He huānga konganuku onge, he mea nui hoki te hēsiuma, ā, kei te tūtaki a Haina ki ngā wero mai i Kanata me te Hononga o Amerika e pā ana ki ngā mana keri ki te maina hēsiuma nui rawa atu o te ao, te Tanko Mine. He mahi nui tā te hēsiuma i roto i ngā karaka atomika, ngā pūtau rā, te rongoā, te keri hinu, me ētahi atu. He kohuke rautaki anō hoki nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga patu karihi me ngā pere.
Ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga o te ceium.
HēhiumaHe huānga konganuku tino onge te Cesium, ko te ihirangi i roto i te taiao he 3ppm noa iho, ā, ko tētahi o ngā huānga he iti rawa te ihirangi konganuku kawakore i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua. He maha ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū ahurei o te Cesium pērā i te kawe hiko tino teitei, te ira rewa tino iti me te kaha mimiti mārama, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara maha.
I roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka whakamahia te hiium hei hanga taura muka whatu, taputapu whakaahua, taiaho me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakapai ake i te tere me te kounga o te tuku tohu. He rauemi matua anō hoki te hiium mō te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakarato ratonga tukutahi wā tino tika.
I roto i te ao pūngao, ka taea te whakamahi i te hiium hei hanga i ngā pūtau rā, i ngā kaihanga wai ferrofluid, i ngā miihini whakatere ion me ētahi atu taputapu pūngao hou hei whakapai ake i te huringa pūngao me te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga. He rauemi nui anō hoki te hiium i roto i ngā tono rererangi nā te mea e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakatere amiorangi, ngā taputapu whakaahua tirohanga pō me ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kapua ion.
I roto i te rongoā, ka taea te whakamahi i te hiium hei hanga rongoā pēnei i ngā pire moe, ngā rongoā whakangāwari, ngā rongoā ārai mate haurangi, me te whakapai ake i te mahi a te pūnaha io o te tangata. Ka whakamahia hoki te hiium i roto i te rongoā irahiko, pēnei i te rongoā mate pukupuku, pēnei i te mate pukupuku repeure.
I roto i te umanga matū, ka taea te whakamahi i te hiium hei hanga i ngā whakakorikori, i ngā matū matū, i ngā irahiko me ētahi atu hua hei whakapai ake i te tere me te whai huatanga o ngā tauhohenga matū. He rauemi nui anō hoki te hiium i roto i te keri hinu nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā wai keri kiato teitei, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakapai ake i te pumau me te whai huatanga o ngā wai keri.
Te tohatoha me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi cesium o te ao. I tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga nui rawa atu o te cesium kei roto i te whanaketanga o te hinu me te hau māori. Ko ōna pūhui cesium formate mete hauota o te hēsiumahe wai keri kiato nui, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pumau me te whai huatanga o ngā wai keri me te ārai i te hinganga o te pakitara o te poka me te turuturu hau.
E toru noa ngā wāhi o te ao e kitea ai ngā putunga karāneti cesium e taea te keri: te maina Tanco i Kanata, te maina Bikita i Zimbabwe me te maina Sinclair i Ahitereiria. I roto i ēnei, ko te rohe keri Tanco te maina karāneti cesium nui rawa atu kua kitea tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, e 80% o ngā rahui rauemi karāneti cesium o te ao, ā, ko te toharite o te taumata o te waikura cesium he 23.3%. Ko te toharite o ngā taumata waikura cesium he 11.5% me te 17% i ngā maina Bikita me Sinclair. Ko ēnei wāhi keri e toru he putunga pegmatite lithium cesium tantalum (LCT), he nui te karāneti cesium, koinei te rauemi mata matua mō te tango i te cesium.
Ngā mahere hoko me te whakawhānui i ngā maina Tanco i Haina.
Ko te Hononga o Amerika te kaihoko nui rawa atu o te cesium i te ao, tata ki te 40%, ā, ko Haina te kaiwhai. Heoi, nā te mana motuhake o Haina ki te keri me te whakamahine cesium, kua nekehia te nuinga o ngā maina nui e toru ki Haina.
I mua, whai muri i te hokonga mai o te kamupene Hainamana i te maina Tanko mai i tētahi kamupene o Amerika, ā, i tīmata anō tana mahi whakaputa i te tau 2020, i ohauru anō hoki rātou mō te 5.72% o ngā hea i roto i te PWM, ā, i whiwhi hoki i te mana ki te hoko i ngā hua lithium, cesium me te tantalum katoa o te kaupapa Case Lake. Heoi, i te tau kua hipa, i hiahiatia e Kanata kia toru ngā kamupene lithium Hainamana kia hoko, kia tango rānei i ā rātou hea i roto i ngā kamupene keri lithium o Kanata i roto i ngā rā 90, e kī ana he take haumarutanga ā-motu.
I mua, i whakakahoretia e Ahitereiria te mahere a tētahi kamupene Hainamana ki te hoko i te 15% o ngā hea i roto i a Lynas, te kaihanga whenua onge nui rawa atu o Ahitereiria. Haunga te whakaputa whenua onge, kei a Ahitereiria anō te mana ki te whakawhanake i te maina Sinclair. Heoi, ko te cesium garnet i whakawhanakehia i te wāhanga tuatahi o te maina Sinclair i hokona e tētahi kamupene ke CabotSF i hokona e tētahi kamupene Haina.
