizinisi kumele abe nohlelo lokuhlola nokuphatha ikhwalithi oluzwakalayo, futhi amazinga omkhiqizo ahambisana ngokuqinile namazinga kazwelonke; Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokufinyelela zidinga futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezinkampani zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon, njenge-polysilicon yebanga lelanga, i-electronic-grade. Isikali sephrojekthi sikhulu kunamathani angu-3000 ngonyaka kanye namathani angu-1000 ngonyaka ngokulandelana, futhi isilinganiso esincane semali ekutshalweni kwezimali kwemiklamo emisha yokwakha nokwakha kabusha kanye nokwandisa akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-30%, ngakho-ke i-polysilicon iyimboni edinga imali eningi. Ngokwezibalo ze-CPIA, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zemishini yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon engamathani ayi-10,000 eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-2021 ikhuphuke kancane yaya ku-103 million yuan/kt. Isizathu ukwenyuka kwentengo yezinto zensimbi eziningi. Kulindeleke ukuthi izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali esikhathini esizayo zizokhula ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bemishini yokukhiqiza kanye nokwehla kwe-monomer njengoba usayizi ukhuphuka. Ngokusho kwemithetho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-polysilicon kokunciphisa i-solar-grade kanye ne-electronic-grade Czochralski kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-60 kWh/kg kanye no-100 kWh/kg ngokulandelana, futhi izidingo zezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwamandla ziqinile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kuvame ukuba ngeyemboni yamakhemikhali. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi umkhawulo wemizila yobuchwepheshe, ukukhethwa kwemishini, ukuqalwa kanye nokusebenza uphakeme. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihilela ukusabela okuningi kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi inani lama-node okulawula lingaphezu kwe-1,000. Kunzima kwabaqalayo abasha. Bayakwazi ubuciko obuvuthiwe ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kunezithiyo ezinkulu zemali kanye nobuchwepheshe embonini yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon, ephinde ikhuthaze abakhiqizi be-polysilicon ukuthi benze ukulungiswa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe kwenqubo yokugeleza, ukupakisha kanye nenqubo yokuthutha.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Polysilicon: ubumsulwa bunquma ukusetshenziswa, kanti ibanga lelanga lithatha indawo evamile
I-polycrystalline silicon, uhlobo lwe-elemental silicon, yakhiwe ngama-crystal grains anezindlela ezahlukene ze-crystal, futhi ihlanzwa kakhulu ngokucubungula i-silicon yezimboni. Ukubonakala kwe-polysilicon kuwukukhanya kwensimbi okumpunga, kanti iphuzu lokuncibilika lingaba ngu-1410℃. Ayisebenzi ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi isebenza kakhulu esimweni esincibilikisiwe. I-Polysilicon inezakhiwo ze-semiconductor futhi iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ye-semiconductor, kodwa inani elincane lokungcola lingathinta kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwayo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa i-polysilicon. Ngaphezu kokuhlukanisa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina, kunezindlela ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuhlukanisa ezethulwa lapha. Ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zobumsulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa, i-polysilicon ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-polysilicon yebanga lelanga kanye ne-polysilicon yebanga le-elektroniki. I-polysilicon yebanga lelanga isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli e-photovoltaic, kuyilapho i-polysilicon yebanga le-elektroniki isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yesekethe ehlanganisiwe njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zama-chips nokunye ukukhiqizwa. Ubumsulwa be-polysilicon yezinga lelanga bungu-6~8N, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kokungcola okuphelele kuyadingeka kube ngaphansi kuka-10 -6, kanti ubumsulwa be-polysilicon kumele bufinyelele ku-99.9999% noma ngaphezulu. Izidingo zobumsulwa be-polysilicon yezinga le-elekthronikhi ziqinile kakhulu, okungenani zingu-9N kanye nobuningi bamanje obungu-12N. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yezinga le-elekthronikhi kunzima kakhulu. Zimbalwa izinkampani zaseShayina eziye zafunda ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-polysilicon yezinga le-elekthronikhi, futhi zisancike kakhulu ekungenisweni. Njengamanje, umkhiqizo we-polysilicon yezinga lelanga mkhulu kakhulu kunowe-polysilicon yezinga le-elekthronikhi, kanti owokuqala cishe uphindwe izikhathi ezingu-13.8 kunowe-owokugcina.
