He kristal ʻeleʻele ʻo Boron carbide me ka luster metala, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he daimana ʻeleʻele, nona nā mea inorganic non-metala. I kēia manawa, ua kamaʻāina nā mea a pau me ka mea o ka boron carbide, hiki ke ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka pale kaua bulletproof, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka density ma waena o nā mea seramika, loaʻa nā pono o ke modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohana pono i ka micro-fracture e omo i nā projectiles. ʻO ka hopena o ka ikehu, me ka mālama ʻana i ka ukana haʻahaʻa e like me ka hiki. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka boron carbide, hiki ke hoʻolilo iā ia i mea nui i nā abrasives, nā mea refractory, ka ʻoihana nukelea, aerospace a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.
Nā Waiwai oboron carbide
Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kino, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka boron carbide ma hope wale nō o ka daimana a me ka cubic boron nitride, a hiki nō iā ia ke mālama i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea kūpono no ke komo ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe; he liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka boron carbide (ʻo ka nui o ka manaʻo he 2.52 g/cm3 wale nō), ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā mea seramika maʻamau, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua aerospace; Loaʻa i ka boron carbide kahi hiki ke komo neutron ikaika, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, a me kahi kiko heheʻe o 2450 ° C, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana nuklea. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka hiki ke komo neutron o ka neutron ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea B; ʻo nā mea boron carbide me ke ʻano a me ke ʻano kikoʻī he mau waiwai photoelectric kūikawā; eia kekahi, he kiko heheʻe kiʻekiʻe ko ka boron carbide, modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe, coefficient hoʻonui haʻahaʻa a maikaʻi kēia mau pono e lilo ia i mea hoʻohana kūpono ma nā ʻano he nui e like me ka metallurgy, ka ʻoihana kemika, ka mīkini, ka aerospace a me ka ʻoihana koa. No ka laʻana, nā ʻāpana pale corrosion a me nā ʻāpana pale, ka hana ʻana i nā pale kaua bulletproof, nā koʻokoʻo hoʻokele reactor a me nā mea thermoelectric, a pēlā aku.
Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kemika, ʻaʻole pane ka boron carbide me nā waikawa, alkalis a me ka hapa nui o nā hui inorganic i ka mahana o ka lumi, a ʻaʻole pane pinepine me ka oxygen a me nā kinoea halogen i ka mahana o ka lumi, a paʻa kona mau waiwai kemika. Eia kekahi, hoʻāla ʻia ka pauka boron carbide e ka halogen ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe kila, a ua komo ka boron ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kila e hana i kahi kiʻi hao boride, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa o ka mea, a maikaʻi loa kona mau waiwai kemika.
Ua ʻike mākou a pau ʻo ke ʻano o ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana, no laila i loko o nā noi hea ka hana koʻikoʻi o ka pauka boron carbide?ʻO nā ʻenekinia o ke kikowaena R&D oʻenehana UrbanMines.Ua hana ʻo Co., Ltd. i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ma lalo nei.
Hoʻohana ʻia oboron carbide
1. Hoʻohana ʻia ka boron carbide e like me ka polishing abrasive
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka boron carbide ma ke ʻano he abrasive e hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka wili ʻana a me ka poli ʻana o ka sapphire. Ma waena o nā mea superhard, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka boron carbide ma mua o ka alumini oxide a me ka silicon carbide, ʻo ka lua wale nō i ka daimana a me ka cubic boron nitride. ʻO Sapphire ka mea substrate kūpono loa no nā semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), nā kaapuni hoʻohui nui SOI a me SOS, a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni nanostructure superconducting. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka laumania o ka ʻili a pono e ultra-smooth ʻAʻohe kekelē o ka hōʻino. Ma muli o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka kristal sapphire (Mohs hardness 9), ua lawe mai ia i nā pilikia nui i nā ʻoihana hana.
Mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hana a me ka wili ʻana, ʻo nā mea hana maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana a me ka wili ʻana i nā kristal sapphire he daimana synthetic, boron carbide, silicon carbide, a me silicon dioxide. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka daimana artificial (Mohs hardness 10) i ka wā e wili ai i ka wafer sapphire, e kahakaha ia i ka ʻili, e hoʻopilikia i ka transmittance māmā o ka wafer, a he pipiʻi ke kumukūʻai; ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka silicon carbide, kiʻekiʻe pinepine ka roughness RA a ʻilihune ka flatness; Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka paʻakikī o ka silica (Mohs hardness 7), a ʻilihune ka ikaika wili, he mea e hoʻopau ai i ka manawa a me ka hana nui i ke kaʻina wili. No laila, ua lilo ka boron carbide abrasive (Mohs hardness 9.3) i mea kūpono loa no ka hana ʻana a me ka wili ʻana i nā kristal sapphire, a he hana maikaʻi loa ia i ka wili ʻana i nā wafer sapphire ʻelua ʻaoʻao a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka lahilahi a me ka poli ʻana o nā wafer epitaxial LED sapphire.