Ko te rohe keri o Bikita te putunga pegmatite lithium-cesium-tantalum nui rawa atu i Āwherika, ā, kei a ia te tuarua o ngā rahui rauemi cesium garnet nui rawa atu o te ao, me te toharite o te taumata cesium oxide o te 11.5%. I hokona e te kamupene Haina he 51 ōrau o te hea i roto i te maina mai i tētahi kamupene Ahitereiria mō te $165 miriona, ā, kei te whakamahere ki te whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa lithium concentrate ki te 180,000 tāne ia tau i ngā tau e haere ake nei.
Te whai wāhi me te whakataetae o Kanata me Amerika ki te maina Tanco
He mema a Kānata me te Hononga o Amerika nō te "Five Eyes Alliance" ā, he hononga tata ki te ao tōrangapū me te hōia. Nō reira, ka taea e te Hononga o Amerika te whakahaere i te tuku rauemi cesium o te ao, te wawao rānei mā roto i ōna hoa whenua, ka waiho hei tūmomo mōrearea rautaki ki a Haina.
Kua whakarārangihia e te kāwanatanga o Kanata te cesium hei kohuke matua, ā, kua whakaurua he raupapa kaupapa here hei tiaki me te whakawhanake i ngā ahumahi ā-rohe. Hei tauira, i te tau 2019, i hainatia e Kanata me te Hononga o Amerika tētahi whakaaetanga mahi tahi nui mō te keri hei whakatairanga i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā whenua e rua mō te haumaru me te pono o te mekameka tuku o ngā kohuke pēnei i te cesium. I te tau 2020, i hainatia e Kanata me Ahitereiria tētahi whakaaetanga rite hei ārai tahi i te awe o Haina i te mākete kohuke o te ao. Ka tautoko hoki a Kanata i ngā kamupene whakawhanake me te tukatuka o ngā kohuke cesium ā-rohe pēnei i a PWM me Cabot mā roto i ngā haumitanga, ngā takoha me ngā whakatenatena tāke.
Hei te kaihoko nui rawa atu o te ao i te cesium, he mea nui anō hoki ki te Hononga o Amerika te uara rautaki me te haumarutanga o te tuku o te cesium. I te tau 2018, i tohua e te Hononga o Amerika te cesium hei tētahi o ngā kohuke matua e 35, ā, i hangaia he pūrongo rautaki mō ngā kohuke matua, me te whakaaro i ētahi mahi hei whakarite i te pumau o te tuku o te cesium me ētahi atu kohuke mō te wā roa.
Te whakatakotoranga me te raruraru o ētahi atu rauemi cesium i Haina.
Haunga te maina o Vikita, kei te rapu hoki a Haina i ngā huarahi ki te hoko rauemi cesium i ētahi atu rohe. Hei tauira, i te tau 2019, i hainatia e tētahi kamupene Hainamana tētahi whakaaetanga mahi tahi me tētahi kamupene Peruvian ki te whakawhanake tahi i tētahi kaupapa roto tote i te tonga o Peru kei roto ngā huānga pēnei i te lithium, te pāhare pākawa, te boron, te konupora, te strontium, te konupūmā, te konutai, me te cesium oxide. E matapaetia ana koinei te tuarua o ngā wāhi whakaputa lithium nui rawa atu i Amerika ki te Tonga.
He maha ngā uauatanga me ngā wero e pā ana ki a Haina i roto i te tohatoha o ngā rauemi cesium o te ao.
Tuatahi, he tino iti, he marara hoki ngā rauemi cesium o te ao, ā, he uaua ki a Haina te kimi i ngā putunga cesium nui, kounga teitei, me te utu iti. Tuarua, kei te kaha haere te whakataetae o te ao mō ngā kohuke matua pēnei i te cesium, ā, tera pea ka tūtaki a Haina ki te pokanoa tōrangapū me te ōhanga me ngā arai mai i ngā arotake haumi me ngā here a Kanata, Ahitereiria me ētahi atu whenua ki ngā kamupene Hainamana. Tuatoru, he tino uaua, he utu nui hoki te hangarau tango me te tukatuka i te cesium. Kei te pēhea te urupare a Haina ki te Pakanga Kohuke Tino Hira?
Hei tiaki i te haumarutanga ā-motu me ngā painga ōhanga o ngā mara kohuke matua o Haina, kei te whakamahere te kāwanatanga o Haina ki te mahi i ēnei mahi ārai kaha:
Whakakaha ake i te tūhuratanga me te whakawhanaketanga o ngā rauemi hisiuma o te ao, te kimi i ngā putunga hisiuma hou, me te whakapai ake i te oranga whaiaro me te kanorau o ngā rauemi hisiuma.
Whakakaha ake i te hangarua o te cesium, whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga me te tere o te tohatoha o te cesium, me te whakaiti i ngā para me te parahanga o te cesium.
Whakakaha ake i te rangahau me te auahatanga pūtaiao o te cesium, whakawhanake i ngā rauemi, i ngā hangarau rānei hei whakakapi i te cesium, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki me te whakamahinga o te cesium.
Whakakaha ake i te mahi tahi me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga ā-ao mō te hisiuma, whakatūria he tikanga hokohoko me te haumi hisiuma pumau, tika hoki me ngā whenua e tika ana, me te pupuri i te tikanga hauora o te mākete hisiuma o te ao.