I-Boron carbide iyikristalu emnyama enokukhanya kwensimbi, eyaziwa nangokuthi idayimane elimnyama, elingokwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezingaphili. Njengamanje, wonke umuntu ujwayelene nezinto ze-boron carbide, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezingangenisi izinhlamvu, ngoba inobuningi obuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinto zobumba, inezinzuzo ze-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka kanye nobunzima obuphezulu, futhi ingafinyelela ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwe-micro-fracture ukumunca ama-projectiles. Umphumela wamandla, ngenkathi igcina umthwalo uphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa empeleni, i-boron carbide inezinye izakhiwo eziningi eziyingqayizivele, ezingenza idlale indima ebalulekile kuma-abrasives, izinto eziphikisayo, imboni yenuzi, izindiza kanye neminye imikhakha.
Izakhiwo zei-boron carbide
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zomzimba, ubulukhuni be-boron carbide butholakala kuphela ngedayimane ne-cubic boron nitride, futhi isengagcina amandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, angasetshenziswa njengento efanelekile yokumelana nokuguguleka okushisa okuphezulu; ubuningi be-boron carbide buncane kakhulu (ubuningi bethiyori bungu-2.52 g/ cm3 kuphela), bulula kunezinto ezivamile ze-ceramic, futhi bungasetshenziswa ensimini yezindiza; i-boron carbide inekhono eliqinile lokumunca i-neutron, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-2450 ° C, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yenuzi. Amandla okumunca i-neutron e-neutron angathuthukiswa ngokungeza izakhi ze-B; izinto ze-boron carbide ezinesimo esithile kanye nesakhiwo nazo zinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ze-photoelectric; ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka, i-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kanye nokuhle. Lezi zinzuzo zenza kube yinto engasetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-metallurgy, imboni yamakhemikhali, imishini, i-aerospace kanye nemboni yezempi. Isibonelo, izingxenye ezingagqwali futhi ezingagugi, okwenza izikhali ezingangeni zinhlamvu, izinduku zokulawula i-reactor kanye nezinto ze-thermoelectric, njll.
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, i-boron carbide ayisabelani nama-acid, ama-alkali kanye namakhemikhali amaningi angaphili kahle ekamelweni, futhi ayisabelani kakhulu nomoya-mpilo namagesi e-halogen ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zizinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide powder ivuselelwa yi-halogen njenge-ejenti yokubhoboza insimbi, futhi i-boron ifakwa ebusweni bensimbi ukuze yakhe ifilimu ye-iron boride, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwezinto, futhi izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zinhle kakhulu.
Sonke siyazi ukuthi uhlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo lunquma ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho i-boron carbide powder isebenza kahle kakhulu?Onjiniyela besikhungo se-R&D sase-Ubuchwepheshe be-UrbanMines.I-Co., Ltd. yenze isifinyezo esilandelayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwei-boron carbide
1. I-boron carbide isetshenziswa njenge-abrasive yokupholisha
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-boron carbide njengesithako sokuguguleka kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugaya nokupholisha i-sapphire. Phakathi kwezinto eziqinile kakhulu, ubulukhuni be-boron carbide bungcono kunobe-aluminium oxide ne-silicon carbide, okwesibili kuphela ngemuva kwe-diamond ne-cubic boron nitride. I-Sapphire iyinto efanelekile kakhulu ye-substrate ye-semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), amasekethe amakhulu ahlanganisiwe i-SOI ne-SOS, kanye namafilimu e-nanostructure aqhuba i-superconducting. Ububushelelezi bendawo buphezulu kakhulu futhi kumele bube bushelelezi kakhulu. Akukho monakalo ongakanani. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu kanye nobunzima obukhulu be-sapphire crystal (ubulukhuni be-Mohs 9), ilethe ubunzima obukhulu emabhizinisini okucubungula.
Ngokombono wezinto zokwakha nokugaya, izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokucubungula nokugaya amakristalu e-sapphire yidayimani yokwenziwa, i-boron carbide, i-silicon carbide, ne-silicon dioxide. Ubulukhuni bedayimani yokwenziwa buphezulu kakhulu (ubulukhuni be-Mohs 10) lapho kugaywa i-sapphire wafer, buzoklwebha ubuso, buthinte ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-wafer, futhi intengo iyabiza; ngemva kokusika i-silicon carbide, ubulukhuni be-RA buvame ukuba phezulu futhi ubushelelezi buyabuthaka; Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni be-silica abwanele (ubulukhuni be-Mohs 7), futhi amandla okugaya aphansi, okudla isikhathi futhi kudinga umsebenzi omningi enkambisweni yokugaya. Ngakho-ke, i-boron carbide abrasive (ubulukhuni be-Mohs 9.3) isibe yinto efanelekile kakhulu yokucubungula nokugaya amakristalu e-sapphire, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekugayweni kwama-sapphire wafers anezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nokunciphisa nokuhlanza umhlane kwama-wafers epitaxial e-LED asekelwe kwi-sapphire.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi uma i-boron carbide ingaphezu kuka-600 ° C, ubuso buzofakwa i-oxidized ibe yifilimu ye-B2O3, ezoyithambisa ngezinga elithile, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukugaya okomile ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okunolaka, ifanele kuphela ukupholisha ukugaya okumanzi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici sivimbela i-B4C ukuthi iqhubeke nokugqwala, okwenza ibe nezinzuzo ezihlukile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto eziphikisayo.