Ngokusho komehluko wokungcola kwe-doping kanye nohlobo lwe-conductivity yezinto ze-silicon, ingahlukaniswa ibe uhlobo lwe-P kanye nohlobo lwe-N. Uma i-silicon ifakwe izakhi zokungcola ze-acceptor, njenge-boron, i-aluminium, i-gallium, njll., ilawulwa ukuqhutshwa kwemigodi futhi uhlobo lwe-P. Uma i-silicon ifakwe izakhi zokungcola ze-donor, njenge-phosphorus, i-arsenic, i-antimony, njll., ilawulwa ukuqhutshwa kwe-electron futhi uhlobo lwe-N. Amabhethri ohlobo lwe-P afaka kakhulu amabhethri e-BSF namabhethri e-PERC. Ngo-2021, amabhethri e-PERC azoba ngaphezu kuka-91% wemakethe yomhlaba wonke, kanti amabhethri e-BSF azosuswa. Ngesikhathi i-PERC ithatha indawo ye-BSF, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaseli ohlobo lwe-P kukhuphuke kusuka ngaphansi kuka-20% kuya ngaphezu kuka-23%, okuseduze nokusondela emkhawulweni ophezulu wethiyori ongu-24.5%, kuyilapho umkhawulo ophezulu wethiyori wamaseli ohlobo lwe-N ungama-28.7%, kanti amaseli ohlobo lwe-N anokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu, Ngenxa yezinzuzo zesilinganiso esiphakeme se-bifacial kanye ne-coefficient yokushisa okuphansi, izinkampani seziqalile ukufaka imigqa yokukhiqiza ngobuningi yamabhethri ohlobo lwe-N. Ngokusho kokubikezela kwe-CPIA, ingxenye yamabhethri ohlobo lwe-N izokhula kakhulu kusuka ku-3% kuya ku-13.4% ngo-2022. Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, ukuphindaphinda kwebhethri lohlobo lwe-N kuya kubhethri lohlobo lwe-P kuzoqaliswa. Ngokusho kwekhwalithi ehlukile yobuso, ingahlukaniswa ngezinto ezixinene, izinto zekholifulawa nezinto zekhorali. Ubuso bezinto ezixinene bunezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokugoba, ngaphansi kuka-5mm, akukho ukungafani kombala, akukho ukungezwani kwe-oxidation, kanye nentengo ephezulu kakhulu; Ubuso bezinto zekholifulawa bunezinga eliphakathi lokugoba, 5-20mm, ingxenye iphakathi, futhi intengo iphakathi nendawo; kuyilapho ubuso bezinto zekholifulawa bunokuqina okukhulu, Ukujula kukhulu kuno-20mm, ingxenye ikhululekile, futhi intengo iphansi kakhulu. Izinto eziqinile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukudweba i-silicon e-monocrystalline, kuyilapho izinto zekholifulawa nezinto zekholifulawa zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ama-wafer e-silicon e-polycrystalline. Ekukhiqizweni kwansuku zonke kwamabhizinisi, izinto eziqinile zingafakwa ngaphansi kuka-30% wezinto zekholifulawa ukukhiqiza i-silicon e-monocrystalline. Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zingongiwa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zekholifulawa kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudonsa ikristalu ngezinga elithile. Amabhizinisi adinga ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele sokudonsa i-doping ngemva kokukala lokhu okubili. Muva nje, umehluko wentengo phakathi kwezinto eziqinile nezinto zekholifulawa uzinzile ku-3 RMB /kg. Uma umehluko wentengo unwetshwa kakhulu, izinkampani zingase zicabangele ukufaka i-doping izinto zekholifulawa eziningi ekudonseni i-silicon e-monocrystalline.
