I-Cesium yinto yesinyithi enqabileyo nebalulekileyo, kwaye iTshayina ijongene nemingeni evela eKhanada naseMelika malunga namalungelo okumba umgodi we-cesium omkhulu kwihlabathi, iTanko Mine. I-Cesium idlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwiiwotshi zeathomu, iiseli zelanga, amayeza, ukumba ioyile, njl. Ikwayiminerali enobuchule kuba ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nee-missile.
Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cesium.
I-Cesiumyinto yesinyithi enqabileyo kakhulu, umxholo wendalo yi-3ppm kuphela, kwaye yenye yezinto ezinomxholo wesinyithi we-alkali ophantsi kakhulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba. I-Cesium ineempawu ezininzi ezizodwa zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezifana nokuqhuba kombane okuphezulu kakhulu, indawo yokunyibilika ephantsi kakhulu kunye nokufunxwa kokukhanya okunamandla, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwi-telecommunications, i-cesium isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintambo ze-fiber optic, ii-photodetectors, ii-laser kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuphucula isantya kunye nomgangatho wokudluliselwa kwesignali. I-Cesium ikwayinto ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano ye-5G kuba inokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuvumelanisa ixesha ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwicandelo lamandla, i-cesium ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iiseli zelanga, iijenereyitha ze-ferrofluid, iinjini ze-ion propulsion kunye nezinye izixhobo ezintsha zamandla ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. I-Cesium ikwayinto ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zeenqwelo-moya njengoko isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhamba ngesathelayithi, izixhobo zokujonga ebusuku kunye nonxibelelwano lwamafu e-ion.
Kwizonyango, i-cesium ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza afana neepilisi zokulala, amayeza okuthomalalisa, amayeza okulwa nesifo sokuwa, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu. I-Cesium ikwasetyenziswa kunyango lwemitha, njengonyango lomhlaza, njengomhlaza weprostate.
Kwishishini leekhemikhali, i-cesium ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-catalysts, ii-reagents zeekhemikhali, ii-electrolytes kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuphucula izinga kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweempendulo zeekhemikhali. I-Cesium ikwayinto ebalulekileyo ekubholeni ioyile kuba ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ulwelo lokubhola oluxineneyo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kolwelo lokubhola.
Ukusasazwa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-cesium zehlabathi. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-cesium kukuphuhliswa kweoyile kunye negesi yendalo. Iikhompawundi zayo ze-cesium zibumba kwayei-cesium carbonatezii-drilling fluids ezinoxinano olukhulu, ezinokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-drilling fluids kwaye zithintele ukudilika kodonga kunye nokuvuza kwegesi.
Iidiphozithi ze-cesium garnet ezifumaneka kwiindawo ezintathu kuphela emhlabeni: umgodi weTanco eCanada, umgodi weBikita eZimbabwe kunye nomgodi weSinclair eOstreliya. Phakathi kwazo, indawo yokwemba iTanco yeyona mgodi mkhulu we-cesium garnet ofunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ibandakanya i-80% yemithombo ye-cesium garnet egciniweyo kwihlabathi, kwaye umgangatho ophakathi we-cesium oxide yi-23.3%. Amanqanaba e-Cesium oxide aphakathi kwe-11.5% kunye ne-17% kwimigodi yaseBikita naseSinclair, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ezi ndawo zintathu zemigodi ziidiphozithi ze-lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) pegmatite eziqhelekileyo, zityebile kwi-cesium garnet, eyiyeyona nto iphambili yokukhupha i-cesium.
Izicwangciso zokuthengwa nokwandiswa kwemigodi yaseTanco eTshayina.
I-United States yeyona nkampani ithengisa kakhulu i-cesium kwihlabathi liphela, imalunga nama-40%, ilandelwa yiTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iTshayina ilawula ukwembiwa nokucocwa kwe-cesium, phantse zonke iimigodi ezintathu ezinkulu zidluliselwe eTshayina.
Ngaphambili, emva kokuba inkampani yaseTshayina ifumene umgodi weTanko kwinkampani yaseMelika yaza yaqalisa ukuvelisa ngo-2020, yabhalisela nesabelo se-5.72% kwi-PWM yaza yafumana ilungelo lokufumana zonke iimveliso ze-lithium, i-cesium kunye ne-tantalum zeprojekthi yeCase Lake. Nangona kunjalo, iKhanada kunyaka ophelileyo yafuna iinkampani ezintathu zaseTshayina ze-lithium ukuba zithengise okanye zirhoxise isabelo sazo kwiinkampani zaseKhanada zokumba i-lithium zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-90, ikhankanya izizathu zokhuseleko lwesizwe.
Ngaphambili, iOstreliya yayilahlile icebo lenkampani yaseTshayina lokufumana isabelo se-15% kwiLynas, umvelisi omkhulu womhlaba onqabileyo eOstreliya. Ukongeza ekuveliseni umhlaba onqabileyo, iOstreliya inelungelo lokuphuhlisa umgodi waseSinclair. Nangona kunjalo, i-cesium garnet eyaphuhliswa kwisigaba sokuqala somgodi waseSinclair yathengwa yinkampani yangaphandle iCabotSF eyathengwa yinkampani yaseTshayina.
