1. Kaula ʻoihana Polysilicon: He paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, a ke kālele nei ka hopena i nā semiconductors photovoltaic
Hana nui ʻia ka Polysilicon mai ka silicon ʻoihana, chlorine a me ka hydrogen, a aia ma luna o nā kaulahao ʻoihana photovoltaic a me semiconductor. Wahi a ka ʻikepili CPIA, ʻo ke ʻano hana polysilicon nui o kēia manawa ma ka honua ʻo ia ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻololi ʻia, koe wale nō Kina, ʻoi aku ma mua o 95% o ka polysilicon i hana ʻia e ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻololi ʻia. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka polysilicon e ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ka mea mua, hui pū ʻia ke kinoea chlorine me ke kinoea hydrogen e hana i ka hydrogen chloride, a laila hana ia me ka pauka silicon ma hope o ka wāwahi ʻana a me ka wili ʻana o ka silicon ʻoihana e hana i ka trichlorosilane, kahi i hoʻemi hou ʻia e ke kinoea hydrogen e hana i ka polysilicon. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ka silicon Polycrystalline e hana i nā ingots silicon polycrystalline, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka silicon monocrystalline e Czochralski a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka zone. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka silicon polycrystalline, ua haku ʻia ka silicon kristal hoʻokahi me nā hua kristal me ke kuhikuhi kristal like, no laila he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity uila a me ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Hiki ke ʻoki hou ʻia a hana ʻia nā ʻots silicon polycrystalline a me nā koʻokoʻo silicon monocrystalline i loko o nā wafers silicon a me nā cell, kahi e lilo ai i mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā modula photovoltaic a hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua photovoltaic. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā wafers silicon kristal hoʻokahi i loko o nā wafers silicon ma o ka wili hou ʻana, ka poli ʻana, ka epitaxy, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea substrate no nā mea uila semiconductor.
Pono loa ka nui o ka haumia o ka polysilicon, a he ʻano hoʻopukapuka kālā kiʻekiʻe ko ka ʻoihana a me nā pale loea kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai ʻo ka maʻemaʻe o ka polysilicon e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kaʻina hana huki silicon kristal hoʻokahi, ua paʻa loa nā koi maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa o ka polysilicon he 99.9999%, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe loa kokoke i ka 100%. Eia kekahi, ua kau nā kūlana aupuni o Kina i nā koi maopopo no ka nui o ka haumia, a ma muli o kēia, ua māhele ʻia ka polysilicon i nā papa I, II, a me III, nona ka nui o ka boron, phosphorus, oxygen a me ke kalapona he helu kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi. "Nā Kūlana Komo ʻOihana Polysilicon" e koi ana i nā ʻoihana e loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana nānā maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokele maikaʻi, a ua kūlike nā kūlana huahana me nā kūlana aupuni; Eia kekahi, koi pū nā kūlana komo i ka unahi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o nā ʻoihana hana polysilicon, e like me ka papa solar, polysilicon papa uila. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka papahana ma mua o 3000 tons/makahiki a me 1000 tons/makahiki, a ʻo ka lakio kapikala liʻiliʻi loa i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā o nā papahana kūkulu hou a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e emi ma mua o 30%, no laila he ʻoihana kapikala nui ka polysilicon. Wahi a nā helu helu CPIA, ua piʻi iki ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kālā o nā lako hana laina polysilicon 10,000-ton i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 2021 i 103 miliona yuan/kt. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā mea metala nui. Manaʻo ʻia e piʻi aʻe ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kālā i ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana lako hana a me ka emi ʻana o ka monomer i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui. Wahi a nā lula, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o polysilicon no ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka papa solar a me ka papa uila Czochralski e emi ma lalo o 60 kWh/kg a me 100 kWh/kg, a he paʻakikī nā koi no nā hōʻailona hoʻohana ikehu. ʻO ka hana ʻana o Polysilicon e pili pinepine ana i ka ʻoihana kemika. He paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, a he kiʻekiʻe ka paepae no nā ala loea, ke koho ʻana i nā lako, ke kauoha ʻana a me ka hana. Pili ke kaʻina hana i nā hopena kemika paʻakikī he nui, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kikowaena hoʻomalu ma mua o 1,000. He paʻakikī no nā mea komo hou ke akamai koke i ka hana lima makua. No laila, aia ke kapikala kiʻekiʻe a me nā pale loea i ka ʻoihana hana polysilicon, kahi e paipai pū ai i nā mea hana polysilicon e hoʻokō i ka hoʻonui loea koʻikoʻi o ke kahe o ke kaʻina hana, ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana lawe.
2. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Polysilicon: hoʻoholo ka maʻemaʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana, a noho ka papa solar i ka mainstream
ʻO ka silicon Polycrystalline, kahi ʻano o ka silicon elemental, ua haku ʻia me nā hua kristal me nā ʻano kristal like ʻole, a ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia e ka hana silicon ʻoihana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka polysilicon he luster metala hina, a ʻo ke kiko heheʻe ma kahi o 1410 ℃. He hana ʻole ia ma ka mahana o ka lumi a ʻoi aku ka hana i ke kūlana heheʻe. Loaʻa iā Polysilicon nā waiwai semiconductor a he mea semiconductor koʻikoʻi loa a maikaʻi loa, akā hiki i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā haumia ke hoʻopilikia nui i kona conductivity. Nui nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale no ka polysilicon. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna e like me nā kūlana aupuni o Kina, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻano hoʻokaʻawale koʻikoʻi ma ʻaneʻi. Wahi a nā koi maʻemaʻe like ʻole a me nā hoʻohana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka polysilicon i ka polysilicon papa solar a me ka polysilicon papa uila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka polysilicon papa solar i ka hana ʻana o nā cell photovoltaic, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka polysilicon papa uila i ka ʻoihana kaapuni hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea maka no nā chips a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka polysilicon papa lā he 6~8N, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono ka nui o ka haumia ma lalo o 10 -6, a pono e hōʻea ka maʻemaʻe o ka polysilicon i 99.9999% a ʻoi aku paha. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā koi maʻemaʻe o ka polysilicon papa uila, me ka liʻiliʻi o 9N a me ka palena kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa he 12N. He paʻakikī iki ka hana ʻana o ka polysilicon papa uila. He kakaikahi nā ʻoihana Kina i akamai i ka ʻenehana hana o ka polysilicon papa uila, a ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i nā mea lawe mai. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana o ka polysilicon papa lā ma mua o ka polysilicon papa uila, a ʻo ka mea mua ma kahi o 13.8 mau manawa o ka mea hope.
Wahi a ka ʻokoʻa o nā haumia doping a me ke ʻano conductivity o ka mea silicon, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻano-P a me ʻano-N. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka silicon me nā mea haumia acceptor, e like me boron, alumini, gallium, a pēlā aku, ua noho aliʻi ʻia e ka hole conduction a he ʻano-P. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka silicon me nā mea haumia donor, e like me phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, a pēlā aku, ua noho aliʻi ʻia e ka electron conduction a he ʻano-N. ʻO nā pila ʻano-P ka mea nui e komo pū me nā pila BSF a me nā pila PERC. I ka makahiki 2021, e ʻoi aku ma mua o 91% o ka mākeke honua nā pila PERC, a e hoʻopau ʻia nā pila BSF. I ka wā i pani ai ʻo PERC iā BSF, ua piʻi ka pono hoʻololi o nā cell ʻano P mai ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 20% a ʻoi aku ma mua o 23%, kokoke e hoʻokokoke i ka palena kiʻekiʻe theoretical o 24.5%, ʻoiai ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe theoretical o nā cell ʻano N he 28.7%, a he kiʻekiʻe ka pono hoʻololi o nā cell ʻano N. Ma muli o nā pono o ka lakio bifacial kiʻekiʻe a me ke koina mahana haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻoihana e hoʻolaha i nā laina hana nui no nā pila ʻano N. Wahi a ka wānana a CPIA, e piʻi nui ka hapa o nā pila ʻano N mai 3% a 13.4% i ka makahiki 2022. Manaʻo ʻia i loko o nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o ka pila ʻano N i ka pila ʻano P. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka ʻili like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea dense, nā mea cauliflower a me nā mea coral. ʻO ka ʻili o ka mea dense ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka concavity, emi ma mua o 5mm, ʻaʻohe ʻano kala ʻē, ʻaʻohe oxidation interlayer, a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa; ʻO ka ʻili o ka mea cauliflower he kekelē waena o ka concavity, 5-20mm, he ʻāpana waena, a he waena ke kumukūʻai; ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka concavity o ka ʻili o ka mea coral, ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o 20mm, wehe ka ʻāpana, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea paʻa e huki i ka silicon monocrystalline, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea cauliflower a me ka mea coral e hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā wafers silicon polycrystalline. I ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana i kēlā me kēia lā, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka mea paʻa me ka emi ʻole o 30% o ka mea cauliflower e hana i ka silicon monocrystalline. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā mea maka, akā ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea cauliflower e hōʻemi i ka pono huki kristal i kekahi ʻano. Pono nā ʻoihana e koho i ka lakio doping kūpono ma hope o ke kaupaona ʻana i nā mea ʻelua. I kēia manawa, ua paʻa ka ʻokoʻa kumukūʻai ma waena o ka mea paʻa a me ka mea cauliflower ma 3 RMB /kg. Inā hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ʻokoʻa kumukūʻai, hiki i nā ʻoihana ke noʻonoʻo e hoʻohui i nā mea cauliflower hou aʻe i ka huki silicon monocrystalline.