3. Inqubo: Indlela ye-Siemens ithatha indawo evamile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuba yisihluthulelo soshintsho lobuchwepheshe
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon ihlukaniswe cishe ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala, i-powder ye-silicon yezimboni iphendulwa nge-hydrogen chloride engenamanzi ukuze kutholakale i-trichlorosilane ne-hydrogen. Ngemva kokuhluzwa okuphindaphindiwe nokuhlanzwa, i-trichlorosilane enegesi, i-dichlorodihydrosilicon ne-Silane; isinyathelo sesibili ukunciphisa igesi ephezulu ehlanzekile okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ibe yi-silicon ekristali, kanti isinyathelo sokunciphisa sihlukile endleleni ye-Siemens eguquliwe kanye nendlela ye-silane fluidized bed. Indlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe inobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuvuthiwe kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo, futhi njengamanje ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusetshenziswa kakhulu. Indlela yendabuko yokukhiqiza ye-Siemens ukusebenzisa i-chlorine ne-hydrogen ukuhlanganisa i-hydrogen chloride engenamanzi, i-hydrogen chloride kanye ne-silicon yezimboni enophuphu ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-trichlorosilane ekushiseni okuthile, bese ihlukanisa, ilungisa futhi ihlanze i-trichlorosilane. I-silicon ibhekana nokusabela kokunciphisa ukushisa esithandweni sokunciphisa i-hydrogen ukuze kutholakale i-silicon eyisisekelo ebekwe enkabeni ye-silicon. Ngalesi sisekelo, inqubo ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe ifakwe nenqubo esekelayo yokuvuselela inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo efana ne-hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, kanye ne-silicon tetrachloride ekhiqizwa enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukubuyiswa kwegesi yomsila kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kabusha i-silicon tetrachloride. I-Hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, i-trichlorosilane, kanye ne-silicon tetrachloride egesini yokukhipha umoya zihlukaniswa ngokubuyiswa okomile. I-Hydrogen kanye ne-hydrogen chloride zingaphinde zisetshenziswe ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kuhlanzwe nge-trichlorosilane, kanti i-trichlorosilane iphinda isetshenziswe ngqo ekunciphiseni ukushisa. Ukuhlanzwa kwenziwa esithandweni, kanti i-silicon tetrachloride ifakwa i-hydrogenated ukuze kukhiqizwe i-trichlorosilane, engasetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni. Lesi sinyathelo sibizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-hydrogenation ebandayo. Ngokuqaphela ukukhiqizwa kwesekethe evaliwe, amabhizinisi anganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nogesi, ngaleyo ndlela onge ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe eShayina zifaka phakathi izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwehla kwenani, izindleko zokucubungula, njll. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe embonini yehlise kakhulu izindleko. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zibhekisela kakhulu ku-silicon yezimboni kanye ne-trichlorosilane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufaka phakathi ugesi kanye nomusi, kanti izindleko zokucubungula zibhekisela ezindleleni zokuhlola nokulungisa imishini yokukhiqiza. Ngokusho kwezibalo zikaBaichuan Yingfu ngezindleko zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2022, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyizinto ezibiza kakhulu, ezibalelwa ku-41% wezindleko eziphelele, lapho i-silicon yezimboni ingumthombo oyinhloko we-silicon. Ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-silicon evame ukusetshenziswa embonini kumelela inani le-silicon elisetshenziswa ngeyunithi ngayinye yemikhiqizo ye-silicon ehlanzekile kakhulu. Indlela yokubala ukuguqula zonke izinto eziqukethe i-silicon ezifana ne-silicon yezimboni ekhishwe ngaphandle kanye ne-trichlorosilane ibe yi-silicon emsulwa, bese kususwa i-chlorosilane ekhishwe ngaphandle njengoba kuchazwe ku-Inani le-silicon ehlanzekile eguqulwe kusuka ku-silicon content ratio. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CPIA, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon lizokwehla ngo-0.01 kg/kg-Si liye ku-1.09 kg/kg-Si ngo-2021. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kwe-hydrogenation ebandayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemikhiqizo elandelanayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kuye ku-1.07 kg/kg ngo-2030. kg-Si. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon kwezinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu zaseShayina embonini ye-polysilicon kuphansi kunesilinganiso semboni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezimbili zazo zizosebenzisa u-1.08 kg/kg-Si kanye no-1.05 kg/kg-Si ngokulandelana ngo-2021. Ingxenye yesibili ephezulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okubalwa u-32% iyonke, lapho ugesi ubala u-30% wezindleko eziphelele, okubonisa ukuthi intengo kagesi kanye nokusebenza kahle kuseyizinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-polysilicon. Izinkomba ezimbili ezinkulu zokulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa kubhekisela enkambisweni yokunciphisa i-trichlorosilane ne-hydrogen ukukhiqiza izinto ze-silicon ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuhlanganisa ukushisa kwangaphambili kwe-silicon core kanye nokufakwa. , ukulondolozwa kokushisa, ukuphefumula kokugcina kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenqubo. Ngo-2021, ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele okumaphakathi kokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kuzokwehla ngo-5.3% unyaka nonyaka kuya ku-63kWh/kg-Si, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa okumaphakathi kuzokwehla ngo-6.1% unyaka nonyaka kuya ku-46kWh/kg-Si, okulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwenani nakho kuyinto ebalulekile yezindleko, ebalelwa ku-17%. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokusho kwedatha ye-Baichuan Yingfu, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele ze-polysilicon ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2022 zazicishe zibe ngu-55,816 yuan/ton, intengo emaphakathi ye-polysilicon emakethe yayicishe ibe ngu-260,000 yuan/ton, kanti inzuzo enkulu yayiphezulu njengo-70% noma ngaphezulu, ngakho kwaheha inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi atshala imali ekwakheni amandla okukhiqiza i-polysilicon.
