Boron carbide ndi galasi lakuda lokhala ndi kuwala kwachitsulo, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti dayamondi yakuda, lomwe ndi la zinthu zopanda chitsulo. Pakadali pano, aliyense amadziwa bwino zinthu za boron carbide, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza zipolopolo, chifukwa zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zadothi, zimakhala ndi ubwino wa modulus yolimba komanso kuuma kwakukulu, ndipo zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino micro-fracture kuti zigwire ntchito. Mphamvu yake imachepa, pomwe imachepetsa katundu. Koma kwenikweni, boron carbide ili ndi zinthu zina zambiri zapadera, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ikhale ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zotsutsana ndi chilengedwe, zinthu zotsutsana ndi chilengedwe, makampani a nyukiliya, ndege ndi zina.
Katundu waboron carbide
Ponena za makhalidwe ake enieni, kuuma kwa boron carbide kumafuna diamondi ndi cubic boron nitride, ndipo kumatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zambiri kutentha kwambiri, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu choyenera kutentha kwambiri chosawonongeka; kuchuluka kwa boron carbide ndi kochepa kwambiri (kuchuluka kwa chiphunzitso ndi 2.52 g/cm3 yokha), kopepuka kuposa zipangizo wamba zadothi, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wa ndege; boron carbide ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yoyamwa neutron, kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha, komanso malo osungunuka a 2450 ° C, kotero imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mumakampani a nyukiliya. Mphamvu yoyamwa neutron ya neutron ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa powonjezera zinthu za B; zipangizo za boron carbide zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake zilinso ndi mawonekedwe apadera a photoelectric; kuphatikiza apo, boron carbide ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, modulus yolimba kwambiri, coefficient yotsika yokulirapo komanso yabwino. Ubwino uwu umapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri monga zitsulo, makampani a mankhwala, makina, ndege ndi mafakitale ankhondo. Mwachitsanzo, zida zoteteza dzimbiri komanso zosatha ntchito, kupanga zida zoteteza zipolopolo, ndodo zowongolera ma reactor ndi zinthu zotenthetsera, ndi zina zotero.
Ponena za makhalidwe a mankhwala, boron carbide sichita ndi ma acid, ma alkali ndi zinthu zambiri zopanda chilengedwe kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo sichichita ndi mpweya ndi mpweya wa halogen kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo makhalidwe ake a mankhwala ndi okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ufa wa boron carbide umayatsidwa ndi halogen ngati chothandizira kuwononga chitsulo, ndipo boron imalowetsedwa pamwamba pa chitsulo kuti ipange filimu ya iron boride, motero imawonjezera mphamvu ndi kukana kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzo, ndipo makhalidwe ake a mankhwala ndi abwino kwambiri.
Tonse tikudziwa kuti mtundu wa zinthuzo umasankha kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kotero ndi ntchito ziti zomwe ufa wa boron carbide umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri?Mainjiniya a R&D center ofUrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. idapanga chidule chotsatirachi.
Kugwiritsa ntchitoboron carbide
1. Boron carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopukutira chopukutira
Kugwiritsa ntchito boron carbide ngati chotsukira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popera ndi kupukuta safiro. Pakati pa zinthu zolimba kwambiri, kuuma kwa boron carbide kuli bwino kuposa kwa aluminiyamu oxide ndi silicon carbide, yachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi ndi cubic boron nitride. Safira ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri cha substrate cha semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), ma integrated circuits akuluakulu SOI ndi SOS, ndi mafilimu a superconducting nanostructure. Kusalala kwa pamwamba ndi kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kukhala kosalala kwambiri. Palibe kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu komanso kuuma kwakukulu kwa safiro crystal (Mohs hardness 9), kwabweretsa mavuto akulu kumabizinesi opangira.
Kuchokera pakuwona zinthu ndi kupukutira, zipangizo zabwino kwambiri zokonzera ndi kupukutira makristaro a safiro ndi diamondi yopangidwa, boron carbide, silicon carbide, ndi silicon dioxide. Kuuma kwa diamondi yopangira kumakhala kokwera kwambiri (kuuma kwa Mohs 10) popukutira wafer ya safiro, imakanda pamwamba, imakhudza kufalikira kwa kuwala kwa wafer, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera; mutadula silicon carbide, RA nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera ndipo kusalala kwake kumakhala kotsika; Komabe, kuuma kwa silica sikokwanira (kuuma kwa Mohs 7), ndipo mphamvu yopukutira ndi yotsika, zomwe zimatenga nthawi yambiri komanso zimafuna ntchito yambiri popukutira. Chifukwa chake, boron carbide abrasive (kuuma kwa Mohs 9.3) yakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopukutira ndi kupukutira makristaro a safiro, ndipo ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri popukutira ma wafer a safiro mbali zonse ziwiri komanso kupukuta kumbuyo kwa ma wafer a LED epitaxial okhala ndi safiro.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti pamene boron carbide ili pamwamba pa 600 ° C, pamwamba pake padzasungunuka kukhala filimu ya B2O3, yomwe idzafewetsa pang'ono, kotero sikoyenera kuphwanyidwa mouma pa kutentha kwambiri mu ntchito zokwawa, koma yoyenera kupukuta madzi ophwanyidwa okha. Komabe, izi zimalepheretsa B4C kuti isasungunuke kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi ubwino wapadera pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsutsa.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu zinthu zosagwira ntchito
Boron carbide ili ndi mawonekedwe oletsa okosijeni komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zapamwamba komanso zosapanga mawonekedwe osasunthika ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a zitsulo, monga zitofu zachitsulo ndi mipando ya uvuni.