3. Kaʻina Hana: Noho ke ʻano hana Siemens i ka mainstream, a lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana i ke kī i ka loli ʻenehana
Ua māhele ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka polysilicon i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu. I ka hana mua, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pauka silicon ʻoihana me ka hydrogen chloride anhydrous e loaʻa ai ka trichlorosilane a me ka hydrogen. Ma hope o ka distillation a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻana, trichlorosilane gaseous, dichlorodihydrosilicon a me Silane; ʻo ka hana ʻelua, ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kinoea maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna i silicon crystalline, a ʻokoʻa ka hana hoʻemi i ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻololi ʻia a me ke ʻano moena fluidized silane. Loaʻa i ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻenehana hana makua a me ke ʻano huahana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ia ka ʻenehana hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa. ʻO ke ʻano hana Siemens kuʻuna, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chlorine a me ka hydrogen e synthesize i ka hydrogen chloride anhydrous, hydrogen chloride a me ka silicon ʻoihana pauka e synthesize i ka trichlorosilane ma kahi mahana, a laila hoʻokaʻawale, hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka trichlorosilane. Hana ka silicon i kahi hopena hoʻemi wela i loko o ka umu hoʻemi hydrogen e loaʻa ai ka silicon elemental i waiho ʻia ma ke kumu silicon. Ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻolako pū ʻia ke kaʻina hana Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me kahi kaʻina hana kākoʻo no ka hana hou ʻana i ka nui o nā huahana e like me ka hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, a me ka silicon tetrachloride i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ke kinoea huelo a me ka ʻenehana hoʻohana hou ʻana o ka silicon tetrachloride. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, trichlorosilane, a me ka silicon tetrachloride i loko o ke kinoea hoʻopau e ka hoʻōla maloʻo. Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka hydrogen a me ka hydrogen chloride no ka synthesis a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana me ka trichlorosilane, a hana hou pololei ʻia ka trichlorosilane i ka hoʻemi wela. Hana ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i loko o ka umu, a hydrogenated ka silicon tetrachloride e hana i ka trichlorosilane, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻanuʻu he mālama hydrogenation anuanu. Ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana pani ʻana, hiki i nā ʻoihana ke hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka a me ka uila, a laila e mālama pono ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i ka polysilicon me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma Kina e komo pū ana me nā mea maka, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, ka emi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai, nā kumukūʻai hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ka holomua ʻenehana i ka ʻoihana i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO nā mea maka e pili nui ana i ka silicon ʻoihana a me ka trichlorosilane, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu e komo pū ana me ka uila a me ka mahu, a ʻo nā kumukūʻai hana e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai nānā a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā lako hana. Wahi a nā helu helu a Baichuan Yingfu e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai hana polysilicon i ka hoʻomaka o Iune 2022, ʻo nā mea maka ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa, e helu ana i 41% o ka huina kumukūʻai, ʻo ia ka silicon ʻoihana ke kumu nui o ka silicon. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāpana silicon i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ʻoihana e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka silicon i hoʻopau ʻia no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā huahana silicon kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ʻano helu ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea āpau i loaʻa ka silicon e like me ka pauka silicon ʻoihana i hoʻoili ʻia a me ka trichlorosilane i silicon maʻemaʻe, a laila e unuhi i ka chlorosilane i hoʻoili ʻia e like me ka nui o ka silicon maʻemaʻe i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka lakio o ka silicon. Wahi a ka ʻikepili CPIA, e hāʻule ana ka pae o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silicon ma 0.01 kg/kg-Si a i 1.09 kg/kg-Si i ka makahiki 2021. Manaʻo ʻia me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogenation anu a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā huahana ʻaoʻao, manaʻo ʻia e emi iho i 1.07 kg/kg ma ka makahiki 2030. kg-Si. Wahi a nā helu helu piha ʻole, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silicon o nā ʻoihana Kina ʻelima kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻoihana polysilicon ma mua o ka awelika o ka ʻoihana. Ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻopau ʻelua o lākou i 1.08 kg/kg-Si a me 1.05 kg/kg-Si i ka makahiki 2021. ʻO ka lua o ka hapa kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, e helu ana i 32% o ka huina, nona ka uila he 30% o ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻike ana he mau mea nui ke kumukūʻai uila a me ka pono no ka hana ʻana i ka polysilicon. ʻO nā ʻōkuhi nui ʻelua e ana i ka pono o ka mana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana piha a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka trichlorosilane a me ka hydrogen e hana i nā mea silicon maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana e komo pū ana me ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana o ka silicon core a me ka waiho ʻana. , ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ea a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hana ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 2021, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i ka ikehu, e emi ana ka awelika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana piha o ka hana polysilicon ma 5.3% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 63kWh/kg-Si, a e emi ana ka awelika o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mana ma 6.1% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 46kWh/kg-Si, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e emi hou aku i ka wā e hiki mai ana. . Eia kekahi, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka waiwai he mea nui nō hoʻi ia o ke kumukūʻai, e helu ana i 17%. He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana, e like me ka ʻikepili ʻo Baichuan Yingfu, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hana holoʻokoʻa o ka polysilicon i ka hoʻomaka o Iune 2022 ma kahi o 55,816 yuan/ton, ʻo ke kumukūʻai awelika o ka polysilicon ma ka mākeke ma kahi o 260,000 yuan/ton, a ʻo ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā he 70% a ʻoi aku paha, no laila ua huki ia i kahi nui o nā ʻoihana e hoʻopukapuka kālā i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hiki ke hana polysilicon.
