A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an haɓaka amfani da reagents na lanthanide a cikin haɗin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki. Daga cikinsu, an gano cewa reagents na lanthanide da yawa suna da takamaiman zaɓin catalysis a cikin amsawar haɗin carbon-carbon; a lokaci guda, an gano cewa reagents na lanthanide da yawa suna da kyawawan halaye a cikin halayen oxidation na kwayoyin halitta da halayen rage ƙwayoyin halitta don canza ƙungiyoyin aiki. Amfani da ƙasa mai ƙarancin amfani da ƙasa nasara ce ta binciken kimiyya tare da halayen Sinawa da ma'aikatan kimiyya da fasaha na China suka samu bayan shekaru na aiki tuƙuru, kuma an haɓaka shi sosai a matsayin muhimmin ma'auni don haɓaka samar da amfanin gona a China. Carbonate ƙasa mai ƙarancin yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin acid don samar da gishirin da carbon dioxide daidai, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi cikin sauƙi wajen haɗa gishirin ƙasa daban-daban da hadaddun abubuwa ba tare da gabatar da ƙazanta na anionic ba. Misali, yana iya amsawa da acid masu ƙarfi kamar nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, da sulfuric acid don samar da gishirin da ke narkewa cikin ruwa. Yi amsawa da phosphoric acid da hydrofluoric acid don canza zuwa phosphates ƙasa mai ƙarancin narkewa da fluorides. Yi amsawa da acid na halitta da yawa don samar da mahadi na ƙasa mai ƙarancin narkewa. Suna iya zama cations masu rikitarwa masu narkewa ko anions masu rikitarwa, ko kuma mahaɗan da ba su da narkewa sosai ana haifar su dangane da ƙimar maganin. A gefe guda kuma, ana iya raba carbonate mai ƙarancin narkewa zuwa oxides masu dacewa ta hanyar calcination, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen shirya sabbin kayan ƙasa masu ƙarancin wadata. A halin yanzu, yawan carbonate mai ƙarancin wadata a kowace shekara a China ya wuce tan 10,000, wanda ya kai fiye da kwata na duk kayayyakin ƙasa masu ƙarancin wadata, wanda ke nuna cewa samar da masana'antu da amfani da carbonate mai ƙarancin wadata yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka masana'antar ƙasa mai ƙarancin wadata.
Cerium carbonate wani sinadari ne na halitta wanda ke da sinadarin sinadarai na C3Ce2O9, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 460, logP na -7.40530, PSA na 198.80000, zafin tafasa na 333.6ºC a 760 mmHg, da kuma zafin walƙiya na 169.8ºC. A cikin masana'antar samar da ƙasa mai wuya, cerium carbonate abu ne mai matsakaicin ƙarfi don shirya samfuran cerium daban-daban kamar gishirin cerium daban-daban da cerium oxide. Yana da amfani iri-iri kuma muhimmin samfurin ƙasa ne mai sauƙi. Cristal ɗin cerium carbonate mai ruwa yana da tsari irin na lanthanite, kuma hoton SEM ɗinsa ya nuna cewa siffar asali ta crystal ɗin cerium carbonate mai ruwa yana kama da flake, kuma flakes ɗin suna ɗaure tare ta hanyar rauni hulɗa don samar da tsari mai kama da fure, kuma tsarin yana kwance, don haka ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin injiniya Yana da sauƙin raba shi zuwa ƙananan gutsuttsura. Cerium carbonate da aka saba samarwa a masana'antar a halin yanzu yana da kashi 42-46% kawai na jimlar ƙasa mai wuya bayan bushewa, wanda hakan ke iyakance ingancin samar da cerium carbonate.
Wani nau'in ƙarancin amfani da ruwa, ingancin da ya dace, ba a buƙatar busar da cerium carbonate da aka samar ko a busar da shi bayan busar da centrifugal, kuma jimlar adadin ƙasa mai wuya zai iya kaiwa kashi 72% zuwa 74%, kuma tsarin yana da sauƙi kuma tsari ne na mataki ɗaya don shirya cerium carbonate tare da yawan ƙasa mai wuya. An ɗauki tsarin fasaha mai zuwa: ana amfani da hanyar mataki ɗaya don shirya cerium carbonate tare da yawan ƙasa mai wuya, wato, ana dumama maganin cerium feed tare da yawan CeO240-90g/L a 95°C zuwa 105°C, kuma ana ƙara ammonium bicarbonate a ƙarƙashin motsawa akai-akai don haɓaka cerium carbonate. Ana daidaita adadin ammonium bicarbonate don a ƙarshe a daidaita ƙimar pH na ruwan ciyarwa zuwa 6.3 zuwa 6.5, kuma ƙimar ƙari ta dace don kada ruwan ciyarwa ya ƙare daga cikin kwano. Maganin ciyar da cerium shine aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin maganin ruwa na cerium chloride, maganin ruwa na cerium sulfate ko maganin ruwa na cerium nitrate. Ƙungiyar bincike da ci gaba ta UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. ta rungumi sabuwar hanyar hadawa ta hanyar ƙara sinadarin ammonium bicarbonate mai ƙarfi ko kuma maganin ammonium bicarbonate mai ruwa-ruwa.
