Cesium chinhu chesimbi chisingawanzoonekwi uye chakakosha, uye China inotarisana nematambudziko kubva kuCanada neUnited States maererano nekodzero dzemigodhi yemugodhi wecesium mukuru pasi rose, Tanko Mine. Cesium ine basa risingatsiviwi mumawachi eatomu, masero ezuva, mishonga, kuchera mafuta, nezvimwewo. Iminerali yakakoshawo nekuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya nezvombo zvinokandwa.
Hunhu uye mashandisirwo ecesium.
Cesiumchinhu chesimbi chisingawanzoonekwi, chirimo chiri muchimiro che3ppm chete, uye ndechimwe chezvinhu zvine simbi ine alkali shoma muganda repasi. Cesium ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvemuviri nezvemakemikari zvakaita semagetsi akawandisa, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakaderera uye kunyunguduka kwakasimba kwechiedza, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Mukutaurirana, cesium inoshandiswa kugadzira tambo dze fiber optic, ma photodetector, ma lasers nezvimwe zvishandiso kuti zvivandudze kumhanya uye kunaka kwekutumira masaini. Cesium chinhu chakakoshawo kune tekinoroji yekutaurirana ye5G nekuti inogona kupa masevhisi ekubatanidza nguva nemazvo.
Munyaya yesimba, cesium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira masero ezuva, majenareta eferrofluid, mainjini e-ion propulsion nezvimwe zvishandiso zvitsva zvesimba kuti simba rishandiswe zvakanaka uye rishande zvakanaka. Cesium chinhu chakakoshawo mukushandiswa kwemhepo mundege sezvo ichishandiswa muhurongwa hwekufamba nesatellite, zvishandiso zvemifananidzo yehusiku uye kutaurirana kwe-ion cloud.
Mukurapa, cesium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mishonga yakaita semapiritsi ekurara, mishonga yekunyaradza, mishonga yekudzivirira pfari, uye kuvandudza mashandiro etsinga dzemuviri dzevanhu. Cesium inoshandiswawo mukurapa nemwaranzi, senge kurapa kenza, senge kenza yeprostate.
Muindasitiri yemakemikari, cesium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvinokatyamadza, zvinogadzirisa makemikari, maelectrolyte nezvimwe zvigadzirwa kuti zvivandudze mwero uye kushanda kwemakemikari. Cesium chinhu chakakoshawo mukuchera mafuta nekuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mvura yekuchera yakawanda uye inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura yekuchera.
Kugoverwa nekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zve cesium pasi rose. Parizvino, kushandiswa kukuru kwe cesium kuri mukugadzirwa kwemafuta negasi rechisikigo. Makemikari ayo cesium formate uyecesium kabhonetizvinwiwa zvekuboorera zvine huwandu hwakawanda, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvinwiwa zvekuboorera uye kudzivirira kuputsika kwemadziro etsime uye kubuda kwegasi.
Madhipoziti e cesium garnet anocherwa anowanikwa munzvimbo nhatu chete pasi rose: mugodhi weTanco muCanada, mugodhi weBikita muZimbabwe nemugodhi weSinclair muAustralia. Pakati pawo, nzvimbo yekuchera yeTanco ndiyo mugodhi mukuru we cesium garnet wakawanikwa kusvika pari zvino, uchitora 80% ye cesium garnet reserve reserve yepasi rose, uye avhareji ye cesium oxide grade i23.3%. Madhipoziti e cesium oxide aive neavhareji ye11.5% uye 17% mumigodhi yeBikita neSinclair, zvichiteerana. Nzvimbo nhatu idzi dzekuchera idzo dzakajairika dze lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) pegmatite deposits, dzakapfuma mu cesium garnet, inova ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekugadzira cesium.
Zvirongwa zvekutenga nekuwedzera migodhi yeTanco muChina.
United States ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa cesium pasi rose, ichitora chikamu chinosvika 40%, ichiteverwa neChina. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti China ndiyo yega iri kushandisa cesium mukuchera nekunatsa, migodhi mikuru mitatu yese yakaendeswa kuChina.
Kare, mushure mekunge kambani yekuChina yatenga mugodhi weTanko kubva kukambani yekuAmerica ndokutangazve kugadzira muna 2020, yakanyoresawo kuti iwane 5.72% yemugove muPWM uye yakawana kodzero yekutenga zvigadzirwa zvese zve lithium, cesium uye tantalum zvepurojekiti yeCase Lake. Zvisinei, Canada gore rapera yakada kuti makambani matatu eChina e lithium atengese kana kubvisa mugove wavo mumakambani ekuCanada ekuchera lithium mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, ichipa zvikonzero zvekuchengetedza nyika.
Kare, Australia yakaramba hurongwa hwekambani yekuChina hwekutenga 15% yemugove muLynas, iyo inogadzira rare earth yakawanda muAustralia. Kuwedzera pakugadzira rare earths, Australia inewo kodzero yekuvandudza mugodhi weSinclair. Zvisinei, cesium garnet yakagadzirwa muchikamu chekutanga chemugodhi weSinclair yakatorwa nekambani yekune dzimwe nyika CabotSF yakatengwa nekambani yekuChina.