Kunezindlela ezimbili abakhiqizi be-polysilicon abanciphisa ngazo izindleko, enye iwukunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanti enye iwukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa, abakhiqizi banganciphisa izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokusayina izivumelwano zokubambisana zesikhathi eside nabakhiqizi be-silicon yezimboni, noma ukwakha umthamo wokukhiqiza ohlanganisiwe ohlanganisayo ongaphezulu nophansi. Isibonelo, izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon zithembele kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwazo kwe-silicon yezimboni. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kukagesi, abakhiqizi banganciphisa izindleko zikagesi ngokusebenzisa amanani kagesi aphansi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele. Cishe u-70% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphelele ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, futhi ukunciphisa nakho kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-silicon ekristalu ehlanzekile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, iningi lamandla okukhiqiza i-polysilicon eShayina ligxile ezifundeni ezinamanani kagesi aphansi njenge-Xinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, i-Sichuan ne-Yunnan. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwenqubomgomo ye-carbon ezimbili, kunzima ukuthola inani elikhulu lezinsiza zamandla ezishibhile. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuze kuncishiswe kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa izindleko namuhla. Indlela. Njengamanje, indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa iwukwandisa inani lama-silicon cores esithandweni sokunciphisa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe umkhiqizo weyunithi eyodwa. Njengamanje, izinhlobo zesithando sokunciphisa ezivamile eShayina zingama-pair angu-36 ezinduku, ama-pair angu-40 ezinduku kanye nama-pair angu-48 ezinduku. Uhlobo lwesithando luthuthukiswe lwaba ama-pair angu-60 ezinduku kanye nama-pair angu-72 ezinduku, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, luphinde lubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza lamabhizinisi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe, indlela yombhede ogcwele amanzi we-silane inezinzuzo ezintathu, enye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, enye ukukhipha okuphezulu kwekristalu, kanti eyesithathu ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe be-CCZ continuous Czochralski obuthuthukisiwe. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Silicon Industry Branch, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwendlela yombhede ogcwele amanzi we-silane kungu-33.33% wendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa kungu-10% wendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe. Indlela yombhede ogcwele amanzi we-silane inezinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa amandla. Ngokuphathelene nokudonsa ngekristalu, izakhiwo zomzimba ze-granular silicon zingenza kube lula ukugcwalisa ngokugcwele i-quartz crucible ku-single crystal silicon pulling rod link. I-polycrystalline silicon kanye ne-granular silicon kungandisa amandla okushaja nge-single furnace crucible ngo-29%, ngenkathi kunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja ngo-41%, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudonsa kwe-single crystal silicon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-granular silicon inobubanzi obuncane kanye nokugeleza okuhle, okulungele kakhulu indlela ye-CCZ continuous Czochralski. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokudonsa ikristalu elilodwa ezindaweni eziphakathi nezingezansi yindlela yokuphinda i-RCZ single crystal, okuwukuphakela kabusha nokudonsa ikristalu ngemva kokudonsa induku eyodwa yekristalu ye-silicon. Ukudweba kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, okusindisa isikhathi sokupholisa senduku eyodwa yekristalu ye-silicon, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphakeme. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwendlela ye-CCZ eqhubekayo yeCzochralski kuzokhulisa nesidingo se-silicon ehlanganisiwe. Nakuba i-silicon ehlanganisiwe inezinkinga ezithile, njengempuphu ye-silicon eningi ekhiqizwa ukungqubuzana, indawo enkulu ebusweni kanye nokumuncwa kalula kokungcola, kanye ne-hydrogen ehlanganiswe ibe yi-hydrogen ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, okulula ukubangela ukweqa, kodwa ngokusho kwezimemezelo zakamuva zamabhizinisi e-silicon ehlanganisiwe afanelekile, lezi zinkinga ziyathuthukiswa futhi kwenziwe intuthuko ethile.
