M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kugwiritsa ntchito ma lanthanide reagents mu organic synthesis kwapangidwa mofulumizitsa. Pakati pawo, ma lanthanide reagents ambiri apezeka kuti ali ndi njira yodziwikiratu yodziwira momwe carbon-carbon bond imagwirira ntchito; nthawi yomweyo, ma lanthanide reagents ambiri apezeka kuti ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri mu organic oxidation reactions ndi organic reduction reactions kuti asinthe magulu ogwira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito rare earth agriculture ndi njira yofufuzira yasayansi yokhala ndi makhalidwe aku China omwe apezeka ndi akatswiri asayansi ndi ukadaulo aku China atatha zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo yalimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu ngati njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezera kupanga ulimi ku China. Rare earth carbonate imasungunuka mosavuta mu asidi kuti ipange mchere wofanana ndi carbon dioxide, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta popanga mchere ndi ma complexes osiyanasiyana a rare earth popanda kuyambitsa zonyansa za anionic. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kuchita ndi ma acid amphamvu monga nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, ndi sulfuric acid kuti ipange mchere wosungunuka m'madzi. Imachita ndi phosphoric acid ndi hydrofluoric acid kuti isinthe kukhala ma phosphates ndi fluoride osasungunuka. Zikakumana ndi ma organic acid ambiri kuti zipange mankhwala ofanana a rare earth organic. Zitha kukhala ma cation ovuta kusungunuka kapena ma anion ovuta, kapena mankhwala osasungunuka kwambiri omwe amasungunuka kutengera kuchuluka kwa yankho. Kumbali ina, rare earth carbonate imatha kusungunuka kukhala ma oxide ofanana ndi calcination, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pokonza zinthu zambiri zatsopano za rare earth. Pakadali pano, kutulutsa kwa rare earth carbonate pachaka ku China ndi matani opitilira 10,000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoposa kotala la zinthu zonse za rare earth, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito rare earth carbonate m'mafakitale kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa makampani a rare earth.
Cerium carbonate ndi chinthu chosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe chokhala ndi formula ya C3Ce2O9, kulemera kwa molekyulu ya 460, logP ya -7.40530, PSA ya 198.80000, kutentha kwa 333.6ºC pa 760 mmHg, ndi kuwala kwa 169.8ºC. Pakupanga ma earths osowa mafakitale, cerium carbonate ndi chinthu chapakati chopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za cerium monga mchere wa cerium ndi cerium oxide. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha earth osowa. Crystal ya cerium carbonate yosungunuka ili ndi kapangidwe ka lanthanite, ndipo chithunzi chake cha SEM chikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe oyambira a crystal ya cerium carbonate yosungunuka ali ngati flake, ndipo flakes zimamangiriridwa pamodzi ndi kuyanjana kofooka kuti apange kapangidwe kofanana ndi petal, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kotayirira, kotero pansi pa mphamvu ya makina ndikosavuta kugawanika m'zidutswa zazing'ono. Cerium carbonate yomwe imapangidwa mwachizolowezi m'makampaniwa pakadali pano ili ndi 42-46% yokha ya nthaka yonse yosowa ikauma, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga bwino kwa cerium carbonate.
Mtundu wa madzi ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, khalidwe lokhazikika, cerium carbonate yopangidwa siifunika kuumitsa kapena kuumitsa pambuyo pouma kwa centrifugal, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nthaka yosowa kumatha kufika 72% mpaka 74%, ndipo njirayi ndi yosavuta komanso njira imodzi yokha yokonzekera cerium carbonate yokhala ndi nthaka yosowa yambiri. Njira yotsatirayi yaukadaulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito: njira imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera cerium carbonate yokhala ndi nthaka yosowa yambiri, ndiko kuti, yankho la cerium feed lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kwa CeO240-90g/L limatenthedwa pa 95°C mpaka 105°C, ndipo ammonium bicarbonate imawonjezedwa pansi pa kusakaniza kosalekeza kuti cerium carbonate ipangike. Kuchuluka kwa ammonium bicarbonate kumasinthidwa kuti pH ya madzi odyetsera isinthidwe kufika pa 6.3 mpaka 6.5, ndipo kuchuluka kowonjezerako ndikoyenera kuti madzi odyetsera asatuluke mumtsuko. Njira yothetsera cerium ndi imodzi mwa njira yamadzi ya cerium chloride, cerium sulfate kapena cerium nitrate. Gulu la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko la UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. likugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu mwa kuwonjezera solid ammonium bicarbonate kapena aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution.
Cerium carbonate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza cerium oxide, cerium dioxide ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi nanomaterials. Ntchito ndi zitsanzo zake ndi izi:
1. Galasi la violet losawoneka bwino lomwe limayamwa kwambiri kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi mbali yachikasu ya kuwala kooneka. Kutengera kapangidwe ka galasi wamba la soda-lime-silica float, limaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi mu kulemera kwake: silica 72~82%, sodium oxide 6~15%, calcium oxide 4~13%, magnesium oxide 2~8%, Alumina 0~3%, iron oxide 0.05~0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1~3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4~1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5~3%. Galasi lokhuthala la 4mm lili ndi kuwala kooneka kopitilira 80%, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kochepera 15%, ndi kuwala kwa mafunde a 568-590 nm kochepera 15%.
