I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā reagents lanthanide i ka synthesis organik. I waena o lākou, ua ʻike ʻia he nui nā reagents lanthanide i loaʻa ka catalysis koho maopopo i ka hopena o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pilina kalapona-kalapona; i ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia he nui nā reagents lanthanide i loaʻa nā ʻano maikaʻi loa i nā hopena oxidation organik a me nā hopena hoʻemi organik e hoʻololi i nā hui hana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahiʻai honua laha ʻole he hoʻokō noiʻi ʻepekema me nā ʻano Kina i loaʻa e nā limahana ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana Kina ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hana nui, a ua hoʻolaha ikaika ʻia ma ke ʻano he ana koʻikoʻi e hoʻonui i ka hana mahiʻai ma Kina. He maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka carbonate honua laha ʻole i ka waikawa e hana i nā paʻakai a me ke kalapona dioxide e pili ana, hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia i ka synthesis o nā paʻakai honua laha ʻole a me nā hui me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā haumia anionic. No ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hana me nā waikawa ikaika e like me ka waikawa nitric, ka waikawa hydrochloric, ka waikawa nitric, ka waikawa perchloric, a me ka waikawa sulfuric e hana i nā paʻakai wai-soluble. Hana me ka waikawa phosphoric a me ka waikawa hydrofluoric e hoʻololi i nā phosphates honua laha ʻole a me nā fluorides. Hana me nā waikawa organik he nui e hana i nā hui honua laha ʻole e pili ana. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau cation paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole nā anion paʻakikī, a i ʻole nā hui kūlike ʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma muli o ka waiwai o ka hopena. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka carbonate honua laha i loko o nā oxides like ma o ka calcination, hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea honua laha hou. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana makahiki o ka carbonate honua laha ma Kina ma mua o 10,000 tons, e helu ana ma mua o ka hapahā o nā waiwai honua laha āpau, e hōʻike ana he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka carbonate honua laha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana honua laha.
He hui inorganic ʻo Cerium carbonate me ke ʻano kemika o C3Ce2O9, he kaumaha molekala o 460, he logP o -7.40530, he PSA o 198.80000, he kiko paila o 333.6ºC ma 760 mmHg, a he kiko lapalapa o 169.8ºC. I ka hana ʻoihana o nā honua laha ʻole, ʻo ka cerium carbonate kahi mea maka waena no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana cerium like ʻole e like me nā paʻakai cerium like ʻole a me ka cerium oxide. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ākea o nā hoʻohana a he huahana honua laha māmā koʻikoʻi. Loaʻa i ka kristal hydrated cerium carbonate kahi ʻano lanthanite, a hōʻike kāna kiʻi SEM he ʻano flake ke ʻano kumu o ka kristal hydrated cerium carbonate, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā flakes e nā pilina nāwaliwali e hana i kahi ʻano petal, a ua wehe ʻia ke ʻano, no laila ma lalo o ka hana o ka ikaika mechanical ua maʻalahi ke ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka cerium carbonate i hana maʻamau ʻia i ka ʻoihana i kēia manawa he 42-46% wale nō o ka huina o ka honua laha ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, ka mea e kaupalena ana i ka pono hana o ka cerium carbonate.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana wai haʻahaʻa, ke ʻano paʻa, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka cerium carbonate i hana ʻia a maloʻo paha ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo centrifugal, a hiki i ka nui o nā honua laha ke hiki i ka 72% a i ka 74%, a he maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana a he hana hoʻokahi-ʻanuʻu no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka cerium carbonate me ka nui o nā honua laha. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka papahana loea ma lalo nei: hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano hana hoʻokahi-ʻanuʻu e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka cerium carbonate me ka nui o ka honua laha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomehana ʻia ka hopena hānai cerium me ka nui o CeO240-90g/L ma 95°C a i 105°C, a hoʻohui ʻia ka ammonium bicarbonate ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu mau ʻana e hoʻoheheʻe i ka cerium carbonate. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui o ka ammonium bicarbonate i mea e hoʻoponopono hope ʻia ai ka waiwai pH o ka wai hānai i 6.3 a i 6.5, a kūpono ka helu hoʻohui i ʻole e holo ka wai hānai mai loko mai o ke awāwa. ʻO ka hopena hānai cerium ma ka liʻiliʻi he hoʻokahi o ka hopena wai cerium chloride, ka hopena wai cerium sulfate a i ʻole ka hopena wai cerium nitrate. Ua hoʻohana ke kime R&D o UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. i kahi ʻano hana hana hou ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ammonium bicarbonate paʻa a i ʻole ka hopena ammonium bicarbonate wai.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cerium carbonate e hoʻomākaukau i ka cerium oxide, cerium dioxide a me nā nanomaterials ʻē aʻe. Eia nā noi a me nā laʻana:
1. He aniani poni anti-glare e omo ikaika ana i nā kukuna ultraviolet a me ka ʻāpana melemele o ke kukui ʻike ʻia. Ma muli o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ke aniani lana soda-lime-silica maʻamau, aia nā mea maka ma nā pakeneka kaumaha: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8%, Alumina 0 ~ 3%, iron oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ke aniani 4mm mānoanoa ma mua o 80%, emi ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ultraviolet ma mua o 15%, a emi ka hoʻoili ʻana ma nā nalu o 568-590 nm ma mua o 15%.
