Hondo yekutengeserana pakati peUS neChina yakakonzera kushushikana pamusoro pekuti China iri kushandisa kutengeserana kwesimbi dzisina kugadzirwa.
Nezvedu
• Kusawirirana kuri kuramba kuchikura pakati peUnited States neChina kwakonzera kushushikana kuti Beijing inogona kushandisa chinzvimbo chayo chikuru semupi wezvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi kuti ibatsire muhondo yekutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri dzepasi rose dzezvehupfumi.
• Simbi dzisingawanzoonekwi iboka rezvinhu gumi nenomwe - lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium - zvinoonekwa muvhu zvishoma.
• Hazviwanzoitiki nekuti zvakaoma uye zvinodhura kuchera nekugadzira zvinhu zvakachena.
• Ivhu risingawanzoonekwi rinocherwa muChina, India, South Africa, Canada, Australia, Estonia, Malaysia neBrazil.
Kukosha kweSimbi Dzisina Kuwanikwa Dzepasi
• Ane hunhu hwakasiyana hwemagetsi, simbi, catalytic, nuclear, magnetic uye luminescent.
• Dzinokosha zvikuru muhurongwa nekuda kwekushandisa kwadzo matekinoroji matsva uye akasiyana-siyana anoenderana nezvinodiwa nenzanga iripo.
• Tekinoroji dzemangwana, semuenzaniso, kufambisa simba zvakanyanya pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuchengetwa kwakachengeteka uye kutakurwa kwehydrogen zvinoda simbi idzi dzisingawanzoonekwi.
• Kudiwa kweREM pasi rose kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwavo munzvimbo dzetekinoroji yepamusoro, nharaunda, uye hupfumi.
• Nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwemagineti, chiedza, uye makemikari, vanobatsira muhunyanzvi hwekuita nekuderedza huremu, kuderedzwa kwekubuda kwemhepo, uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
• Zvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi zvepanyika zvinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevatengi, kubva kuma iPhone kusvika kuma satellite nema lasers.
• Dzinoshandiswawo mumabhatiri anochajwazve, zviumbwa zvesimbi zvemhando yepamusoro, makomputa, maDVD player, mawind turbine, macatalyst mumota nemunzvimbo dzinochenesa mafuta, mamonitor, materevhizheni, mwenje, fiber optics, masuperconductors uye magirazi ekupukuta.
• Mota dzemagetsi: Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakaita se neodymium ne dysprosium, zvakakosha kumamota anoshandiswa mumota dzemagetsi.
• Midziyo yemauto: Zvimwe zvicherwa zvepasi zvisingawanzoonekwi zvakakosha mumidziyo yemauto yakaita semainjini ejeti, masisitimu ekutungamira zvombo, masisitimu ekudzivirira zvombo, masateraiti, pamwe chete nemalaser. Semuenzaniso, lanthanum inodiwa kugadzira michina yekuona husiku.
• China ine 37% yenzvimbo dzakachengetwa pasi rose dzezvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi. Muna 2017, China yakaita 81% yenzvimbo dzakagadzirwa pasi rose dzisingawanzoonekwi.
• China ndiyo ine simba guru rekugadzirisa pasi rose uye inopa 80% yevhu risingawanzoonekwi rakaunzwa neUnited States kubva muna 2014 kusvika 2017.
• Mugodhi weMountain Pass wekuCalifornia ndiwo wega muUS unoshanda uchigadzira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa. Asi unotumira chikamu chikuru chechinhu ichi kuChina kuti chigadziriswe.
• China yakaisa mutero we25% pazvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika panguva yehondo yekutengeserana.
• China, Australia, US neIndia ndidzo nzvimbo dzinokosha pasi rose dzezvinhu zvisingawanzoonekwi zvepanyika.
• Sekufungidzirwa, matura evhu risingawanzoonekwi muIndia anosvika matani mamiriyoni gumi nemazana maviri nerimwe (10.21 million tonnes).
• Monazite, ine thorium neUranium, ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekupa ivhu risingawanikwe muIndia. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu izvi zvine mwaranzi, kuchera jecha remonazite kunoitwa nehurumende.
• India yagara ichitengesa zvinhu zverare earth pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zverare earth compound. Hatina kukwanisa kugadzira mayuniti ekugadzirisa zvinhu zverare earth.
• Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina mutengo wakaderera neChina ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuderera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa muIndia.