Inqubo yombhede oxutshwe nge-silane isivuthiwe eYurophu nase-United States, futhi isesencane ngemva kokwethulwa kwamabhizinisi aseShayina. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1980, i-silicon yakwamanye amazwe exutshwe nge-granular emelelwe yi-REC kanye ne-MEMC yaqala ukuhlola ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon exutshwe nge-granular futhi yathola ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Phakathi kwabo, amandla okukhiqiza e-REC aphelele e-silicon exutshwe nge-granular afinyelele amathani ayi-10,500 ngonyaka ngo-2010, futhi uma iqhathaniswa nozakwabo be-Siemens ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, yayinenzuzo yezindleko okungenani ezingama-US$2-3/kg. Ngenxa yezidingo zokudonsa ngekristalu elilodwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon exutshwe nge-granular yenkampani kwahlala phansi futhi ekugcineni kwamisa ukukhiqizwa, futhi yaphendukela ebhizinisini elihlangene neChina ukusungula ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza ukuze lihlanganyele ekukhiqizweni kwe-silicon exutshwe nge-granular.
4. Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-silicon yezimboni iyinto yokusetshenziswa eyinhloko, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokwandiswa kwe-polysilicon
I-silicon yezimboni iyinto eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon. Kulindeleke ukuthi umkhiqizo we-silicon yezimboni waseShayina uzokhula kancane kancane kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni yaseShayina kusesigabeni sokukhula, kanti isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka samandla okukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo sifinyelela ku-7.4% kanye no-8.6%, ngokulandelana. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-SMM, ukwanda okushaumthamo wokukhiqiza we-silicon yezimbonieShayina kuzoba amathani angu-890,000 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.065 ngo-2022 nango-2023. Uma sicabanga ukuthi izinkampani ze-silicon zezimboni zizoqhubeka nokugcina izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezinga lokusebenza elingaba ngu-60% esikhathini esizayo, ukwanda okusha kweShayinaUmthamo wokukhiqiza ngo-2022 nango-2023 uzoletha ukwanda komkhiqizo ngamathani angu-320,000 namathani angu-383,000. Ngokusho kwezilinganiso ze-GFCI,Umthamo wokukhiqiza i-silicon yezimboni yaseShayina ngomhlaka-22/23/24/25 cishe ungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.90/697/6.71/6.5, okuhambisana namathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.55/391/4.18/4.38.
Izinga lokukhula kwezindawo ezimbili ezisele ze-silicon yezimboni ezibekwe phezulu lihamba kancane, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni yaseShayina kungahlangabezana nokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon. Ngo-2021, amandla okukhiqiza i-silicon yezimboni yaseShayina azoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.385, okuhambisana nomkhiqizo wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.213, lapho i-polysilicon, i-silicon yezemvelo, kanye ne-aluminium alloys kuzodla amathani angu-623,000, amathani angu-898,000, kanye namathani angu-649,000, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe amathani angu-780,000 omkhiqizo asetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwe-polysilicon, i-silicon yezemvelo, kanye ne-aluminium alloys kuzobalelwa ku-19%, 28%, kanye no-20% we-silicon yezimboni, ngokulandelana. Kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, izinga lokukhula lokukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi lihlale cishe ku-10%, kanti izinga lokukhula lokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium alloy liphansi kuno-5%. Ngakho-ke, sikholelwa ukuthi inani le-silicon yezimboni elingasetshenziswa kwi-polysilicon ngo-2022-2025 lanele, elingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo ze-polysilicon.