Ana iya amfani da Cerium carbonate don shirya cerium oxide, cerium dioxide da sauran kayan nano. Aikace-aikacen da misalan su ne kamar haka:
1. Gilashin violet mai hana haske wanda ke shan hasken ultraviolet sosai da kuma ɓangaren rawaya na hasken da ake iya gani. Dangane da abun da ke cikin gilashin soda-lime-silica na yau da kullun, ya haɗa da waɗannan kayan masarufi a cikin kashi-kashi na nauyi: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8%, Alumina 0 ~ 3%, iron oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. Gilashin mai kauri 4mm yana da haske mai iya gani wanda ya fi 80%, ultraviolet transmittance ƙasa da 15%, da transmittance a tsawon tsayin 568-590 nm ƙasa da 15%.
2. Fenti mai adana makamashi na endothermic, wanda aka siffanta shi da cewa ana samar da shi ta hanyar haɗa filler da kayan da ke samar da fim, kuma ana samar da filler ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan kayan a sassa ta hanyar nauyi: sassa 20 zuwa 35 na silicon dioxide, da sassa 8 zuwa 20 na aluminum oxide., sassa 4 zuwa 10 na titanium oxide, sassa 4 zuwa 10 na zirconia, sassa 1 zuwa 5 na zinc oxide, sassa 1 zuwa 5 na magnesium oxide, sassa 0.8 zuwa 5 na silicon carbide, sassa 0.02 zuwa 0.5 na yttrium oxide, da sassa 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na chromium oxide., sassa 0.01-1.5 na kaolin, sassa 0.01-1.5 na kayan ƙasa masu wuya, sassa 0.8-5 na carbon black, girman barbashi na kowane kayan shine 1-5 μm; inda, kayan ƙasa marasa yawa sun haɗa da sassan 0.01-1.5 na lanthanum carbonate, sassan 0.01-1.5 na cerium carbonate, sassan 1.5 na praseodymium carbonate, sassan 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na praseodymium carbonate, sassan 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na neodymium carbonate da sassan 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na promethium nitrate; kayan samar da fim ɗin shine potassium sodium carbonate; potassium sodium carbonate an haɗa shi da nauyin potassium carbonate da sodium carbonate iri ɗaya. Rabon haɗa nauyi na mai cikawa da kayan samar da fim shine 2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 ko 4.8:5.2. Bugu da ƙari, wani nau'in hanyar shiri na fenti mai adana makamashi na endothermic an siffanta shi ta hanyar ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:
Mataki na 1, shirya cikar, da farko a auna sassa 20-35 na silica, sassa 8-20 na alumina, sassa 4-10 na titanium oxide, sassa 4-10 na zirconia, da sassa 1-5 na zinc oxide ta nauyi., sassa 1 zuwa 5 na magnesium oxide, sassa 0.8 zuwa 5 na silicon carbide, sassa 0.02 zuwa 0.5 na yttrium oxide, sassa 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na chromium trioxide, sassa 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na kaolin, sassa 0.01 zuwa 1.5 na kayan ƙasa masu wuya, da sassa 0.8 zuwa 5 na carbon black, sannan a haɗa su a cikin mahaɗi don samun cika; inda, kayan ƙasa mai wuya ya ƙunshi sassa 0.01-1.5 na lanthanum carbonate, sassa 0.01-1.5 na cerium carbonate, sassa 0.01-1.5 na praseodymium carbonate, sassa 0.01-1.5 na neodymium carbonate da sassa 0.01-1.5 na promethium nitrate;
Mataki na 2, shirya kayan da ke samar da fim, kayan da ke samar da fim shine sodium potassium carbonate; da farko a auna potassium carbonate da sodium carbonate bi da bi ta hanyar nauyi, sannan a gauraya su daidai gwargwado don samun kayan da ke samar da fim; sodium potassium carbonate shine Nauyin potassium carbonate iri ɗaya da sodium carbonate;
Mataki na 3, rabon haɗa kayan cikawa da fim ta nauyi shine 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 ko 4.8: 5.2, kuma cakuda za a haɗa shi gaba ɗaya sannan a watsa shi don samun cakuda;
A mataki na 4, ana niƙa hadin a cikin ƙwallo na tsawon awanni 6-8, sannan a sami samfurin da aka gama ta hanyar wucewa ta cikin allo, kuma ragar allon tana da 1-5 μm.
3. Shirya sinadarin oxide na ultrafine: An yi amfani da sinadarin cerium carbonate mai ruwa-ruwa a matsayin abin da ya fara aiki, an shirya sinadarin oxide na ultrafine mai matsakaicin girman barbashi ƙasa da 3 μm ta hanyar niƙa ƙwallon kai tsaye da kuma yin kauri. Duk kayayyakin da aka samu suna da tsarin fluorite mai siffar cubic. Yayin da zafin kauri ke ƙaruwa, girman barbashi na kayayyakin yana raguwa, rarrabawar girman barbashi yana ƙara ƙanƙanta kuma ƙarfin kauri yana ƙaruwa. Duk da haka, ikon goge gilashin gilashi daban-daban guda uku ya nuna matsakaicin ƙima tsakanin 900℃ da 1000℃. Saboda haka, ana kyautata zaton cewa yawan cire abubuwan saman gilashi yayin aikin kauri yana da matuƙar tasiri sakamakon girman barbashi, yadda ake yin kauri da kuma yadda ake yin amfani da foda mai kauri.