Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwe lanthanide reagents mukugadzirwa kweorganic kwakagadzirwa nekukurumidza. Pakati pawo, ma lanthanide reagents mazhinji akaonekwa aine pachena selective catalysis mukuita kwe carbon-carbon bond formation; panguva imwe chete, ma lanthanide reagents mazhinji akaonekwa aine hunhu hwakanaka mu organic oxidation reactions uye organic reduction reactions kuti ashandure functional groups. Rare earth agriculture use itsvigiridzo yesainzi ine hunhu hweChinese hwakawanikwa nevashandi vesainzi netekinoroji vekuChina mushure memakore ekushanda nesimba, uye yakakurudzirwa zvakasimba senzira yakakosha yekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwekurima muChina. Rare earth carbonate inonyungudika nyore nyore mu acid kuti igadzire munyu unoenderana uye carbon dioxide, iyo inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore mukugadzira munyu wakasiyana-siyana we rare earth uye complexes pasina kuisa anionic disadvantages. Semuenzaniso, inogona kuita ne strong acids dzakadai se nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, uye sulfuric acid kuti igadzire munyu unonyungudika mumvura. Ita ne phosphoric acid uye hydrofluoric acid kuti ishanduke kuita insoluble rare earth phosphates and fluorides. Zvinoita sezvakaita nema organic acids akawanda kuti zvigadzire zvinhu zve rare earth organic zvinoenderana. Zvinogona kunge ma soluble complex cation kana ma complex anions, kana kuti zvinhu zvisinganyunguduke zvakanyanya zvinosanganiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe solution. Kune rumwe rutivi, rare earth carbonate inogona kusanganiswa kuita ma oxides anoenderana ne calcination, ayo anogona kushandiswa zvakananga mukugadzirira zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda zve rare earth. Parizvino, kubuda kwegore negore kwe rare earth carbonate muChina kunopfuura matani 10,000, zvichireva zvinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvinhu zvese zve rare earth, zvichiratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekushandiswa kwe rare earth carbonate kunoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira indasitiri ye rare earth.
Cerium carbonate chinhu chisina kugadzirwa chine fomura yemakemikari yeC3Ce2O9, huremu hwemamorekuru hwe460, logP ye -7.40530, PSA ye198.80000, poindi yekufashaira ye333.6ºC pa760 mmHg, uye poindi yekupenya ye169.8ºC. Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri e rare earths, cerium carbonate chinhu chepakati chekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvecerium zvakaita se cerium salts dzakasiyana-siyana ne cerium oxide. Iine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana uye chigadzirwa chakakosha che rare earth. Cerium carbonate crystal ine chimiro cherudzi rwe lanthanite, uye mufananidzo wayo weSEM unoratidza kuti chimiro che hydrated cerium carbonate crystal chakaita se flake-like, uye flakes dzinobatanidzwa pamwe chete nekudyidzana kusina simba kuti dzigadzire chimiro chakaita se petal, uye chimiro chacho chakasununguka, saka pasi pesimba re mechanical Zviri nyore kupatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Cerium carbonate inogadzirwa muindasitiri iyi parizvino ine 42-46% chete yevhu rese risingawanzoonekwi mushure mekuoma, izvo zvinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwecerium carbonate.
Rudzi rwemvura shoma inoshandiswa, mhando yakagadzikana, cerium carbonate inogadzirwa haidi kuomeswa kana kuomeswa mushure mekuomeswa kwecentrifugal, uye huwandu hwenyika dzisingawanzoonekwi hunogona kusvika 72% kusvika 74%, uye maitiro acho ari nyore uye maitiro edanho rimwe chete ekugadzira cerium carbonate nehuwandu hwakawanda hwenyika dzisingawanzoonekwi. Chirongwa chehunyanzvi chinotevera chinoshandiswa: nzira yedanho rimwe chete inoshandiswa kugadzira cerium carbonate nehuwandu hwakawanda hwenyika dzisingawanzoonekwi, kureva kuti, cerium feed solution ine huwandu hwakawanda hweCeO240-90g/L inodziiswa pa95°C kusvika 105°C, uye ammonium bicarbonate inowedzerwa ichikurunga nguva dzose kuti cerium carbonate iite. Huwandu hweammonium bicarbonate hunogadziriswa kuitira kuti pH yemvura yekudyisa igadziriswe kusvika 6.3 kusvika 6.5, uye mwero wekuwedzera wakakodzera kuitira kuti mvura yekudyisa isapere mugomba. Mhinduro yekudyisa cerium inenge iri imwe ye cerium chloride aqueous solution, cerium sulfate aqueous solution kana cerium nitrate aqueous solution. Chikwata cheR&D cheUrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. chinoshandisa nzira itsva yekugadzira nekuwedzera solid ammonium bicarbonate kana aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution.
