Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagents ze-lanthanide kwi-organic synthesis kuye kwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwazo, ii-reagents ezininzi ze-lanthanide zifunyenwe zine-catalysis ecacileyo ekuphenduleni kokwakheka kwebhondi ye-carbon-carbon; kwangaxeshanye, ii-reagents ezininzi ze-lanthanide zifunyenwe zineempawu ezibalaseleyo kwi-organic oxidation reactions kunye ne-organic reduction reactions ukuguqula amaqela asebenzayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo ze-Rare earth yimpumelelo yophando lwesayensi eneempawu zaseTshayina ezifunyenwe ngabasebenzi bezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe baseTshayina emva kweminyaka yokusebenza nzima, kwaye ikhuthazwe ngamandla njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokwandisa imveliso yezolimo eTshayina. I-Rare earth carbonate inyibilika lula kwi-asidi ukwenza iityuwa ezifanayo kunye ne-carbon dioxide, engasetyenziswa ngokulula ekuhlanganiseni iityuwa ezahlukeneyo ze-rare earth kunye nee-complexes ngaphandle kokungenisa ukungcola kwe-anionic. Umzekelo, inokusabela kwii-asidi ezinamandla ezifana ne-nitric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid, i-perchloric acid, kunye ne-sulfuric acid ukwenza iityuwa ezinyibilikayo emanzini. Isabela kwi-phosphoric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid ukuze iguquke ibe yi-insoluble rare earth phosphates kunye ne-fluorides. Zisabela kwiiasidi ezininzi ze-organic ukuze zenze iikhompawundi ze-rare earth organic ezifanayo. Zingaba zii-cations ezinyibilikayo okanye ii-anions ezintsonkothileyo, okanye iikhompawundi ezingathathi hlangothi ezinganyibilikiyo kakhulu ziyavuthuluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso lesisombululo. Kwelinye icala, i-rare earth carbonate inokubola ibe zii-oxides ezifanayo ngokuyila i-calcination, engasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ekulungiseleleni izinto ezininzi ezintsha ze-rare earth. Okwangoku, imveliso yonyaka ye-rare earth carbonate eTshayina ingaphezulu kweetoni ezili-10,000, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-rare earth carbonate kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini le-rare earth.
I-Cerium carbonate yi-inorganic compound enefomyula yekhemikhali ye-C3Ce2O9, ubunzima be-molecular obuyi-460, i-logP ye--7.40530, i-PSA ye-198.80000, iqondo lokubila le-333.6ºC kwi-760 mmHg, kunye ne-flash point ye-169.8ºC. Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso ye-rare earths, i-cerium carbonate sisixhobo esiphakathi sokulungiselela iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-cerium ezifana neetyuwa ezahlukeneyo ze-cerium kunye ne-cerium oxide. Inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwaye yimveliso ebalulekileyo ye-rare earth ekhanyayo. I-hydrated cerium carbonate crystal inesakhiwo sohlobo lwe-lanthanite, kwaye ifoto yayo ye-SEM ibonisa ukuba imo esisiseko ye-hydrated cerium carbonate crystal ifana ne-flake, kwaye ii-flakes zidityaniswe kukudibana okubuthathaka ukwenza isakhiwo esifana ne-petal, kwaye isakhiwo sikhululekile, ngoko ke phantsi kwesenzo samandla oomatshini kulula ukuqhekeka zibe ziingceba ezincinci. I-cerium carbonate eveliswa ngokwesiko kushishino okwangoku ine-42-46% kuphela yomhlaba onqabileyo emva kokuba womile, nto leyo ethintela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-cerium carbonate.
Uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuphantsi, umgangatho ozinzileyo, i-cerium carbonate evelisiweyo ayidingi komiswa okanye yomiswe emva kokomiswa kwe-centrifugal, kwaye inani lilonke lee-rare earths linokufikelela kwi-72% ukuya kwi-74%, kwaye le nkqubo ilula kwaye yinkqubo yenyathelo elinye lokulungiselela i-cerium carbonate enenani eliphezulu lee-rare earths. Le nkqubo yobugcisa ilandelayo iyasetyenziswa: indlela yenyathelo elinye isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-cerium carbonate enenani eliphezulu lee-rare earths, oko kukuthi, isisombululo se-cerium feed esinoxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-CeO240-90g/L sitshiswa kwi-95°C ukuya kwi-105°C, kwaye i-ammonium bicarbonate yongezwa phantsi kokuxutywa rhoqo ukuze kukhawuleziswe i-cerium carbonate. Inani le-ammonium bicarbonate lilungiswa ukuze ixabiso le-pH lolwelo lokutya ekugqibeleni lilungiswe ukuya kwi-6.3 ukuya kwi-6.5, kwaye izinga lokongeza lifanelekile ukuze ulwelo lokutya lungaphumi emgqomeni. Isisombululo sesondlo se-cerium ubuncinane sisisombululo samanzi se-cerium chloride, isisombululo samanzi se-cerium sulfate okanye isisombululo samanzi se-cerium nitrate. Iqela le-R&D le-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. lisebenzisa indlela entsha yokudibanisa ngokongeza isisombululo se-ammonium bicarbonate eqinileyo okanye isisombululo se-ammonium bicarbonate samanzi.
I-Cerium carbonate ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-cerium oxide, i-cerium dioxide kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Iindlela zokusetyenziswa kunye nemizekelo zezi zilandelayo:
1. Iglasi ye-violet engakhanyisiyo efunxa kakhulu imisebe ye-ultraviolet kunye nenxalenye etyheli yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo lweglasi eqhelekileyo ye-soda-lime-silica float, ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo kwiipesenti zobunzima: i-silica 72~82%, i-sodium oxide 6~15%, i-calcium oxide 4~13%, i-magnesium oxide 2~8%, i-Alumina 0~3%, i-iron oxide 0.05~0.3%, i-cerium carbonate 0.1~3%, i-neodymium carbonate 0.4~1.2%, i-manganese dioxide 0.5~3%. Iglasi enobukhulu obuyi-4mm inokukhanya okubonakalayo okungaphezulu kwe-80%, ukukhanya okungaphantsi kwe-ultraviolet 15%, kunye nokukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-568-590 nm ngaphantsi kwe-15%.
2. Ipeyinti yokonga amandla e-endothermic, ebonakala ngokuba yenziwe ngokuxuba i-filler kunye nezinto ezenza ifilimu, kwaye i-filler yenziwa ngokuxuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zibe ziinxalenye ngobunzima: iinxalenye ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-35 ze-silicon dioxide, kunye neenxalenye ezisi-8 ukuya kuma-20 ze-aluminium oxide. , iinxalenye ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-10 ze-titanium oxide, iinxalenye ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-10 ze-zirconia, iinxalenye ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-5 ze-zinc oxide, iinxalenye ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-5 ze-magnesium oxide, iinxalenye ezi-0.8 ukuya kwezi-5 ze-silicon carbide, iinxalenye ezi-0.02 ukuya kwezi-0.5 ze-yttrium oxide, kunye neenxalenye ezi-0.01 ukuya kwezi-1.5 ze-chromium oxide. iinxalenye, iinxalenye ezi-0.01-1.5 ze-kaolin, iinxalenye ezi-0.01-1.5 zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, iinxalenye ezi-0.8-5 ze-carbon black, ubungakanani be-particle yento nganye eluhlaza yi-1-5 μm; apho, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziquka iinxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-lanthanum carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-cerium carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-1.5 ze-praseodymium carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-0.01 ukuya kweziyi-1.5 ze-praseodymium carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-0.01 ukuya kweziyi-1.5 ze-neodymium carbonate kunye neenxalenye eziyi-0.01 ukuya kweziyi-1.5 ze-promethium nitrate; izinto zokwenza ifilimu yi-potassium sodium carbonate; i-potassium sodium carbonate ixutywe nobunzima obufanayo be-potassium carbonate kunye ne-sodium carbonate. Umlinganiselo wokuxuba ubunzima be-filler kunye nezinto zokwenza ifilimu yi-2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 okanye 4.8:5.2. Ngaphezu koko, uhlobo lwendlela yokulungiselela ipeyinti yokonga amandla ye-endothermic luphawulwa ngokuquka la manyathelo alandelayo:
Inyathelo 1, ukulungiswa kwesithako, kuqala kufuneka ubunzima beenxalenye ezingama-20-35 ze-silica, iinxalenye ezi-8-20 ze-alumina, iinxalenye ezi-4-10 ze-titanium oxide, iinxalenye ezi-4-10 ze-zirconia, kunye neenxalenye ezi-1-5 ze-zinc oxide ngobunzima. , iinxalenye ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-5 ze-magnesium oxide, iinxalenye ezi-0.8 ukuya kwezi-5 ze-silicon carbide, iinxalenye ezi-0.02 ukuya kwezi-0.5 ze-yttrium oxide, iinxalenye ezi-0.01 ukuya kwezi-1.5 ze-chromium trioxide, iinxalenye ezi-0.01 ukuya kwezi-1.5 ze-kaolin, iinxalenye ezi-0.01 ukuya kwezi-1.5 zezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kunye neenxalenye ezi-0.8 ukuya kwezi-5 ze-carbon black, uze emva koko uxube ngokulinganayo kwi-mixer ukuze ufumane isithako; apho, izinto zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga ziquka iinxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-lanthanum carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-cerium carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-praseodymium carbonate, iinxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-neodymium carbonate kunye neenxalenye eziyi-0.01-1.5 ze-promethium nitrate;
Inyathelo lesi-2, ukulungiswa kwezinto zokwenza ifilimu, izinto zokwenza ifilimu yi-sodium potassium carbonate; kuqala linganisa i-potassium carbonate kunye ne-sodium carbonate ngokulandelelana ngobunzima, uze uzixube ngokulinganayo ukuze ufumane izinto zokwenza ifilimu; i-sodium potassium carbonate ixutywe ngobunzima obufanayo be-potassium carbonate kunye ne-sodium carbonate;
Inyathelo lesi-3, umlinganiselo wokuxuba wezinto ezizalisa kunye nefilimu ngobunzima yi-2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 okanye 4.8: 5.2, kwaye umxube uxutywe ngokulinganayo kwaye usasazwe ukuze kufunyanwe umxube;
Kwinyathelo lesi-4, umxube ucolwa ngebhola iiyure ezi-6-8, uze emva koko imveliso egqityiweyo ifumaneke ngokudlula kwiscreen, kwaye i-mesh yescreen yi-1-5 μm.
3. Ukulungiswa kwe-ultrafine cerium oxide: Ukusebenzisa i-hydrated cerium carbonate njenge-precursor, i-ultrafine cerium oxide enobukhulu obuphakathi be-particle obungaphantsi kwe-3 μm yalungiswa ngokusila ngqo ibhola kunye ne-calcination. Zonke iimveliso ezifunyenweyo zinesakhiwo se-cubic fluorite. Njengoko ubushushu be-calcination busanda, ubungakanani be-particle yeemveliso buyancipha, ukusasazwa kobukhulu be-particle kuba mncinci kwaye i-crystallinity iyanda. Nangona kunjalo, amandla okupholisha eeglasi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo abonise ixabiso eliphezulu phakathi kwe-900℃ kunye ne-1000℃. Ke ngoko, kukholelwa ukuba izinga lokususwa kwezinto zeglasi ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisha lichaphazeleka kakhulu bubungakanani be-particle, i-crystallinity kunye nomsebenzi womphezulu we-powder yokupholisha.