Boron carbide bụ kristal ojii nwere ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke ọla, nke a makwaara dị ka dayamọnd ojii, nke bụ nke ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla. Ugbu a, onye ọ bụla maara ihe e ji boron carbide mee, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ojiji nke ihe agha na-anaghị agba égbè, n'ihi na ọ nwere njupụta kacha ala n'etiti ihe seramiiki, nwere uru nke modulus dị elu na ike dị elu, ma nwee ike iji obere fracture mee ihe nke ọma iji nabata projectiles. Mmetụta nke ike, ebe ọ na-eme ka ibu ahụ dị ala dịka o kwere mee. Mana n'eziokwu, boron carbide nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche ndị ọzọ, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na abrasives, ihe ndị na-anaghị agba nchara, ụlọ ọrụ nuklia, ụgbọelu na ubi ndị ọzọ.
Njirimara nkeboron carbide
N'ihe gbasara ihe ndị dị n'ime ahụ, ike nke boron carbide bụ naanị mgbe diamond na cubic boron nitride gasịrị, ọ ka nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike dị elu na okpomọkụ dị elu, nke enwere ike iji dị ka ihe kacha mma maka iyi okpomọkụ dị elu; njupụta nke boron carbide dị obere nke ukwuu (njupụta echiche bụ naanị 2.52 g/cm3), dị mfe karịa ihe seramiiki nkịtị, enwere ike iji ya na mbara igwe; boron carbide nwere ike ịmịnye neutron siri ike, ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, na ebe ịgbaze nke 2450 ° C, yabụ a na-ejikwa ya nke ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia. Enwere ike imeziwanye ikike ịmịnye neutron nke neutron site na ịgbakwunye ihe B; ihe boron carbide nwere ụdị na nhazi pụrụ iche nwekwara ihe pụrụ iche nke fotoelectric; na mgbakwunye, boron carbide nwere ebe ịgbaze dị elu, modulus elastic dị elu, obere mmụba na ezigbo uru ndị a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe enwere ike iji mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ubi dịka metallurgy, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, igwe, ụgbọelu na ụlọ ọrụ agha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide nchara na nke na-eguzogide iyi, na-eme ihe agha na-anaghị agba égbè, mkpanaka njikwa reactor na ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ eletrik, wdg.
Maka ihe ndị metụtara kemịkalụ, boron carbide anaghị emeghachi omume na asịd, alkalis na ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ n'oge okpomọkụ ụlọ, ọ naghịkwa emeghachi omume na oxygen na gas halogen n'oge okpomọkụ ụlọ, ihe ndị metụtara kemịkalụ ya dịkwa mma. Na mgbakwunye, halogen na-arụ ọrụ ntụ ntụ boron carbide dị ka ihe na-eme ka ígwè dị n'ime ya, a na-etinye boron n'elu ígwè iji mepụta ihe nkiri borode ígwè, si otú a na-eme ka ike na nguzogide iyi nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo mma, ihe ndị metụtara kemịkalụ ya dịkwa mma nke ukwuu.
Anyị niile maara na ọdịdị nke ihe ahụ na-ekpebi ojiji ya, yabụ kedu ngwa e ji eme ntụ ntụ boron carbide nwere arụmọrụ pụrụ iche?Ndị injinia nke R&D Center nkeTeknụzụ UrbanMines.Co., Ltd. mere nchịkọta dị n'okpuru.
Ojiji nkeboron carbide
1. A na-eji boron carbide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha.
A na-ejikarị ígwè boron carbide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha. N'ime ihe ndị siri ike, ike nke ígwè boron carbide ka mma karịa ígwè aluminum oxide na ígwè silicon carbide, nke na-esote naanị otu osisi diamond na ígwè cubic boron nitride. Sapphire bụ ihe kachasị mma maka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), nnukwu sekit ndị a na-ejikọta SOI na SOS, na ihe nkiri nanostructure ndị na-achịkwa ihe. Ịdị mma nke elu ahụ dị oke elu ma ga-adị nro nke ukwuu. Enweghị mmebi. N'ihi ike dị elu na ike dị elu nke kristal sapphire (ike siri ike Mohs 9), o wetaara nnukwu nsogbu na nhazi ụlọ ọrụ.
Site n'echiche nke ihe na igwe e ji gwerie ihe, ihe kacha mma maka nhazi na igwe e ji gwerie ihe bụ diamond sịntetik, boron carbide, silicon carbide, na silicon dioxide. Ike nke diamond e ji gwerie ihe dị oke elu (ike Mohs 10) mgbe a na-egweri wafer sapphire, ọ ga-akpacha elu, metụta nnyefe ìhè nke wafer ahụ, ọnụ ahịa ya dịkwa oke ọnụ; mgbe e bepụchara silicon carbide, ike RA na-adịkarị elu ma dị larịị adịghị mma; Agbanyeghị, ike silica ezughị oke (ike Mohs 7), ike igwe e ji gwerie ihe adịghịkwa mma, nke na-ewe oge ma na-ewe ọrụ n'usoro igwe e ji gwerie ihe. Ya mere, abrasive boron carbide (ike Mohs 9.3) aghọọla ihe kacha mma maka nhazi na igwe e ji gwerie kristal sapphire, ọ nwekwara arụmọrụ dị mma na igwe e ji gwerie wafer sapphire abụọ na ime ka azụ na ime ka ọ dị ọcha nke wafers epitaxial LED dabere na sapphire.