Nzvimbo yekuchera migodhi yeBikita ndiyo nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo muAfrica ine lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatite deposit uye ine nzvimbo yechipiri pakukura ye cesium garnet resource reserves pasi rose, ine avhareji ye cesium oxide grade ye11.5%. Kambani yekuChina yakatenga 51 muzana yemigodhi kubva kukambani yekuAustralia nemadhora mamiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu emadhora uye inoronga kuwedzera kugona kwekugadzira lithium concentrate kusvika matani zviuru zana nemakumi masere pagore mumakore anotevera.
Kupinda muCanada neUS uye makwikwi muTanco Mine
Canada neUnited States inhengo dze "Five Eyes Alliance" uye dzine hukama hwepedyo hwezvematongerwo enyika nehondo. Nokudaro, United States inogona kudzora kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zve cesium pasi rose kana kupindira kuburikidza neshamwari dzayo, zvichikonzera njodzi kuChina.
Hurumende yeCanada yakanyora cesium sechicherwa chakakosha uye yakaunza matanho akatevedzana ekuchengetedza nekusimudzira maindasitiri emuno. Semuenzaniso, muna 2019, Canada neUnited States dzakasaina chibvumirano chikuru chekushandira pamwe mumigodhi kukurudzira kushandira pamwe pakati penyika mbiri idzi pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwecheni yekugovera zvicherwa zvakaita secesium. Muna 2020, Canada neAustralia dzakasaina chibvumirano chakafanana chekudzivirira pamwe chete pesvedzero yeChina mumusika wepasi rose wezvicherwa. Canada inotsigirawo makambani emuno ekuvandudza nekugadzira cesium ore akadai sePWM neCabot kuburikidza nekudyara mari, mari yerubatsiro uye zvinokurudzira mitero.
Semutengi mukuru we cesium pasi rose, United States inokoshesawo kukosha kwe cesium uye kuchengetedzwa kwekupa kwayo. Muna 2018, United States yakagadza cesium seimwe yezvicherwa makumi matatu nezvishanu zvakakosha, uye yakaunganidza mushumo wehurongwa hwezvicherwa zvakakosha, ichipa matanho akatevedzana ekuona kuti cesium nezvimwe zvicherwa zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Marongerwo uye dambudziko rezvimwe zviwanikwa zve cesium muChina.
Pamusoro pemugodhi weVikita, China iri kutsvagawo mikana yekuwana zviwanikwa zvecesium mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, muna 2019, kambani yekuChina yakasaina chibvumirano chekushandira pamwe nekambani yePeru kuti vagadzire pamwe chete chirongwa chemunyu muPeru kumaodzanyemba kwePeru chine zvinhu zvakaita se lithium, potassium, boron, magnesium, strontium, calcium, sodium, uye cesium oxide. Inotarisirwa kuve nzvimbo yechipiri pakukura yekugadzira lithium muSouth America.
China iri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda mukupa zviwanikwa zve cesium pasi rose.
Chekutanga, zviwanikwa zve cesium pasi rose zvishoma uye zvakapararira, uye zvakaoma kuti China iwane cesium yakawanda, yepamusoro-soro, uye inodhura zvishoma. Chechipiri, makwikwi epasi rose ezvicherwa zvakakosha zvakaita se cesium ari kuramba achiwedzera, uye China inogona kusangana nekupindira kwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi uye zvipingamupinyi kubva kuCanada, Australia nedzimwe nyika nekuongorora kwekudyara uye zvirambidzo kumakambani ekuChina. Chechitatu, tekinoroji yekubvisa nekugadzira cesium yakaoma uye inodhura. China Iri Kupindura Sei Hondo Yezvicherwa Zvakakosha?
Kuti hurumende yeChina ichengetedze kuchengetedzeka kwenyika uye zvido zvehupfumi zveminda mikuru yezvicherwa muChina, iri kuronga kutora matanho anotevera ekudzivirira:
Simbisai kutsvaga nekuvandudza zviwanikwa zve cesium pasi rose, tsvagai depositi itsva dze cesium, uye vandudzai kuzviriritira uye kusiyanisa zviwanikwa zve cesium.
Simbisai kudzokorodza cesium, vandudzai kushandiswa kwe cesium zvakanaka uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kwayo, uye kuderedza marara e cesium nekusvibiswa kwayo.
Simbisai tsvakiridzo yesainzi yecesium nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, gadzirai zvimwe zvinhu kana matekinoroji e cesium, uye deredzai kuvimba nekushandiswa kwe cesium.
Simbisai kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese uye kutaurirana pa cesium, gadzirai nzira yakagadzikana uye yakaringana yekutengeserana kwe cesium uye yekudyara mari nenyika dzakakodzera, uye chengetedza kurongeka kwakanaka kwemusika we cesium wepasi rose.