Chifukwa cha zosowa zosunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'makampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo komanso kusungunula zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha njerwa za magnesia-carbon zochepa (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa <8%) zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri zakopa chidwi cha mafakitale am'nyumba ndi akunja. Pakadali pano, magwiridwe antchito a njerwa za magnesia-carbon zochepa nthawi zambiri amakula mwa kukonza kapangidwe ka kaboni kogwirizana, kukonza kapangidwe ka njerwa za magnesia-carbon, ndikuwonjezera ma antioxidants amphamvu kwambiri. Pakati pa izi, kaboni wokhala ndi graphitized wopangidwa ndi boron carbide ya mafakitale ndi carbon black yokhala ndi graphitized pang'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ufa wakuda wophatikizika, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kaboni komanso antioxidant pa njerwa za magnesia-carbon zochepa, wapeza zotsatira zabwino.
Popeza boron carbide imafewa pang'ono pa kutentha kwambiri, imatha kulumikizidwa pamwamba pa tinthu tina ta zinthu. Ngakhale chinthucho chitakhala cholimba, filimu ya B2O3 oxide pamwamba pake imatha kupanga chitetezo china chake ndikuchita gawo loletsa okosijeni. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa makristalo opangidwa ndi columnar omwe amapangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika amagawidwa mu matrix ndi mipata ya zinthu zotsutsana, porosity imachepa, mphamvu yapakati kutentha imawonjezeka, ndipo voliyumu ya makristalo opangidwa imakula, zomwe zimatha kuchiritsa kuchepa kwa voliyumu ndikuchepetsa ming'alu.
3. Zipangizo zosagwidwa ndi zipolopolo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa chitetezo cha dziko
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, mphamvu zake zambiri, mphamvu yake yaying'ono yokoka, komanso kukana kwambiri kwa ballistic, boron carbide imagwirizana makamaka ndi chizolowezi cha zipangizo zopepuka zosagwira zipolopolo. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri choteteza ndege, magalimoto, zida zankhondo, ndi matupi a anthu; pakadali pano,Mayiko enaApereka lingaliro lofufuza zida zotsika mtengo za boron carbide anti-ballistic armor, cholinga chake ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu zida zotsutsana ndi boron carbide anti-ballistic armor mumakampani oteteza.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu makampani a nyukiliya
Boron carbide ili ndi gawo lalikulu la neutron absorption komanso mphamvu zambiri za neutron, ndipo imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati chinthu chabwino kwambiri choyamwa neutron mumakampani a nyukiliya. Pakati pawo, gawo la kutentha la boron-10 isotope ndi lalikulu ngati 347×10-24 cm2, lachiwiri kwa zinthu zingapo monga gadolinium, samarium, ndi cadmium, ndipo ndi chinthu choyamwa neutron chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, boron carbide ili ndi zinthu zambiri, silitha dzimbiri, silikhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, silipanga ma isotope a radioactive, ndipo lili ndi mphamvu yochepa ya ray yachiwiri, kotero boron carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zipangizo zowongolera komanso zotetezera mu ma reactor a nyukiliya.
Mwachitsanzo, mu makampani opanga zida za nyukiliya, makina oziziritsa mpweya otentha kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsa mpira oboron ngati makina achiwiri oziritsa. Ngati ngozi yachitika, makina oyamba oziritsa mpweya akalephera, makina achiwiri oziritsa mpweya amagwiritsa ntchito ma pellet ambiri a boron carbide. Kugwa kwaulere mu ngalande ya gawo lowunikira la pakati pa makina oyeretsera mpweya, ndi zina zotero, kuti atseke makinawo ndikuchita kutseka kozizira, pomwe mpira woziritsa mpweya ndi mpira wa graphite wokhala ndi boron carbide. Ntchito yayikulu ya pakati pa makina oziziritsa mpweya otentha kwambiri ndikuwongolera mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha makinawo. Njerwa ya kaboni imadzazidwa ndi zinthu zoziritsa mpweya za boron carbide neutron, zomwe zingachepetse kuwala kwa neutron kwa chotengera chopanikizika cha makina oyeretsera mpweya.
Pakadali pano, zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma reactor a nyukiliya zimaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi: boron carbide (ndodo zowongolera, ndodo zotchingira), boric acid (wowongolera, woziziritsa), boron chitsulo (ndodo zowongolera ndi zinthu zosungira mafuta a nyukiliya ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya), boron Europium (zinthu za poizoni zoyaka), ndi zina zotero.