Cerium carbonate inogona kushandiswa kugadzira cerium oxide, cerium dioxide nezvimwe zvinhu zve nanomaterials. Mashandisirwo nemienzaniso ndeiyi inotevera:
1. Girazi reviolet rinodzivirira kupenya rinonyudza mwaranzi ye ultraviolet nesimba uye chikamu cheyero chechiedza chinoonekwa. Zvichibva pakugadzirwa kwegirazi re soda-lime-silica float, rine zvinhu zvinotevera muhuremu: silica 72~82%, sodium oxide 6~15%, calcium oxide 4~13%, magnesium oxide 2~8%, Alumina 0~3%, iron oxide 0.05~0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1~3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4~1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5~3%. Girazi rine ukobvu hwe4mm rine kupenya kwechiedza kunoonekwa kupfuura 80%, kupenya kwe ultraviolet kusingasviki 15%, uye kupenya kwechiedza pahurefu hwe 568-590 nm kusingasviki 15%.
2. Pendi inochengetedza simba re endothermic, inozivikanwa nekuti inoumbwa nekusanganisa filler nezvinhu zvinogadzira firimu, uye filler inoumbwa nekusanganisa zvinhu zvinotevera muzvikamu nehuremu: zvikamu makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu nezvishanu zvesilicon dioxide, uye zvikamu zvisere kusvika makumi maviri zvealuminium oxide. , zvikamu zvina kusvika gumi zvetitanium oxide, zvikamu zvina kusvika gumi zvezirconia, zvikamu chimwe kusvika zvishanu zvezinc oxide, zvikamu chimwe kusvika zvishanu zvemagnesium oxide, zvikamu 0.8 kusvika ku5 zvesilicon carbide, zvikamu 0.02 kusvika ku0.5 zveyttrium oxide, uye zvikamu 0.01 kusvika ku1.5 zvechromium oxide. zvikamu, zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zvekaolin, zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zverare earth materials, zvikamu 0.8-5 zvecarbon black, saizi yechinhu chimwe nechimwe chakagadzirwa i1-5 μm; apo, zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvevhu zvinosanganisira 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zvelanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zvecerium carbonate, 1.5 zvikamu zvepraseodymium carbonate, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zvepraseodymium carbonate, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zveneodymium carbonate uye 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zvepromethium nitrate; chinhu chinoumba firimu ipotassium sodium carbonate; potassium sodium carbonate inosanganiswa nehuremu hwakafanana hwepotassium carbonate nesodium carbonate. Chiyero chekusanganisa huremu hwefiller nechinhu chinoumba firimu i2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 kana 4.8:5.2. Uyezve, rudzi rwenzira yekugadzirira pendi inochengetedza simba re endothermic inoratidzwa nematanho anotevera:
Danho 1, kugadzirira filler, kutanga kuyera zvikamu 20-35 zve silica, zvikamu 8-20 zve alumina, zvikamu 4-10 zve titanium oxide, zvikamu 4-10 zve zirconia, uye zvikamu 1-5 zve zinc oxide nehuremu. , zvikamu 1 kusvika ku5 zve magnesium oxide, zvikamu 0.8 kusvika ku5 zve silicon carbide, zvikamu 0.02 kusvika ku0.5 zve yttrium oxide, zvikamu 0.01 kusvika ku1.5 zve chromium trioxide, zvikamu 0.01 kusvika ku1.5 zve kaolin, zvikamu 0.01 kusvika ku1.5 zvezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki, uye zvikamu 0.8 kusvika ku5 zve carbon black, uye wozosanganiswa zvakafanana mumusanganiswa kuti uwane filler; apo, zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvevhu zvinosanganisira zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zvelanthanum carbonate, zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zvecerium carbonate, zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zvepraseodymium carbonate, zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zveneodymium carbonate uye zvikamu 0.01-1.5 zvepromethium nitrate;
Danho rechipiri, kugadzirira zvinhu zvinogadzira firimu, zvinhu zvinogadzira firimu i sodium potassium carbonate; tanga wayera potassium carbonate ne sodium carbonate zvichiteerana nehuremu, wozozvisanganisa zvakaenzana kuti uwane zvinhu zvinogadzira firimu; sodium potassium carbonate. Huremu hwakafanana hwe potassium carbonate ne sodium carbonate zvinosanganiswa;
Danho rechitatu, chiyero chekusanganisa zvinhu zvinozadza nefirimu nehuremu i2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 kana 4.8: 5.2, uye musanganiswa wacho unosanganiswa zvakaenzana woparadzirwa kuti pave nemusanganiswa;
Muchikamu chechina, musanganiswa unogayiwa kwemaawa 6-8, uye zvadaro chigadzirwa chapera chinowanikwa nekupfuura nepachidzitiro, uye mesh yechidzitiro i1-5 μm.
3. Kugadzirwa kwe ultrafine cerium oxide: Uchishandisa hydrated cerium carbonate senzira yekutanga, ultrafine cerium oxide ine saizi yepakati yezvikamu zvisingasviki 3 μm yakagadzirwa nekugaya zvakananga uye calcination. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa zvese zvine chimiro che cubic fluorite. Sezvo tembiricha ye calcination ichiwedzera, saizi yezvikamu zvezvigadzirwa inoderera, kugoverwa kwezvikamu kunova kudiki uye crystallinity inowedzera. Zvisinei, kugona kwekupukuta kwemagirazi matatu akasiyana kwakaratidza kukosha kwakanyanya pakati pe900℃ ne1000℃. Saka, zvinotendwa kuti mwero wekubvisa zvinhu zvegirazi panguva yekupukuta unokanganiswa zvikuru nehukuru hwezvikamu, crystallinity uye basa repamusoro pehupfu hwekupukuta.