2. He pena mālama ikehu endothermic, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana ʻia ma ke kāwili ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopihapiha a me kahi mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ua hana ʻia ka mea hoʻopihapiha ma ke kāwili ʻana i nā mea maka ma nā ʻāpana ma ke kaumaha: 20 a 35 mau ʻāpana o ka silicon dioxide, a me 8 a 20 mau ʻāpana o ka alumini oxide. , 4 a 10 mau ʻāpana o ka titanium oxide, 4 a 10 mau ʻāpana o ka zirconia, 1 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka zinc oxide, 1 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka magnesium oxide, 0.8 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka silicon carbide, 0.02 a 0.5 mau ʻāpana o ka yttrium oxide, a me 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka chromium oxide. nā ʻāpana, 0.01-1.5 mau ʻāpana o kaolin, 0.01-1.5 mau ʻāpana o nā mea honua laha ʻole, 0.8-5 mau ʻāpana o ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia mea maka he 1-5 μm; kahi, ʻo nā mea honua laha ʻole e komo pū ana me 0.01-1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka cerium carbonate 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka neodymium carbonate a me 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka promethium nitrate; ʻo ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni he potassium sodium carbonate; ua hui pū ʻia ka potassium sodium carbonate me ke kaumaha like o ka potassium carbonate a me ka sodium carbonate. ʻO ka lakio hui kaumaha o ka mea hoʻopihapiha a me ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni he 2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 a i ʻole 4.8:5.2. Eia kekahi, ua wehewehe ʻia kahi ʻano hoʻomākaukau o ka pena mālama ikehu endothermic ma ka mea e pili ana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu:
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka mea hoʻopihapiha, e kaupaona mua i 20-35 mau ʻāpana o ka silica, 8-20 mau ʻāpana o ka alumina, 4-10 mau ʻāpana o ka titanium oxide, 4-10 mau ʻāpana o ka zirconia, a me 1-5 mau ʻāpana o ka zinc oxide ma ke kaupaona. , 1 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka magnesium oxide, 0.8 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ka silicon carbide, 0.02 a 0.5 mau ʻāpana o ka yttrium oxide, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o ka chromium trioxide, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o kaolin, 0.01 a 1.5 mau ʻāpana o nā mea honua laha ʻole, a me 0.8 a 5 mau ʻāpana o ke kalapona ʻeleʻele, a laila hui like ʻia i loko o kahi mea hui e loaʻa ai kahi mea hoʻopihapiha; ma laila, ʻo ka mea honua laha ʻole e komo pū ana me 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 ʻāpana o ka neodymium carbonate a me 0.01～1.5 ʻāpana o ka promethium nitrate;
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni ka sodium potassium carbonate; kaupaona mua i ka potassium carbonate a me ka sodium carbonate ma ke kaupaona, a laila kāwili like iā lākou e loaʻa ai ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni; ua hui pū ʻia ka sodium potassium carbonate me ke kaumaha like o ka potassium carbonate a me ka sodium carbonate;
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3, ʻo ka lakio hui ʻana o ka mea hoʻopihapiha a me ka mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ke kaumaha he 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 a i ʻole 4.8: 5.2, a ua hui like ʻia ka hui ʻana a ua hoʻopuehu ʻia e loaʻa ai kahi hui ʻana;
Ma ka hana 4, ua wili ʻia ka hui ʻana no 6-8 mau hola, a laila loaʻa ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia ma ke hele ʻana ma o kahi kānana, a ʻo ka ʻupena o ka kānana he 1-5 μm.
3. Hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka cerium oxide ultrafine: Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrated cerium carbonate ma ke ʻano he precursor, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka cerium oxide ultrafine me ka nui o ka ʻāpana waena ma lalo o 3 μm ma o ka wili pōpō pololei a me ka calcination. Loaʻa i nā huahana i loaʻa kahi ʻano fluorite cubic. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana calcination, emi ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā huahana, lilo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a piʻi ka crystallinity. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o ʻekolu mau aniani like ʻole i kahi waiwai kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 900 ℃ a me 1000 ℃. No laila, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka wehe ʻana o nā mea ʻili aniani i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana polishing e pili nui ʻia e ka nui o nā ʻāpana, ka crystallinity a me ka hana ʻili o ka pauka polishing.