ʻElua ala no nā mea hana polysilicon e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, ʻo kekahi e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mea maka, a ʻo kekahi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana. Ma ke ʻano o nā mea maka, hiki i nā mea hana ke hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea maka ma ke kau inoa ʻana i nā ʻaelike hana lōʻihi me nā mea hana silicon ʻoihana, a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hiki ke hana i hoʻohui ʻia ma luna a ma lalo. No ka laʻana, hilinaʻi nui nā hale hana hana polysilicon i kā lākou lako silicon ʻoihana ponoʻī. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila, hiki i nā mea hana ke hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai uila ma o ke kumukūʻai uila haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu piha. Ma kahi o 70% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila piha ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila, a ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana he loulou koʻikoʻi hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka silicon crystalline maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hiki ke hana polysilicon ma Kina e kau nui ʻia ma nā wahi me nā kumukūʻai uila haʻahaʻa e like me Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan a me Yunnan. Eia naʻe, me ka holomua o ke kulekele ʻelua-kalapona, he paʻakikī ke loaʻa ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai mana haʻahaʻa. No laila, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana no ka hōʻemi ʻana he mea hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai i kēia lā. Ala. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke ala kūpono e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hoʻemi, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻiʻo silicon i loko o ka umu hoʻemi, a laila e hoʻonui ana i ka hana o hoʻokahi ʻāpana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻano umu hoʻemi nui ma Kina he 36 mau pālua o nā koʻokoʻo, 40 mau pālua o nā koʻokoʻo a me 48 mau pālua o nā koʻokoʻo. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano umu i 60 mau pālua o nā koʻokoʻo a me 72 mau pālua o nā koʻokoʻo, akā i ka manawa like, ke kau nei hoʻi i nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka pae ʻenehana hana o nā ʻoihana.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ʻekolu mau pono o ke ʻano moena fluidized silane, ʻo kekahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa, ʻo kekahi ka hopena huki kristal kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ke kolu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui pū ʻana me ka ʻenehana Czochralski hoʻomau CCZ holomua. Wahi a ka ʻikepili o ka Silicon Industry Branch, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana piha o ke ʻano moena fluidized silane he 33.33% o ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, a ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana he 10% o ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. Loaʻa i ke ʻano moena fluidized silane nā pono hoʻohana ikehu koʻikoʻi. Ma ke ʻano o ka huki kristal, hiki i nā waiwai kino o ka silicon granular ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i ka ipu quartz i loko o ka loulou koʻokoʻo huki silicon kristal hoʻokahi. Hiki i ka silicon polycrystalline a me ka silicon granular ke hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻouka i ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe umu hoʻokahi ma 29%, me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka manawa hoʻouka ma 41%, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka pono huki o ka silicon kristal hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi, he liʻiliʻi ke anawaena o ka silicon granular a me ka fluidity maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka kūpono no ke ʻano Czochralski hoʻomau CCZ. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke ʻano hana nui o ka huki ʻana i ka kristal hoʻokahi ma waena a me nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ʻo ia ke ʻano hana hoʻolei hou ʻana o ka kristal hoʻokahi RCZ, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hānai hou ʻana a me ka huki ʻana i ke kristal ma hope o ka huki ʻia ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo silicon kristal hoʻokahi. Hana ʻia ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ka manawa like, kahi e mālama ai i ka manawa hoʻoluʻu o ke koʻokoʻo silicon kristal hoʻokahi, no laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pono hana. ʻO ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ke ʻano hana Czochralski hoʻomau CCZ e hoʻonui pū i ke koi no ka silicon granular. ʻOiai he mau hemahema ka silicon granular, e like me ka pauka silicon i hana ʻia e ka friction, ka ʻāpana ʻili nui a me ka maʻalahi o ka adsorption o nā mea haumia, a me ka hydrogen i hui pū ʻia i loko o ka hydrogen i ka wā hoʻoheheʻe, kahi mea maʻalahi ke kumu o ka skipping, akā e like me nā hoʻolaha hou loa o nā ʻoihana silicon granular pili, ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nei kēia mau pilikia a ua holomua kekahi.