Ọ dị mkpa ikwu na mgbe okpomọkụ boron carbide karịrị 600 Celsius C, a ga-eme ka elu ya dị ka ihe nkiri B2O3, nke ga-eme ka ọ dị nro ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, yabụ ọ dịghị mma maka ịcha akọrọ na oke okpomọkụ na ngwa ndị na-emebi emebi, ọ dị mma naanị maka ịchacha mmiri mmiri. Agbanyeghị, ihe onwunwe a na-egbochi B4C ka ọ ghara ịdị na-ekpo ọkụ karịa, na-eme ka o nwee uru pụrụ iche na itinye ihe ndị na-anaghị emegharị ahụ.
2. Ngwa n'ihe ndị na-adịghị ike
Boron carbide nwere njirimara nke mgbochi oxidation na iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere ọdịdị dị elu na nke na-enweghị ọdịdị, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ngalaba ọrụ igwe, dịka stovu ígwè na arịa ụlọ ọkụ.
N'ihi mkpa nchekwa ike na mbelata oriri n'ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè na ịgbaze ígwè na-enweghị carbon na ígwè carbon dị oke ala, nnyocha na mmepe nke brik magnesium-carbon dị obere (n'ozuzu ihe dị ka pasent 8 nke carbon) nke nwere arụmọrụ dị mma adọtala ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ime na mba ofesi. Ugbu a, arụmọrụ nke brik magnesium-carbon dị obere kabọn na-akawanye mma site n'imeziwanye nhazi carbon ejikọtara, imeziwanye nhazi matrix nke brik magnesium-carbon, na itinye antioxidants dị elu. N'ime ha, a na-eji carbon graphitized nke mejupụtara boron carbide nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na obere carbon graphitized. A na-eji ntụ ntụ ojii, nke e ji mee ihe dị ka isi iyi carbon na antioxidant maka brik magnesium-carbon dị obere kabọn, arụpụtala ezigbo nsonaazụ.
Ebe ọ bụ na boron carbide ga-adị nro ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na oke okpomọkụ, enwere ike ijikọ ya na elu nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ya. Ọ bụrụgodị na ngwaahịa ahụ dị arọ, ihe nkiri oxide B2O3 dị n'elu ya nwere ike ịmepụta nchebe ụfọdụ ma rụọ ọrụ mgbochi oxidation. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na kristal kọlụm nke mmeghachi omume ahụ na-ekesa na matrix na oghere nke ihe na-eguzogide, porosity na-ebelata, ike okpomọkụ dị n'etiti na-akawanye mma, olu nke kristal emepụtara na-agbasa, nke nwere ike ịgwọ mbelata olu ma belata mgbawa.
3. Ihe ndị na-egbochi mgbọ e ji eme ka nchekwa mba ka mma
N'ihi ike ya dị elu, ike ya dị elu, obere ike ndọda ya, na oke ike iguzogide bọọlụ, boron carbide dabara na usoro nke ihe ndị na-anaghị agba mgbọ dị mfe. Ọ bụ ihe kacha mma maka nchekwa ụgbọelu, ụgbọ ala, ihe agha, na ahụ mmadụ; ugbu a,Ụfọdụ mbaewepụtala atụmatụ maka nnyocha ngwa agha boron carbide dị ọnụ ala, nke a na-achọ ịkwalite ojiji buru ibu nke ngwa agha boron carbide anti-ballistic n'ahịa nchekwa.
4. Ngwa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nuklia
Boron carbide nwere oke neutron absorption cross-section na obosara neutron energy spectrum, a makwaara ya n'ụwa niile dị ka ihe kacha mma na-amịkọrọ neutron maka ụlọ ọrụ nuklia. N'ime ha, akụkụ okpomọkụ nke isotope boron-10 dị elu ruo 347 × 10-24 cm2, nke abụọ naanị ihe ole na ole dị ka gadolinium, samarium, na cadmium, ọ bụkwa ihe na-amịkọrọ neutron thermal nke ọma. Na mgbakwunye, boron carbide bara ụba na akụrụngwa, na-eguzogide nchara, ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, anaghị emepụta isotopes redioaktivu, ma nwee obere ike ray nke abụọ, yabụ a na-eji boron carbide eme ihe dị ka ihe njikwa na ihe nchebe na reactors nuklia.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nuklia, ihe na-eme ka gas dị jụụ nke ukwuu na-eji sistemụ mkpọchi bọọlụ na-amịkọrọ boron dị ka sistemụ mmechi nke abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede emee, mgbe sistemụ mmechi mbụ dara, sistemụ mmechi nke abụọ na-eji ọtụtụ pellet boron carbide. N'efu, ọ na-adaba n'ime ọwa nke oyi akwa reflective nke isi ihe na-eme ka reactor ahụ dị jụụ, wdg, iji mechie reactor ahụ ma hụ na ọ na-emechi oyi, ebe bọọlụ na-amịkọrọ bụ bọọlụ graphite nwere boron carbide. Isi ọrụ nke isi ihe na-eme ka boron carbide dị n'ime ihe na-eme ka gas dị jụụ bụ ijikwa ike na nchekwa nke ihe na-eme ka reactor ahụ dị jụụ. A na-etinye brik carbon ahụ na ihe na-eme ka boron carbide neutron na-amịkọrọ, nke nwere ike ibelata radieshon neutron nke arịa nrụgide reactor.
Ugbu a, ihe ndị e ji ekpuchi ihe maka reactor nuklia gụnyere ihe ndị a: boron carbide (mkpanaka njikwa, mkpanaka nchekwa), boric acid (onye na-achịkwa, onye na-ajụ oyi), boron steel (mkpanaka njikwa na ihe nchekwa maka mmanụ ọkụ nuklia na ihe mkpofu nuklia), boron Europium (ihe nsí a na-ere ọkụ), wdg.