He mea kūpono ke haʻi ʻia i ka wā e ʻoi aku ai ka boron carbide ma mua o 600 ° C, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻili i loko o ka ʻili B2O3, kahi e palupalu ai i kekahi ʻano, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka wili maloʻo ma ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa i nā noi abrasive, kūpono wale nō no ka wili wai wili. Eia nō naʻe, pale kēia waiwai i ka B4C mai ka oxidized hou ʻana, e loaʻa ai nā pono kūikawā i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea refractory.
2. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea refractory
Loaʻa i ka Boron carbide nā ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mau mea refractory ʻano kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka metallurgy, e like me nā kapuahi kila a me nā lako umu.
Me nā pono o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana hao a me ke kila a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa a me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa loa, ua huki nui ʻia ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā piliki magnesia-kalapona haʻahaʻa (ma ka laulā <8% o ke kalapona) me ka hana maikaʻi loa mai nā ʻoihana kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hana o nā piliki magnesia-kalapona haʻahaʻa ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano matrix o nā piliki magnesia-kalapona, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā antioxidants kiʻekiʻe. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona graphitized i haku ʻia me ka boron carbide ʻoihana a me ka hapa ʻeleʻele kalapona graphitized. Ua loaʻa i ka pauka hui ʻeleʻele, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona a me ka antioxidant no nā piliki magnesia-kalapona haʻahaʻa, nā hopena maikaʻi.
Ma muli o ka palupalu ʻana o ka boron carbide i kekahi ʻano i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai inā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka huahana, hiki i ka ʻili oxide B2O3 ma ka ʻili ke hana i kahi pale a pāʻani i kahi hana anti-oxidation. I ka manawa like, no ka mea ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā kristal columnar i hana ʻia e ka hopena i loko o ka matrix a me nā hakahaka o ka mea refractory, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka porosity, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika o ka mahana waena, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā kristal i hana ʻia, hiki ke ho'ōla i ka emi ʻana o ka nui a hoʻemi i nā māwae.
3. Nā mea pale pōkā i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoikaika i ka pale kaua aupuni
Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, koʻikoʻi kikoʻī liʻiliʻi, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē ballistic, ua kūlike loa ka boron carbide me ke ʻano o nā mea pale pōkā māmā. ʻO ia ka mea pale pōkā maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i nā mokulele, nā kaʻa, nā pale kaua, a me nā kino kanaka; i kēia manawa,Kekahi mau ʻāinaua hāpai i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kaua anti-ballistic boron carbide haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, me ka manaʻo e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea kaua anti-ballistic boron carbide i ka ʻoihana pale kaua.
4. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana nukelea
Loaʻa i ka Boron carbide kahi ʻāpana keʻa neutron kiʻekiʻe a me kahi spectrum ikehu neutron ākea, a ua ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka mea hoʻomoʻa neutron maikaʻi loa no ka ʻoihana nukelea. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāpana wela o ka isotope boron-10 he kiʻekiʻe e like me 347 × 10-24 cm2, ʻo ka lua wale nō i kekahi mau mea e like me gadolinium, samarium, a me cadmium, a he mea hoʻomoʻa neutron thermal kūpono. Eia kekahi, waiwai nui ka boron carbide i nā kumuwaiwai, kūpaʻa i ka corrosion, kūpaʻa thermal maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hana i nā isotopes radioactive, a he haʻahaʻa ka ikehu kukuna lua, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka boron carbide ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻomalu a me nā mea pale i nā reactors nukelea.
No ka laʻana, ma ka ʻoihana nukelea, hoʻohana ka reactor hoʻomaʻalili kinoea wela kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻōnaehana pani pōpō boron omo ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana pani lua. I ka hihia o kahi ulia, i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka ʻōnaehana pani mua, hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana pani lua i ka nui o nā pellets boron carbide. Hāʻule manuahi i loko o ke kahawai o ka papa reflective o ke kumu reactor, a pēlā aku, e pani i ka reactor a hoʻokō i ka pani anu, kahi o ka pōpō omo he pōpō graphite i loaʻa ka boron carbide. ʻO ka hana nui o ke kumu boron carbide i loko o ka reactor hoʻomaʻalili kinoea wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ke kāohi i ka mana a me ka palekana o ka reactor. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka brick carbon me ka mea hoʻomoʻa neutron boron carbide, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka neutron irradiation o ka ipu kaomi reactor.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea boride no nā mea hana nukelea e komo pū me kēia mau mea: boron carbide (nā koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu, nā koʻokoʻo pale), waikawa boric (moderator, coolant), kila boron (nā koʻokoʻo hoʻomalu a me nā mea mālama no ka wahie nukelea a me nā ʻōpala nukelea), boron Europium (mea make ʻawahia hiki ke puhi ʻia), a pēlā aku.