5. Ukunikezwa kwe-Polysilicon:IShayinainesikhundla esiphezulu, futhi ukukhiqiza kuqoqana kancane kancane kube amabhizinisi aholayo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi kuye kwaqoqwa kancane kancane eShayina. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yonyaka emhlabeni wonke kuye kwanda kusuka kumathani angu-432,000 kuya kumathani angu-631,000, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo ngo-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-21.11%. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kuye kwagxila kancane kancane eShayina, kanti isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon eShayina sanda kusuka ku-56.02% ngo-2017 saya ku-80.03% ngo-2021. Uma kuqhathaniswa izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu emandleni okukhiqiza i-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke ngo-2010 nango-2021, kungatholakala ukuthi inani lezinkampani zaseShayina likhuphuke kusuka ku-4 laya ku-8, kanti isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza ezinye izinkampani zaseMelika naseKorea sehle kakhulu, saphuma emaqenjini ayishumi aphezulu, njenge-HEMOLOCK, i-OCI, i-REC kanye ne-MEMC; Ukuhlushwa kwemboni kukhuphuke kakhulu, kanti amandla okukhiqiza aphelele ezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu embonini akhuphuke kusuka ku-57.7% kuya ku-90.3%. Ngo-2021, kunezinkampani ezinhlanu zaseShayina ezibalelwa ngaphezu kuka-10% wamandla okukhiqiza, okubalwa u-65.7%. Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudluliselwa kancane kancane kwemboni ye-polysilicon eShayina. Okokuqala, abakhiqizi be-polysilicon baseShayina banezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ugesi kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Iholo labasebenzi liphansi kunelamazwe angaphandle, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza zizonke eShayina ziphansi kakhulu kunezamazwe angaphandle, futhi zizoqhubeka nokwehla ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe; okwesibili, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-polysilicon yaseShayina ithuthuka njalo, iningi layo lisezingeni le-solar-grade first-class, kanti amabhizinisi athuthukile ngamanye asesimweni sobumsulwa. Kwenziwe ukuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-polysilicon ephezulu ye-electronic, kancane kancane okuletha ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-polysilicon yasekhaya ye-electronic-grade ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi amabhizinisi aholayo aseShayina akhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi e-polysilicon ye-electronic-grade. Umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza ama-wafer e-silicon eShayina ungaphezu kwama-95% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke, okuye kwandisa kancane kancane izinga lokuzimela kwe-polysilicon eShayina, okuye kwacindezela imakethe yamabhizinisi e-polysilicon aphesheya kwezilwandle ngezinga elithile.
Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke we-polysilicon eShayina uzokhula kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezicebile ngemithombo yamandla njengeXinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, neSichuan. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaseShayina kuzokhula kusuka kumathani angu-392,000 kuya kumathani angu-505,000, okuwukwenyuka okungu-28.83%. Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wokukhiqiza, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon yaseShayina ngokuvamile ube sezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa wehlile ngo-2020 ngenxa yokuvalwa kwabanye abakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezinkampanini ze-polysilicon zaseShayina belilokhu likhula njalo kusukela ngo-2018, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-2021 lizofinyelela ku-97.12%. Ngokuphathelene nezifundazwe, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaseShayina ngo-2021 kugxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanani aphansi kagesi njengeXinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, neSichuan. Umkhiqizo we-Xinjiang ungamathani angu-270,400, okungaphezu kwengxenye yomkhiqizo wonke eShayina.
Imboni ye-polysilicon yaseShayina iphawuleka ngezinga eliphezulu lokugxilisa ingqondo, enenani le-CR6 elingu-77%, futhi kuzoba nomkhuba okhuphukayo esikhathini esizayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Polysilicon kuyimboni enezimali eziningi kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu. Umjikelezo wokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokukhiqiza uvame ukuba yiminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Kunzima kubakhiqizi abasha ukungena embonini. Uma sibheka ukwanda okuhleliwe okwaziwayo kanye namaphrojekthi amasha eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, abakhiqizi be-oligopolistic embonini bazoqhubeka nokwandisa amandla abo okukhiqiza ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babo kanye nezinzuzo zesikali, futhi isikhundla sabo sodwa sizoqhubeka nokukhula.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-polysilicon eShayina kuzoletha ukukhula okukhulu kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.194 ngo-2025, okuqhuba ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2021, ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwentengo ye-polysilicon eShayina, abakhiqizi abakhulu batshale imali ekwakhiweni kwemigqa emisha yokukhiqiza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo baheha abakhiqizi abasha ukuba bajoyine imboni. Njengoba amaphrojekthi e-polysilicon ezothatha okungenani unyaka owodwa nesigamu kuya kwemibili kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekukhiqizweni, ukwakhiwa okusha ngo-2021 kuzoqedwa. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ngokuvamile ufakwa ekukhiqizweni engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022 no-2023. Lokhu kuhambisana kakhulu nezinhlelo ezintsha zephrojekthi ezimenyezelwe abakhiqizi abakhulu njengamanje. Umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza ngo-2022-2025 ugxile kakhulu ngo-2022 no-2023. Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba ukuhlinzekwa nesidingo se-polysilicon kanye nentengo kuzinza kancane kancane, umthamo wokukhiqiza ophelele embonini uzozinza kancane kancane. Yehla, okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula kwamandla okukhiqiza liyehla kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezinkampani ze-polysilicon lihlale lisezingeni eliphezulu eminyakeni emibili edlule, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza amaphrojekthi amasha akhuphuke, futhi kuzothatha inqubo yokuthi abasanda kuqala baqonde ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obufanele. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla amaphrojekthi amasha e-polysilicon eminyakeni embalwa ezayo lizoba liphansi. Kusukela kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon ngo-2022-2025 kungabikezelwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon ngo-2025 kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.194.