Ua oʻo ke kaʻina hana moe fluidized silane ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a aia nō ia i kona wā kamaliʻi ma hope o ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana o nā ʻoihana Kina. I ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻomaka ka silicon granular haole i hōʻike ʻia e REC lāua ʻo MEMC e ʻimi i ka hana ʻana o ka silicon granular a ua ʻike i ka hana nui. I waena o lākou, ua hōʻea ka nui o ka hana ʻana o REC o ka silicon granular i 10,500 tons/makahiki i ka makahiki 2010, a i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona mau hoa Siemens i ka manawa like, he pono ke kumukūʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi he US$2-3/kg. Ma muli o nā pono o ka huki kristal hoʻokahi, ua kū ka hana ʻana o ka silicon granular a ka hui a ua hoʻōki hope i ka hana ʻana, a ua huli i kahi hui like me Kina e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻoihana hana e komo i ka hana ʻana o ka silicon granular.
4. Nā mea maka: ʻO ka silicon ʻoihana ke kumu o ka mea maka, a hiki i ka lako ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka polysilicon
ʻO ka silicon ʻoihana ke kumu maka no ka hana ʻana o ka polysilicon. Manaʻo ʻia e ulu mau ka hana silicon ʻoihana o Kina mai 2022 a i 2025. Mai 2010 a i 2021, aia ka hana silicon ʻoihana o Kina i ke kahua hoʻonui, me ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ka hiki ke hana a me ka hana e hiki ana i ka 7.4% a me 8.6%. Wahi a ka ʻikepili SMM, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia kaka mana hana silicon ʻoihanama Kina he 890,000 tons a me 1.065 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2022 a me 2023. Ke manaʻo nei e mālama mau nā ʻoihana silicon ʻoihana i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana a me ka nui o ka hana ma kahi o 60% i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ʻo KinaʻO ka hiki ke hana i ka makahiki 2022 a me 2023 e lawe mai i kahi hoʻonui hana o 320,000 tons a me 383,000 tons. Wahi a nā kuhi o GFCI,ʻO ka mana hana silicon ʻoihana o Kina i ka lā 22/23/24/25 ma kahi o 5.90/697/6.71/6.5 miliona tons, e like me 3.55/391/4.18/4.38 miliona tons.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā wahi ʻelua i koe o ka silicon ʻoihana i hoʻohui ʻia he lohi iki, a hiki i ka hana silicon ʻoihana o Kina ke hoʻokō i ka hana ʻana o ka polysilicon. I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hiki ke hana silicon ʻoihana o Kina he 5.385 miliona tons, e like me ka hana ʻana o 3.213 miliona tons, kahi e hoʻopau ai ka polysilicon, silicon organik, a me nā mea hoʻohui alumini i 623,000 tons, 898,000 tons, a me 649,000 tons. Eia kekahi, kokoke i 780,000 tons o ka hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokuʻu aku. I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka polysilicon, silicon organik, a me nā mea hoʻohui alumini e helu no 19%, 28%, a me 20% o ka silicon ʻoihana. Mai 2022 a 2025, manaʻo ʻia e noho ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana silicon organik ma kahi o 10%, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana alumini alloy ua haʻahaʻa ma mua o 5%. No laila, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ua lawa ka nui o ka silicon ʻoihana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka polysilicon i ka makahiki 2022-2025, hiki ke hoʻokō piha i nā pono o ka hana ʻana o ka polysilicon.
