Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent e-lanthanide ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Phakathi kwazo, ama-reagent amaningi e-lanthanide atholakale ene-catalysis ecacile ekusabeleni kokwakheka kwebhondi le-carbon-carbon; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-reagent amaningi e-lanthanide atholakale enezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu ekuphenduleni kwe-oxidation yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusabela kokunciphisa izinto eziphilayo ukuguqula amaqembu asebenzayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo ze-Rare earth kuyimpumelelo yocwaningo lwesayensi enezimpawu zaseShayina ezitholwe ngabasebenzi besayensi nezobuchwepheshe baseShayina ngemuva kweminyaka yokusebenza kanzima, futhi kukhuthazwe ngamandla njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokwandisa umkhiqizo wezolimo eShayina. I-Rare earth carbonate inyibilika kalula kwi-asidi ukuze yakhe usawoti ohambisanayo kanye ne-carbon dioxide, engasetshenziswa kalula ekwakhiweni kosawoti we-rare earth ahlukahlukene kanye nama-complexes ngaphandle kokufaka ukungcola kwe-anionic. Isibonelo, ingasabela nama-acid aqinile njenge-nitric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid, i-perchloric acid, kanye ne-sulfuric acid ukuze yakhe usawoti oncibilikayo emanzini. Isabela ne-phosphoric acid kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid ukuze iguqulwe ibe yi-phosphates ne-fluoride ezinganyibiliki. Zisabela nama-acid amaningi e-organic ukuze zakhe amakhemikhali e-rare earth organic ahambisanayo. Zingaba ama-cation ayinkimbinkimbi ancibilikayo noma ama-anion ayinkimbinkimbi, noma amakhemikhali angathathi hlangothi angancibiliki kakhulu ancibilika kuye ngenani lesisombululo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-rare earth carbonate ingahlukaniswa ibe ama-oxide ahambisanayo ngokufakwa kwe-calcination, okungasetshenziswa ngqo ekulungiseleleni izinto eziningi ezintsha ze-rare earth. Njengamanje, umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke we-rare earth carbonate eShayina ungaphezu kwamathani ayi-10,000, okubalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yazo zonke izimpahla ze-rare earth, okubonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-rare earth carbonate kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni ye-rare earth.
I-Cerium carbonate iyinhlanganisela engeyona into ephilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali ye-C3Ce2O9, isisindo sama-molecule esingu-460, i-logP engu--7.40530, i-PSA engu-198.80000, iphuzu lokubilisa elingu-333.6ºC ku-760 mmHg, kanye nephuzu lokushelela elingu-169.8ºC. Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ze-rare earths, i-cerium carbonate iyinto eluhlaza ephakathi yokulungiselela imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-cerium efana nosawoti we-cerium ohlukahlukene kanye ne-cerium oxide. Inezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa futhi ingumkhiqizo obalulekile we-rare earth okhanyayo. I-hydrated cerium carbonate crystal inesakhiwo sohlobo lwe-lanthanite, futhi isithombe sayo se-SEM sibonisa ukuthi ukuma okuyisisekelo kwe-hydrated cerium carbonate crystal kufana ne-flake, futhi ama-flakes ahlanganiswa ngokubambisana okubuthakathaka ukwakha isakhiwo esifana ne-petal, futhi isakhiwo sikhululekile, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okusebenza Kulula ukuhlukaniswa sibe yizicucu ezincane. I-cerium carbonate ekhiqizwa ngendlela evamile embonini njengamanje inamaphesenti angu-42-46 kuphela omhlaba ongavamile ngemva kokomiswa, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwe-cerium carbonate.
Uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphansi, ikhwalithi ezinzile, i-cerium carbonate ekhiqiziwe ayidingi ukomiswa noma ukomiswa ngemva kokomiswa kwe-centrifugal, futhi inani eliphelele le-rare earths lingafinyelela ku-72% kuya ku-74%, futhi inqubo ilula futhi inqubo yesinyathelo esisodwa yokulungiselela i-cerium carbonate enenani eliphelele le-rare earths. Uhlelo lobuchwepheshe olulandelayo luyasetshenziswa: indlela yesinyathelo esisodwa isetshenziswa ukulungiselela i-cerium carbonate enenani eliphelele le-rare earths, okungukuthi, isixazululo sokudla se-cerium esine-mass concentration ye-CeO240-90g/L sishiswa ku-95°C kuya ku-105°C, kanti i-ammonium bicarbonate yengezwa ngaphansi kokuxutshwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kusheshiswe i-cerium carbonate. Inani le-ammonium bicarbonate lilungiswa ukuze inani le-pH loketshezi lokuphakelayo lilungiswe ekugcineni libe ngu-6.3 kuya ku-6.5, futhi izinga lokwengeza lifanele ukuze uketshezi lokuphakelayo lungaphumi emgodini. Isixazululo sokudla se-cerium okungenani siyisisombululo samanzi se-cerium chloride, isixazululo samanzi se-cerium sulfate noma isixazululo samanzi se-cerium nitrate. Ithimba le-R&D le-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. lisebenzisa indlela entsha yokuhlanganisa ngokungeza isixazululo se-ammonium bicarbonate eqinile noma isixazululo se-ammonium bicarbonate samanzi.