Ukugxila komthamo wokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi izinga kanye nesivinini sokwanda komkhiqizo eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ngeke kube phezulu njengelaseShayina. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon kwamanye amazwe ugxile kakhulu ezinkampanini ezine ezihamba phambili, kanti ezinye zincane kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene nomthamo wokukhiqiza, i-Wacker Chem ithatha ingxenye yomthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon kwamanye amazwe. Izimboni zayo eJalimane nase-United States zinamandla okukhiqiza angamathani angu-60,000 namathani angu-20,000, ngokulandelana. Ukwanda okukhulu komthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 nangale kwalokho kungabangela ukukhathazeka ngokulethwa ngokweqile, inkampani isesesimeni sokulinda futhi ayihlelanga ukwengeza umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza. I-OCI enkulu yaseNingizimu Korea ithuthela kancane kancane umugqa wayo wokukhiqiza i-polysilicon wezinga lelanga eMalaysia ngenkathi igcina umugqa wokuqala wokukhiqiza i-polysilicon wezinga le-elekthronikhi eShayina, ohlelwe ukuthi ufinyelele amathani angu-5,000 ngo-2022. Amandla okukhiqiza e-OCI eMalaysia azofinyelela amathani angu-27,000 namathani angu-30,000 ngo-2020 nango-2021, afinyelele izindleko eziphansi zokusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi agweme intela ephezulu yaseShayina kwi-polysilicon e-United States naseNingizimu Korea. Le nkampani ihlela ukukhiqiza amathani angu-95,000 kodwa usuku lokuqala alucaci. Kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ngezinga lamathani angu-5,000 ngonyaka eminyakeni emine ezayo. Inkampani yaseNorway i-REC inezisekelo ezimbili zokukhiqiza esifundazweni saseWashington naseMontana, e-USA, enomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke wamathani angu-18,000 e-polysilicon wezinga lelanga namathani angu-2,000 e-polysilicon wezinga le-elekthronikhi. I-REC, eyayisenkingeni enkulu yezezimali, yakhetha ukumisa ukukhiqizwa, yabe isikhuthazwa ukwanda kwamanani e-polysilicon ngo-2021, inkampani yanquma ukuqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwamathani angu-18,000 amaphrojekthi esifundazweni saseWashington kanye namathani angu-2,000 eMontana ekupheleni kuka-2023, futhi ingaqedela ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza ngo-2024. I-Hemlock ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-polysilicon e-United States, ogxile kwi-polysilicon ye-elekthronikhi ehlanzekile kakhulu. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ekukhiqizeni zenza kube nzima ngemikhiqizo yenkampani ukushintshwa emakethe. Kuhlanganiswe neqiniso lokuthi inkampani ayihleli ukwakha amaphrojekthi amasha phakathi neminyaka embalwa, kulindeleke ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza enkampani abe ngu-2022-2025. Umkhiqizo wonyaka uhlala kumathani angu-18,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2021, amandla okukhiqiza amasha ezinkampani ngaphandle kwalezi zinkampani ezine ezingenhla azoba ngamathani angu-5,000. Ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zazo zonke izinkampani, kucatshangwa lapha ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza amasha azoba amathani angu-5,000 ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025.