5. Hoʻolako Polysilicon:Kinanoho i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi, a hōʻiliʻili mālie ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoihana alakaʻi
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana polysilicon honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ua hōʻuluʻulu mālie ʻia ma Kina. Mai 2017 a 2021, ua piʻi ka hana polysilicon makahiki honua mai 432,000 tons a i 631,000 tons, me ka ulu wikiwiki loa i ka makahiki 2021, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o 21.11%. I loko o kēia wā, ua kau mālie ʻia ka hana polysilicon honua ma Kina, a ua piʻi ka hapa o ka hana polysilicon o Kina mai 56.02% i ka makahiki 2017 a i 80.03% i ka makahiki 2021. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā ʻoihana he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe ma ka mana hana polysilicon honua i ka makahiki 2010 a me 2021, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua piʻi ka helu o nā ʻoihana Kina mai 4 a 8, a ua hāʻule nui ka hapa o ka mana hana o kekahi mau ʻoihana ʻAmelika a me Korea, e hāʻule ana mai nā hui he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe, e like me HEMOLOCK, OCI, REC a me MEMC; Ua piʻi nui ka nui o ka ʻoihana, a ua piʻi ka nui o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻoihana he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻoihana mai 57.7% a i 90.3%. I ka makahiki 2021, aia he ʻelima mau ʻoihana Kina e helu ana ma mua o 10% o ka hana hana, e helu ana i ka huina o 65.7%. ʻEkolu mau kumu nui no ka hoʻoili mālie ʻana o ka ʻoihana polysilicon i Kina. ʻO ka mea mua, loaʻa i nā mea hana polysilicon Kina nā pono koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano o nā mea maka, ka uila a me nā kumukūʻai hana. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka uku o nā limahana ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē, no laila ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai hana holoʻokoʻa ma Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē, a e hoʻomau ka emi ʻana me ka holomua ʻenehana; ʻo ka lua, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei ka maikaʻi o nā huahana polysilicon Kina, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea ma ka pae papa mua o ka lā, a aia nā ʻoihana holomua pākahi i nā koi maʻemaʻe. Ua hana ʻia nā holomua i ka ʻenehana hana o ka polysilicon papa uila kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomaka mālie ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka polysilicon papa uila kūloko no nā mea lawe mai, a ke hoʻolaha ikaika nei nā ʻoihana alakaʻi Kina i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana polysilicon papa uila. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o nā wafers silicon ma Kina ma mua o 95% o ka huina hana hana honua, ka mea i hoʻonui mālie i ka nui o ke kūʻokoʻa o ka polysilicon no Kina, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa i ka mākeke o nā ʻoihana polysilicon ma waho i kekahi ʻano.
Mai ka makahiki 2017 a i ka makahiki 2021, e piʻi mau ana ka hana makahiki o ka polysilicon ma Kina, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai mana e like me Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, a me Sichuan. I ka makahiki 2021, e piʻi ana ka hana polysilicon a Kina mai 392,000 tons a i 505,000 tons, he piʻi ʻana o 28.83%. Ma ke ʻano o ka hiki ke hana, ua piʻi nui ka hiki ke hana polysilicon a Kina, akā ua emi iho ia i ka makahiki 2020 ma muli o ka pani ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau mea hana. Eia kekahi, ua piʻi mau ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o nā ʻoihana polysilicon Kina mai ka makahiki 2018, a e hiki aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana i ka makahiki 2021 i 97.12%. Ma ke ʻano o nā panalāʻau, ua kau nui ʻia ka hana polysilicon a Kina i ka makahiki 2021 ma nā wahi me nā kumukūʻai uila haʻahaʻa e like me Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, a me Sichuan. ʻO ka nui o ka hana a Xinjiang he 270,400 tons, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka hapalua o ka huina o ka hana ma Kina.
ʻO ka ʻoihana polysilicon o Kina kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ke kiʻekiʻe o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, me ka waiwai CR6 o 77%, a e piʻi hou aʻe ana ke ʻano i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hana ʻana o Polysilicon kahi ʻoihana me ke kapikala kiʻekiʻe a me nā pale loea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana o ka papahana a me ke kaʻina hana he ʻelua mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. He paʻakikī i nā mea hana hou ke komo i ka ʻoihana. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻolālā i ʻike ʻia a me nā papahana hou i nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau nā mea hana oligopolistic i ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou hiki ke hana ma muli o kā lākou ʻenehana ponoʻī a me nā pono unahi, a e hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ko lākou kūlana monopoly.
Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolauna mai ka lako polysilicon o Kina i kahi ulu nui mai 2022 a i 2025, a e hiki aku ka hana polysilicon i 1.194 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2025, e hoʻokele ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pae hana polysilicon honua. I ka makahiki 2021, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka polysilicon ma Kina, ua hoʻopukapuka kālā nā mea hana nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā laina hana hou, a i ka manawa like ua huki i nā mea hana hou e hui pū me ka ʻoihana. ʻOiai e lawe ana nā papahana polysilicon ma ka liʻiliʻi he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻelua mau makahiki mai ke kūkulu ʻana a hiki i ka hana ʻana, e hoʻopau ʻia ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka makahiki 2021. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka mana hana i ka hana ʻana i ka hapa lua o 2022 a me 2023. He kūlike loa kēia me nā hoʻolālā papahana hou i hoʻolaha ʻia e nā mea hana nui i kēia manawa. ʻO ka mana hana hou i ka makahiki 2022-2025 e kālele nui ʻia i ka makahiki 2022 a me 2023. Ma hope o kēlā, i ka wā e paʻa mālie ai ka lako a me ke koi o ka polysilicon a me ke kumukūʻai, e paʻa mālie ka mana hana holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻoihana. I lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, e emi mālie ana ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hiki ke hana. Eia kekahi, ua noho ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o nā ʻoihana polysilicon ma kahi kiʻekiʻe i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, akā e lōʻihi ka manawa no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana hana o nā papahana hou, a e pono ai ke kaʻina hana no nā mea komo hou e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau kūpono. No laila, e haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o nā papahana polysilicon hou i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Mai kēia, hiki ke wānana ʻia ka hana polysilicon ma 2022-2025, a manaʻo ʻia ka hana polysilicon ma 2025 ma kahi o 1.194 miliona tons.