Indawo yokumba imigodi yaseBikita yeyona ndawo inkulu ye-lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatite eAfrika kwaye inemithombo yesibini ngobukhulu ye-cesium garnet emhlabeni, enomgangatho ophakathi we-cesium oxide we-11.5%. Le nkampani yaseTshayina ithenge isabelo se-51% kulo mgodi kwinkampani yase-Australia nge-$165 yezigidi kwaye iceba ukwandisa amandla emveliso ye-lithium concentrate ukuya kwiitoni ezili-180,000 ngonyaka kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokhuphiswano lwaseKhanada nase-US kwiTanco Mine
IKhanada kunye neMelika zingamalungu e-"Five Eyes Alliance" kwaye zinobudlelwane obusondeleyo kwezopolitiko nakwezomkhosi. Ke ngoko, iMelika inokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ze-cesium kwihlabathi liphela okanye ingenelele ngokusebenzisa amaqabane ayo, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko kwiTshayina.
Urhulumente waseKhanada udwelise i-cesium njengeminerali ephambili kwaye uqalise uthotho lweendlela zomgaqo-nkqubo zokukhusela nokuphuhlisa amashishini asekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, ngo-2019, iKhanada ne-United States batyikitya isivumelwano esikhulu sentsebenziswano yezemigodi ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kothungelwano lokubonelela ngezimbiwa ezifana ne-cesium. Ngo-2020, iKhanada ne-Australia batyikitya isivumelwano esifanayo sokulwa kunye nempembelelo yeTshayina kwimarike yezimbiwa yehlabathi. IKhanada ikwaxhasa iinkampani zophuhliso kunye nokucubungula i-cesium ore zasekuhlaleni ezifana ne-PWM kunye neCabot ngotyalo-mali, izibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo zerhafu.
Njengomthengi omkhulu we-cesium kwihlabathi, i-United States ikwabona ukubaluleka okukhulu kwixabiso elicwangcisiweyo kunye nokhuseleko lokubonelela nge-cesium. Ngo-2018, i-United States yamisela i-cesium njengenye yezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ezingama-35, yaza yaqulunqa ingxelo ecwangcisiweyo ngezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo, icebisa uthotho lwamanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwe-cesium kunye nezinye izimbiwa okuzinzileyo ixesha elide.
Ulwakhiwo kunye nengxaki yezinye izixhobo ze-cesium eTshayina.
Ukongeza kwimigodi yaseVikita, iTshayina ikwakhangela amathuba okufumana izixhobo ze-cesium kwezinye iindawo. Umzekelo, ngo-2019, inkampani yaseTshayina yasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana nenkampani yasePeru ukuze iphuhlise ngokubambisana iprojekthi yechibi letyuwa emazantsi ePeru equlethe izinto ezifana ne-lithium, i-potassium, i-boron, i-magnesium, i-strontium, i-calcium, i-sodium, kunye ne-cesium oxide. Kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu yokuvelisa i-lithium eMzantsi Melika.
I-China ijongene nobunzima kunye nemingeni emininzi ekwabiweni kwezixhobo ze-cesium zehlabathi.
Okokuqala, izixhobo ze-cesium zehlabathi zinqabile kwaye zisasazekile, kwaye kunzima kwiTshayina ukufumana iidiphozithi ze-cesium ezinkulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, nezingabizi kakhulu. Okwesibini, ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lwezimbiwa eziphambili ezifana ne-cesium luya lusiba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye iTshayina inokujongana nokuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kunye nemiqobo evela kuphononongo lotyalo-mali lwaseKhanada, eOstreliya nakwamanye amazwe kunye nemingcele kwiinkampani zaseTshayina. Okwesithathu, itekhnoloji yokukhupha nokucubungula i-cesium iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibiza kakhulu. ITshayina Isabela Njani kwiMfazwe yeZimbiwa ezibalulekileyo?
Ukuze kukhuselwe ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nomdla wezoqoqosho kwiindawo eziphambili zezimbiwa zaseTshayina, urhulumente waseTshayina uceba ukuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo okulwa:
Qinisa uphando nophuhliso lwezixhobo ze-cesium ehlabathini, fumanisa iidiphozithi ezintsha ze-cesium, kwaye uphucule ukuzimela kunye nokwahlukahluka kwezixhobo ze-cesium.
Yomeleza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-cesium, phucula ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwe-cesium kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwayo, kwaye unciphise inkunkuma ye-cesium kunye nongcoliseko.
Ukuqinisa uphando lwesayensi lwe-cesium kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ukuphuhlisa izixhobo okanye ubuchwepheshe obunye be-cesium, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka nokusetyenziswa kwe-cesium.
Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye notshintshiselwano nge-cesium, ukuseka indlela yorhwebo kunye notyalo-mali lwe-cesium oluzinzileyo nolufanelekileyo namazwe afanelekileyo, kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano olusempilweni lwemarike ye-cesium yehlabathi.