Ngokusho kwamandla okukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kwamanye amazwe ngo-2025 kuzoba ngamathani angaba ngu-176,000, uma sicabanga ukuthi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza i-polysilicon kwamanye amazwe alishintshi. Ngemva kokuba intengo ye-polysilicon ikhuphuke kakhulu ngo-2021, izinkampani zaseShayina zikhuphule umkhiqizo futhi zandisa umkhiqizo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkampani zaphesheya ziqaphile kakhulu ezinhlelweni zazo zamaphrojekthi amasha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubusa kwemboni ye-polysilicon sekuvele kuphethwe yiShayina, futhi ukukhulisa umkhiqizo ngokungazi kungaletha ukulahlekelwa. Kusukela ohlangothini lwezindleko, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyingxenye enkulu yezindleko ze-polysilicon, ngakho-ke intengo kagesi ibaluleke kakhulu, kanti iXinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, iSichuan nezinye izifunda zinezinzuzo ezisobala. Kusukela ohlangothini lwesidingo, njengoba kuqondile phansi kwe-polysilicon, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon wafer yaseShayina kubalwa ngaphezu kwama-99% ewonke emhlabeni. Imboni engezansi ye-polysilicon igxile kakhulu eShayina. Intengo ye-polysilicon ekhiqizwayo iphansi, izindleko zokuhamba ziphansi, futhi isidingo siqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele. Okwesibili, iShayina ibeke intela ephezulu kakhulu yokulwa nokulahla igesi ekungenisweni kwe-polysilicon yezinga lelanga evela e-United States naseNingizimu Korea, okuye kwacindezela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-polysilicon evela e-United States naseNingizimu Korea. Qaphela ekwakheni amaphrojekthi amasha; ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi aseShayina aphesheya kwezilwandle e-polysilicon ayephuza ukuthuthuka ngenxa yomthelela wentela, futhi eminye imigqa yokukhiqiza incishisiwe noma yavalwa, futhi isilinganiso sawo ekukhiqizweni komhlaba wonke siye sehla unyaka nonyaka, ngakho ngeke sifane nokwenyuka kwamanani e-polysilicon ngo-2021 njengoba inzuzo ephezulu yenkampani yaseShayina, izimo zezimali azanele ukusekela ukwanda kwayo okusheshayo nokukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza.
Ngokusekelwe ezibikezelweni ezifanele zokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon eShayina nakwamanye amazwe kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, inani elibikezelwe lokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke lingafingqwa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke ngo-2025 kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.371. Ngokusho kwenani elibikezelwe lokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon, isabelo seShayina sesilinganiso somhlaba wonke singatholakala cishe. Kulindeleke ukuthi isabelo seShayina sizokhula kancane kancane kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, futhi sizodlula u-87% ngo-2025.
6, Isifinyezo kanye Nombono
I-Polysilicon itholakala phansi kwe-silicon yezimboni kanye naphezulu kwayo yonke iketanga lemboni ye-photovoltaic kanye ne-semiconductor, futhi isimo sayo sibaluleke kakhulu. Iketanga lemboni ye-photovoltaic ngokuvamile liyi-polysilicon-silicon wafer-cell-module-photovoltaic efakiwe, kanti iketanga lemboni ye-semiconductor ngokuvamile liyi-polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kunezidingo ezihlukile ngobumsulwa be-polysilicon. Imboni ye-photovoltaic isebenzisa kakhulu i-polysilicon yebanga lelanga, kanti imboni ye-semiconductor isebenzisa i-polysilicon yebanga le-elekthronikhi. Eyokuqala inobubanzi bobumsulwa obungu-6N-8N, kanti eyesibili idinga ubumsulwa obungu-9N noma ngaphezulu.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon iyindlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Siemens emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izinkampani ziye zahlola ngenkuthalo indlela yombhede ogcwele amanzi we-silane ebiza kancane, okungaba nomthelela ephethini yokukhiqiza. I-polysilicon enomumo wenduku ekhiqizwa yindlela ye-Siemens eguquliwe inezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nobumsulwa obukhulu, kuyilapho i-silicon ehlanganisiwe ekhiqizwa yindlela yombhede ogcwele amanzi we-silane inezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, izindleko eziphansi kanye nobumsulwa obuphansi. Ezinye izinkampani zaseShayina ziye zaqaphela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-silicon ehlanganisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-silicon ehlanganisiwe ukudonsa i-polysilicon, kodwa akukakhuthazwa kabanzi. Ukuthi i-silicon ehlanganisiwe ingathatha indawo yeyokuqala esikhathini esizayo kuncike ekutheni inzuzo yezindleko ingamboza yini ubuthakathaka bekhwalithi, umphumela wokusetshenziswa okuphansi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kwe-silane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi kancane kancane kuhlangana ndawonye eShayina. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yonyaka emhlabeni wonke kuzokhula kusuka kumathani angu-432,000 kuya kumathani angu-631,000, okuzokhula ngokushesha ngo-2021. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kancane kancane kwagxila kakhulu eShayina, kanti ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon eShayina yanda kusuka ku-56.02% ngo-2017 kuya ku-80.03% ngo-2021. Kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, ukutholakala kwe-polysilicon kuzoletha ukukhula okukhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon ngo-2025 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.194 eShayina, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amazwe kuzofinyelela amathani angu-176,000. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke ngo-2025 kuzoba cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.37.
(Lesi sihloko singesokubhekisela kumakhasimende e-UrbanMines kuphela futhi asimeleli noma yisiphi iseluleko sokutshala imali)