He kiʻekiʻe iki ka nui o ka mana hana ma waho, a ʻo ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole ia e like me Kina. ʻO ka nui o ka mana hana polysilicon ma waho e kau nui ʻia ma nā ʻoihana alakaʻi ʻehā, a ʻo ke koena he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka mana hana. Ma ke ʻano o ka mana hana, noho ʻo Wacker Chem i ka hapalua o ka mana hana polysilicon ma waho. Loaʻa i kāna mau hale hana ma Kelemania a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa nā mana hana he 60,000 tons a me 20,000 tons. ʻO ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka mana hana polysilicon honua i ka makahiki 2022 a ma hope aku paha e lawe mai i ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka lako nui, aia nō ka ʻoihana i loko o ke kūlana kali a ʻike a ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā e hoʻohui i ka mana hana hou. Ke hoʻoneʻe mālie nei ka hui nui polysilicon Kōlea Hema ʻo OCI i kāna laina hana polysilicon papa lā i Malaysia me ka mālama ʻana i ka laina hana polysilicon papa uila mua ma Kina, kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻea i 5,000 tons i ka makahiki 2022. E hōʻea ka hiki ke hana o OCI ma Malaysia i 27,000 tons a me 30,000 tons i ka makahiki 2020 a me 2021, e hoʻokō ana i nā kumukūʻai hoʻohana ikehu haʻahaʻa a pale aku i nā ʻauhau kiʻekiʻe o Kina ma polysilicon ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kōlea Hema. Hoʻolālā ka hui e hana i 95,000 tons akā ʻaʻole maopopo ka lā hoʻomaka. Manaʻo ʻia e piʻi aʻe ma ka pae o 5,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā makahiki ʻehā e hiki mai ana. Loaʻa i ka hui Norewai ʻo REC ʻelua mau kahua hana ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wakinekona a me Montana, USA, me ka hiki ke hana makahiki o 18,000 tons o ka polysilicon papa lā a me 2,000 tons o ka polysilicon papa uila. ʻO REC, ka mea i loko o ka pilikia kālā nui, ua koho e hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana, a laila hoʻoulu ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai polysilicon i ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻoholo ka hui e hoʻomaka hou i ka hana ʻana o 18,000 tons o nā papahana ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wakinekona a me 2,000 tons ma Montana i ka hopena o 2023, a hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki ke hana i ka makahiki 2024. ʻO Hemlock ka mea hana polysilicon nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e loea ana i ka polysilicon uila kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā pale ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i ka hana ʻana e paʻakikī ai ke pani ʻia nā huahana o ka hui ma ka mākeke. I hui pū ʻia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole e hoʻolālā ka hui e kūkulu i nā papahana hou i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hiki ke hana o ka hui ʻo 2022-2025. Noho ka hana makahiki ma 18,000 tons. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hiki ke hana hou o nā hui ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā hui ʻehā i luna aʻe he 5,000 tons. Ma muli o ka nele o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hana o nā ʻoihana āpau, ua manaʻo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka mana hana hou he 5,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai 2022 a 2025.