2. Utoto wopulumutsa mphamvu wa endothermic, womwe umadziwika kuti umapangidwa posakaniza chodzaza ndi zinthu zopangira filimu, ndipo chodzazacho chimapangidwa posakaniza zinthu zotsatirazi m'zigawo ndi kulemera kwake: magawo 20 mpaka 35 a silicon dioxide, ndi magawo 8 mpaka 20 a aluminiyamu oxide. , magawo 4 mpaka 10 a titanium oxide, magawo 4 mpaka 10 a zirconia, gawo limodzi mpaka asanu la zinc oxide, gawo limodzi mpaka asanu la magnesium oxide, magawo 0.8 mpaka asanu a silicon carbide, magawo 0.02 mpaka 0.5 a yttrium oxide, ndi magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a chromium oxide. magawo, magawo 0.01-1.5 a kaolin, magawo 0.01-1.5 a zinthu za rare earth, magawo 0.8-5 a carbon black, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zilizonse ndi 1-5 μm; pomwe, zinthu zopezeka m'nthaka zosafunikira zimaphatikizapo magawo 0.01-1.5 a lanthanum carbonate, magawo 0.01-1.5 a cerium carbonate, magawo 1.5 a praseodymium carbonate, magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a praseodymium carbonate, magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a neodymium carbonate ndi magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a promethium nitrate; zinthu zopangira filimu ndi potassium sodium carbonate; potassium sodium carbonate imasakanizidwa ndi kulemera komweko kwa potassium carbonate ndi sodium carbonate. Chiŵerengero chosakaniza kulemera kwa filler ndi zinthu zopangira filimu ndi 2.5:7.5, 3.8:6.2 kapena 4.8:5.2. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yokonzekera utoto wopulumutsa mphamvu wa endothermic imadziwika ndi izi:
Gawo 1, kukonzekera kwa chodzaza, choyamba kulemera magawo 20-35 a silica, magawo 8-20 a alumina, magawo 4-10 a titanium oxide, magawo 4-10 a zirconia, ndi magawo 1-5 a zinc oxide polemera. , magawo 1 mpaka 5 a magnesium oxide, magawo 0.8 mpaka 5 a silicon carbide, magawo 0.02 mpaka 0.5 a yttrium oxide, magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a chromium trioxide, magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a kaolin, magawo 0.01 mpaka 1.5 a zinthu za rare earth, ndi magawo 0.8 mpaka 5 a carbon black, kenako kusakaniza mofanana mu chosakanizira kuti mupeze chodzaza; pomwe, zinthu zosoŵa zapadziko lapansi zimaphatikizapo magawo 0.01-1.5 a lanthanum carbonate, magawo 0.01-1.5 a cerium carbonate, magawo 0.01-1.5 a praseodymium carbonate, magawo 0.01-1.5 a neodymium carbonate ndi magawo 0.01-1.5 a promethium nitrate;
Gawo lachiwiri, kukonzekera zinthu zopangira filimu, zinthu zopangira filimu ndi sodium potassium carbonate; choyamba yesani potassium carbonate ndi sodium carbonate motsatana motsatira kulemera, kenako sakanizani mofanana kuti mupeze zinthu zopangira filimu; sodium potassium carbonate ndi yofanana. Kulemera komweko kwa potassium carbonate ndi sodium carbonate kumasakanizidwa;
Gawo 3, chiŵerengero chosakaniza cha zinthu zodzaza ndi filimu polemera ndi 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 kapena 4.8: 5.2, ndipo chisakanizocho chimasakanizidwa mofanana ndikufalikira kuti chisakanizocho chipezeke;
Mu gawo lachinayi, chisakanizocho chimaphwanyidwa kwa maola 6-8, kenako chinthu chomalizidwa chimapezeka podutsa pazenera, ndipo ukonde wa chophimbacho ndi 1-5 μm.
3. Kukonzekera ultrafine cerium oxide: Pogwiritsa ntchito hydrated cerium carbonate ngati choyambira, ultrafine cerium oxide yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosakwana 3 μm idakonzedwa ndi direct ball milling ndi calcination. Zopangidwa zomwe zapezeka zonse zili ndi kapangidwe ka cubic fluorite. Pamene kutentha kwa calcination kukukwera, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthuzo kumachepa, kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumachepa ndipo crystallinity imawonjezeka. Komabe, mphamvu yopukuta ya magalasi atatu osiyanasiyana inawonetsa mtengo wapamwamba pakati pa 900℃ ndi 1000℃. Chifukwa chake, akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zagalasi pamwamba pa ntchito yopukuta kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwa tinthu, crystallinity ndi ntchito ya pamwamba pa ufa wopukuta.