2. Ukusetshenziswa ezintweni eziphikisayo
I-boron carbide inezici zokulwa ne-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezibunjiwe nezingenasimo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ye-metallurgy, njengezitofu zensimbi kanye nefenisha ye-oven.
Ngenxa yezidingo zokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa embonini yensimbi nensimbi kanye nokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi kanye nensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi kakhulu, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitini ze-magnesia-carbon ezinekhabhoni ephansi (ngokuvamile <8% okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni) okunokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kuye kwadonsela ukunaka okwengeziwe ezimbonini zasekhaya nezakwamanye amazwe. Njengamanje, ukusebenza kwezitini ze-magnesia-carbon ezinekhabhoni ephansi ngokuvamile kuthuthukiswa ngokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sekhabhoni esihlanganisiwe, kuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-matrix sezitini ze-magnesia-carbon, kanye nokwengeza ama-antioxidants asebenza kahle kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, kusetshenziswa i-graphitized carbon eyenziwe nge-boron carbide yezinga lezimboni kanye ne-graphitized carbon black ngokwengxenye. I-black composite powder, esetshenziswa njengomthombo wekhabhoni kanye ne-antioxidant yezitini ze-magnesia-carbon ezinekhabhoni ephansi, ithole imiphumela emihle.
Njengoba i-boron carbide izothamba ngezinga elithile ekushiseni okuphezulu, inganamatheliswa ebusweni bezinye izinhlayiya zezinto. Ngisho noma umkhiqizo unciphile, ifilimu ye-B2O3 oxide ebusweni ingakha isivikelo esithile futhi idlale indima yokulwa ne-oxidation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba amakristalu ekholomu akhiqizwa yi-reaction asatshalaliswa ku-matrix kanye nezikhala zezinto eziphikisayo, i-porosity iyancishiswa, amandla okushisa aphakathi ayathuthukiswa, futhi ivolumu yamakristalu akhiqizwayo iyakhula, okungaphulukisa ukuncipha kwevolumu futhi kunciphise imifantu.
3. Izinto ezingangenwa yizinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela kwezwe
Ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, amandla adonsela phansi amancane athile, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokumelana ne-ballistic, i-boron carbide ihambisana kakhulu nomkhuba wezinto ezilula ezingangenwa yizinhlamvu. Yizinto ezingcono kakhulu ezingangenwa yizinhlamvu zokuvikela izindiza, izimoto, izikhali, kanye nemizimba yabantu; okwamanje,Amanye amazwebaphakamise ucwaningo lwezikhali zempi zokulwa ne-boron carbide ezibiza kancane, behlose ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezikhali zempi zokulwa ne-boron carbide ezilwa ne-ballistic embonini yezokuvikela.
4. Ukusetshenziswa embonini yenuzi
I-Boron carbide ine-cross-section ephezulu yokumuncwa kwe-neutron kanye ne-spectrum ebanzi yamandla e-neutron, futhi yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njenge-neutron absorber engcono kakhulu embonini yenuzi. Phakathi kwazo, ingxenye yokushisa ye-boron-10 isotope iphakeme njenge-347×10-24 cm2, ilandela izakhi ezimbalwa kuphela njenge-gadolinium, i-samarium, ne-cadmium, futhi iyi-thermal neutron absorber esebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide icebile ngezinsizakusebenza, ayigqwali, izinzile kahle ekushiseni, ayikhiqizi ama-isotopes anemisebe, futhi inamandla aphansi emisebe yesibili, ngakho-ke i-boron carbide isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokulawula kanye nezinto zokuvikela kuma-reactor enuzi.
Isibonelo, embonini yenuzi, i-reactor epholiswe yigesi eshisa kakhulu isebenzisa uhlelo lokuvala ibhola olumunca i-boron njengohlelo lwesibili lokuvala. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, lapho uhlelo lokuqala lokuvala luhluleka, uhlelo lwesibili lokuvala lusebenzisa inani elikhulu lama-pellet e-boron carbide. Ukuwa kwamahhala kumzila wesendlalelo esibonakalisayo se-reactor core, njll., ukuvala i-reactor nokwenza ukuvala okubandayo, lapho ibhola elimuncayo liyibhola le-graphite eliqukethe i-boron carbide. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-boron carbide core ku-reactor epholiswe yigesi eshisa kakhulu ukulawula amandla nokuphepha kwe-reactor. Isitini sekhabhoni sigcwele izinto ezimunca i-boron carbide neutron, ezinganciphisa ukushiswa kwe-neutron kwesitsha sokucindezela kwe-reactor.
Njengamanje, izinto ze-boride ze-reactor zenuzi zifaka kakhulu izinto ezilandelayo: i-boron carbide (izinduku zokulawula, izinduku zokuvikela), i-boric acid (umlawuli, i-coolant), insimbi ye-boron (izinduku zokulawula nezinto zokugcina uphethiloli wenuzi kanye nemfucuza yenuzi), i-boron Europium (izinto ezinobuthi obushiswayo), njll.