I-Cerium carbonate ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela i-cerium oxide, i-cerium dioxide nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ukusetshenziswa nezibonelo yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Ingilazi ye-violet elwa nokukhanya okukhanyayo emunca kakhulu imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nengxenye ephuzi yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwengilazi evamile ye-soda-lime-silica float, ifaka izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilandelayo ngamaphesenti esisindo: i-silica 72~82%, i-sodium oxide 6~15%, i-calcium oxide 4~13%, i-magnesium oxide 2~8%, i-Alumina 0~3%, i-iron oxide 0.05~0.3%, i-cerium carbonate 0.1~3%, i-neodymium carbonate 0.4~1.2%, i-manganese dioxide 0.5~3%. Ingilazi enobukhulu obungu-4mm inokukhanya okubonakalayo okungaphezu kuka-80%, ukuhanjiswa kwe-ultraviolet okungaphansi kuka-15%, kanye nokudluliselwa kuma-wavelength angu-568-590 nm okungaphansi kuka-15%.
2. Upende osindisa amandla we-endothermic, obonakala ngokuthi wakhiwa ngokuxuba i-filler kanye nezinto ezakha ifilimu, kanti i-filler yakhiwa ngokuxuba izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilandelayo ngezingxenye ngesisindo: izingxenye ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-35 ze-silicon dioxide, kanye nezingxenye ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-20 ze-aluminium oxide. , izingxenye ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-10 ze-titanium oxide, izingxenye ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-10 ze-zirconia, izingxenye ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-5 ze-zinc oxide, izingxenye ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-5 ze-magnesium oxide, izingxenye ezingu-0.8 kuya kwezingu-5 ze-silicon carbide, izingxenye ezingu-0.02 kuya kwezingu-0.5 ze-yttrium oxide, kanye nezingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya kwezingu-1.5 ze-chromium oxide. izingxenye, izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-kaolin, izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 zezinto zokwakha umhlaba ezingavamile, izingxenye ezingu-0.8-5 ze-carbon black, usayizi wezinhlayiya zezinto zokusetshenziswa ngayinye ungama-1-5 μm; lapho, izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zifaka izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-lanthanum carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-cerium carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-1.5 ze-praseodymium carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya ku-1.5 ze-praseodymium carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya ku-1.5 ze-neodymium carbonate kanye nezingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya ku-1.5 ze-promethium nitrate; izinto zokwakha ifilimu yi-potassium sodium carbonate; i-potassium sodium carbonate ixutshwe nesisindo esifanayo se-potassium carbonate kanye ne-sodium carbonate. Isilinganiso sokuxuba isisindo se-filler kanye nezinto zokwakha ifilimu singu-2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 noma 4.8:5.2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwendlela yokulungiselela upende wokonga amandla we-endothermic lubonakala kulokho okuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Isinyathelo 1, ukulungiswa kwesigcwalisi, okokuqala linganisa izingxenye ezingu-20-35 ze-silica, izingxenye ezingu-8-20 ze-alumina, izingxenye ezingu-4-10 ze-titanium oxide, izingxenye ezingu-4-10 ze-zirconia, kanye nezingxenye ezingu-1-5 ze-zinc oxide ngesisindo. , izingxenye ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-5 ze-magnesium oxide, izingxenye ezingu-0.8 kuya kwezingu-5 ze-silicon carbide, izingxenye ezingu-0.02 kuya kwezingu-0.5 ze-yttrium oxide, izingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya kwezingu-1.5 ze-chromium trioxide, izingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya kwezingu-1.5 ze-kaolin, izingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya kwezingu-1.5 zezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, kanye nezingxenye ezingu-0.8 kuya kwezingu-5 ze-carbon black, bese zixutshwa ngokulinganayo ku-mixer ukuze kutholakale isigcwalisi; lapho, izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zihlanganisa izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-lanthanum carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-cerium carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-praseodymium carbonate, izingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-neodymium carbonate kanye nezingxenye ezingu-0.01-1.5 ze-promethium nitrate;
Isinyathelo sesi-2, ukulungiswa kwezinto zokwakha ifilimu, izinto zokwakha ifilimu yi-sodium potassium carbonate; kuqala kala i-potassium carbonate kanye ne-sodium carbonate ngokulandelana ngesisindo, bese uzixuba ngokulinganayo ukuze uthole izinto zokwakha ifilimu; i-sodium potassium carbonate. Isisindo esifanayo se-potassium carbonate kanye ne-sodium carbonate zixubene;
Isinyathelo sesi-3, isilinganiso sokuxuba sezinto zokugcwalisa kanye nefilimu ngesisindo singu-2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 noma 4.8: 5.2, futhi ingxube ixutshwe ngokulinganayo bese ihlakazwa ukuze kutholakale ingxube;
Esigabeni sesi-4, ingxube iyagaywa amahora angu-6-8, bese umkhiqizo oqediwe utholakala ngokudlula esikrinini, bese kuthi i-mesh yesikrini ibe ngu-1-5 μm.
3. Ukulungiswa kwe-cerium oxide e-ultrafine: Kusetshenziswa i-cerium carbonate emanzi njengesandulela, i-cerium oxide e-ultrafine enobukhulu bezinhlayiya eziphakathi ezingaphansi kwama-3 μm yalungiswa ngokugaywa kwebhola ngqo kanye ne-calcination. Imikhiqizo etholakele yonke inesakhiwo se-cubic fluorite. Njengoba izinga lokushisa le-calcination landa, usayizi wezinhlayiya zemikhiqizo uyancipha, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kuba mncane futhi i-crystallinity iyanda. Kodwa-ke, ikhono lokupholisha lezingilazi ezintathu ezahlukene libonise inani eliphakeme phakathi kuka-900℃ no-1000℃. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwezinto ezingaphandle kwengilazi ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisha lithinteka kakhulu usayizi wezinhlayiya, i-crystallinity kanye nomsebenzi wobuso bempuphu yokupholisha.