Nkhondo yamalonda pakati pa US ndi China yadzetsa nkhawa chifukwa China ikugwiritsa ntchito malonda a zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.
Zokhudza
• Mikangano yomwe ikukwera pakati pa United States ndi China yayambitsa nkhawa kuti Beijing ingagwiritse ntchito udindo wake waukulu monga wogulitsa zinthu zachilendo kuti ithandize pankhondo yamalonda pakati pa mayiko awiriwa azachuma padziko lonse lapansi.
• Zitsulo zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri ndi gulu la zinthu 17 - lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium - zomwe zimawoneka pang'ono pansi.
• N’zosowa chifukwa zimakhala zovuta komanso zodula kuzikumba ndi kuzikonza bwino.
• Matanthwe osowa amakumbidwa ku China, India, South Africa, Canada, Australia, Estonia, Malaysia ndi Brazil.
Kufunika kwa Zitsulo Zosowa za Dziko Lapansi
• Ali ndi mphamvu zapadera zamagetsi, zitsulo, zoyambitsa, nyukiliya, zamaginito ndi zowala.
• Ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa nkhani zaukadaulo chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano komanso wosiyanasiyana womwe umakwaniritsa zosowa za anthu masiku ano.
• Zipangizo zamakono zamtsogolo, mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwambiri, kusungidwa bwino komanso kunyamula haidrojeni zimafunikira zitsulo zapadziko lapansi zosowa.
• Kufunika kwa ma REM padziko lonse lapansi kukuwonjezeka kwambiri mogwirizana ndi kukula kwawo m'magawo apamwamba aukadaulo, chilengedwe, komanso zachuma.
• Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapadera zamaginito, kuwala, ndi zamagetsi, zimathandiza muukadaulo kugwira ntchito ndi kulemera kochepa, mpweya wochepa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
• Zinthu za rare earth zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu, kuyambira ma iPhone mpaka ma satellite ndi ma laser.
• Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mabatire otha kubwezeretsedwanso, ziwiya zapamwamba zadothi, makompyuta, ma DVD player, ma wind turbines, ma catalyst m'magalimoto ndi m'malo oyeretsera mafuta, ma monitor, ma TV, magetsi, ma fiber optics, ma superconductors ndi kupukuta magalasi.
• Magalimoto Oyendera Magalimoto: Zinthu zingapo zapadziko lapansi zosowa, monga neodymium ndi dysprosium, ndizofunikira kwambiri pa injini zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amagetsi.
• Zida zankhondo: Miyala ina yosowa kwambiri ndi yofunika kwambiri pa zida zankhondo monga injini za ndege, njira zowongolera ma missile, njira zodzitetezera ku zipolopolo, ma satellite, komanso ma laser. Mwachitsanzo, lanthanum imafunika popanga zida zowonera usiku.
• China ili ndi 37% ya malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe zosowa padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2017, China inali ndi 81% ya zinthu zachilengedwe zosowa padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zinapangidwa.
• China ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zokonzera zinthu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imapereka 80% ya nthaka yosowa yomwe idatumizidwa ndi United States kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2017.
• Mgodi wa Mountain Pass ku California ndiye malo okhawo ogwirira ntchito ku US osungira zinthu za rare earth. Koma umatumiza gawo lalikulu la chotsitsacho ku China kuti chikonzedwe.
• China yakhazikitsa msonkho wa 25% pa zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa kunja panthawi ya nkhondo yamalonda.
• China, Australia, US ndi India ndi magwero ofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a zinthu zachilengedwe zosowa zapadziko lapansi.
• Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, malo onse osungiramo nthaka yosowa ku India ndi matani 10.21 miliyoni.
• Monazite, yomwe ili ndi thorium ndi Uranium, ndiye gwero lalikulu la nthaka yosowa ku India. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zinthu zowononga izi, migodi ya mchenga wa monazite imachitika ndi bungwe la boma.
• Dziko la India lakhala likugulitsa zinthu zopezeka mosavuta komanso zinthu zina zopezeka mosavuta. Sitinathe kupanga zida zopangira zinthu zopezeka mosavuta.
• Kupanga zinthu zotsika mtengo ku China ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa kupanga zinthu zosoŵa ku India.