Wahi a ka mana hana ma waho, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka polysilicon ma waho i ka makahiki 2025 e pili ana i 176,000 tons, me ka manaʻo e mau ana ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hana polysilicon ma waho. Ma hope o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka polysilicon i ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻonui nā ʻoihana Kina i ka hana a hoʻonui i ka hana. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka makaʻala o nā ʻoihana ma waho i kā lākou mau hoʻolālā no nā papahana hou. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua noho mua ka mana o ka ʻoihana polysilicon ma lalo o ka mana o Kina, a ʻo ka hoʻonui makapō ʻana i ka hana ʻana e lawe mai i nā pohō. Mai ka ʻaoʻao kumukūʻai, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ka ʻāpana nui loa o ke kumukūʻai o ka polysilicon, no laila he mea nui loa ke kumukūʻai o ka uila, a ʻo Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe he mau pono maopopo. Mai ka ʻaoʻao koi, ma ke ʻano he kahawai pololei o ka polysilicon, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka silicon wafer o Kina ma mua o 99% o ka huina o ka honua. ʻO ka ʻoihana kahawai o ka polysilicon e kau nui ʻia ma Kina. He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka polysilicon i hana ʻia, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai lawe, a ua hōʻoia piha ʻia ke koi. ʻO ka lua, ua kau ʻo Kina i nā uku hoʻoili kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā lawe ʻana mai o ka polysilicon solar-grade mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kōlea Hema, ka mea i kāohi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polysilicon mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kōlea Hema. E makaʻala i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana hou; eia kekahi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lohi ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻoihana polysilicon Kina ma waho ma muli o ka hopena o nā uku, a ua hoʻemi ʻia a pani ʻia paha kekahi mau laina hana, a ke emi nei ko lākou hapa ma ka hana honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai polysilicon i ka makahiki 2021 e like me ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe o ka hui Kina, ʻaʻole lawa nā kūlana kālā e kākoʻo i kona hoʻonui wikiwiki a nui o ka hiki ke hana.
Ma muli o nā wānana o ka hana polysilicon ma Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē mai 2022 a 2025, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka waiwai i wānana ʻia o ka hana polysilicon honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka hana polysilicon honua i 1.371 miliona tons. Wahi a ka waiwai i wānana ʻia o ka hana polysilicon, hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi o ka hapa o Kina ma ka honua. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka hapa o Kina mai 2022 a 2025, a e ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 87% i ka makahiki 2025.
6, Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo a me ka Nānā
Aia ʻo Polysilicon ma ke kua o ka silicon ʻoihana a ma ke kua o ke kaulahao ʻoihana photovoltaic a me semiconductor holoʻokoʻa, a he mea nui loa kona kūlana. ʻO ke kaulahao ʻoihana photovoltaic ma ke ʻano laulā he polysilicon-silicon wafer-cell-module-photovoltaic i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka mana, a ʻo ke kaulahao ʻoihana semiconductor ma ke ʻano laulā he polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip. Loaʻa i nā hoʻohana like ʻole nā koi like ʻole no ka maʻemaʻe o ka polysilicon. Hoʻohana nui ka ʻoihana photovoltaic i ka polysilicon solar-grade, a hoʻohana ka ʻoihana semiconductor i ka polysilicon electronic-grade. ʻO ka mea mua he pae maʻemaʻe o 6N-8N, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope e koi ana i ka maʻemaʻe o 9N a ʻoi aku paha.
No nā makahiki he nui, ʻo ke kaʻina hana nui o ka polysilicon ʻo ia ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻimi ikaika kekahi mau ʻoihana i ke ʻano o ka moena fluidized silane haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai, kahi e loaʻa ai ka hopena i ke ʻano hana. ʻO ka polysilicon ʻano koʻokoʻo i hana ʻia e ke ʻano Siemens i hoʻololi ʻia he mau ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka silicon granular i hana ʻia e ke ʻano moena fluidized silane he mau ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu haʻahaʻa, ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa. Ua ʻike kekahi mau ʻoihana Kina i ka hana nui ʻana o ka silicon granular a me ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silicon granular e huki i ka polysilicon, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha nui ʻia. Inā hiki i ka silicon granular ke pani i ka mea mua i ka wā e hiki mai ana, pili ia i ka hiki i ka pono o ke kumukūʻai ke uhi i ka hemahema o ka maikaʻi, ka hopena o nā noi ma lalo, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana silane. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana polysilicon honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ua hōʻuluʻulu mālie ma Kina. Mai ka makahiki 2017 a i ka makahiki 2021, e piʻi aʻe ka hana polysilicon makahiki honua mai 432,000 tons a i 631,000 tons, me ka ulu wikiwiki loa i ka makahiki 2021. I loko o ia wā, ua lilo mālie ka hana polysilicon honua i mea nui aʻe i Kina, a ua piʻi aʻe ka hapa o ka hana polysilicon Kina mai 56.02% i ka makahiki 2017 a i 80.03% i ka makahiki 2021. Mai ka makahiki 2022 a i ka makahiki 2025, e hoʻolauna mai ka lako o ka polysilicon i kahi ulu nui. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hana polysilicon i ka makahiki 2025 he 1.194 miliona tons ma Kina, a ʻo ka hana ma waho e hiki aku i 176,000 tons. No laila, ʻo ka hana polysilicon honua i ka makahiki 2025 ma kahi o 1.37 miliona tons.
(No ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo wale nō kēia ʻatikala no nā mea kūʻai aku a UrbanMines a ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopukapuka kālā)