Boron carbide ikristaro nhema ine simbi inopenya, inozivikanwawo sedhaimani nhema, iyo iri yezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvisingasanganisike. Parizvino, munhu wese anoziva nezvezvinhu zviri muboron carbide, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvombo zvisingapindi mabara, nekuti ine density yakaderera pakati pezvinhu zveceramic, ine mabhenefiti e elastic modulus yakakwira uye kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye inogona kushandisa zvakanaka micro-fracture kuti itore projectiles. Simba rinoita kuti mutoro urambe wakaderera sezvinobvira. Asi kutaura chokwadi, boron carbide ine zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti iite basa rakakosha mu abrasives, refractory materials, nuclear industry, aerospace nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Zvimiro zveboron kabhidhi
Panyaya yehunhu hwemuviri, kuomarara kweboron carbide kunongoda dhaimani ne cubic boron nitride, uye inogona kuramba yakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya, iyo inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chakakodzera chinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya; huwandu hweboron carbide hudiki kwazvo (huwandu hwedzidziso hunongova 2.52 g/ cm3), hwakareruka kupfuura zvinhu zveceramic, uye hunogona kushandiswa mumunda weaerospace; boron carbide ine kugona kwakasimba kwekunyudzwa kweneutron, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, uye nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ye2450 ° C, saka inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muindasitiri yenyukireya. Kugona kwekunyudzwa kweneutron kweneutron kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera B elements; zvinhu zveboron carbide zvine morphology chaiyo uye chimiro zvinewo hunhu hwakakosha hwe photoelectric; pamusoro pezvo, boron carbide ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakakwira, high elastic modulus, low expansion coefficient uye yakanaka. Zvakanakira izvi zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chinogona kushandiswa muminda yakawanda senge metallurgy, indasitiri yemakemikari, michina, aerospace neindasitiri yemauto. Semuenzaniso, zvikamu zvinodzivirira ngura uye zvinodzivirira kupfeka, kugadzira zvombo zvinodzivirira mabara, tsvimbo dzinodzora reactor uye zvinhu zvinopisa, nezvimwewo.
Panyaya yehunhu hwemakemikari, boron carbide haisangani nemaacid, alkalis uye akawanda ma inorganic compounds patembiricha yemumba, uye haisangani nemaokisijeni nema halogen gasi patembiricha yemumba, uye hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakagadzikana. Pamusoro pezvo, boron carbide powder inobatidzwa ne halogen sesimbi inoboring agent, uye boron inopinzwa pamusoro pesimbi kuti igadzire firimu re iron boride, nokudaro ichisimudzira simba uye kuramba kupfeka kwezvinhu, uye hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakanaka kwazvo.
Tose tinoziva kuti hunhu hwechinhu chacho hunosarudza mashandisirwo acho, saka boron carbide powder inoshanda zvakanaka mukushandiswa kupi?Mainjiniya enzvimbo yeR&D yeUrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. yakaita pfupiso inotevera.
Kushandiswa kweboron kabhidhi
1. Boron carbide inoshandiswa pakukwesha
Kushandiswa kwe boron carbide sechinhu chinokwesha kunonyanya kushandiswa pakukuya nekupukuta safaya. Pakati pezvinhu zvakaoma, kuomarara kwe boron carbide kuri nani pane kwealuminium oxide nesilicon carbide, kuri pasi pe diamond ne cubic boron nitride. Safaya ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira ma LED e semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), ma circuits akabatanidzwa makuru SOI neSOS, uye superconducting nanostructure films. Kupfava kwepamusoro kwakanyanya uye kunofanira kunge kwakapfava zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwesimba rakawanda uye kuomarara kwakanyanya kwe safaya crystal (Mohs hardness 9), zvakaunza matambudziko makuru kumabhizinesi ekugadzirisa.
Kubva pamaonero ezvinhu uye kukuya, zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvekugadzirisa nekukuya makristaro esapphire idhaimani yakagadzirwa, boron carbide, silicon carbide, uye silicon dioxide. Kuoma kwedhaimani yekugadzira kwakakwira zvakanyanya (Mohs hardness 10) pakukuya wafer yesapphire, inokwenya pamusoro, ichikanganisa kufambiswa kwechiedza chewafer, uye mutengo unodhura; mushure mekucheka silicon carbide, roughness RA inowanzo kuve yakakwira uye flatness yakaderera; Zvisinei, kuoma kwesilica hakuna kukwana (Mohs hardness 7), uye simba rekukuya harina kunaka, izvo zvinotora nguva uye zvinoda simba guru mukukuya. Naizvozvo, boron carbide abrasive (Mohs hardness 9.3) yave chinhu chakanakisa chekugadzirisa nekukuya makristaro esapphire, uye ine mashandiro akanaka mukukuya mawafer esapphire ane mativi maviri uye kutetepa nekupukuta kumashure kwemawafer epitaxial esapphire-based sapphire.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kana boron carbide iri pamusoro pe600°C, pamusoro payo pachaiswa oxidized kuita B2O3 film, iyo ichaipfavisa kusvika pamwero wakati, saka haina kukodzera kukuya yakaoma pakupisa kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kweabrasive, yakakodzera chete kupukuta liquid grind. Zvisinei, hunhu uhwu hunodzivirira B4C kuti isanyanya kuoxidized, zvichiita kuti ive nemabhenefiti akasiyana mukushandisa zvinhu zvinoramba kushanda.
2. Kushandiswa muzvinhu zvinoramba kushanda
Boron carbide ine hunhu hwekudzivirira oxidation uye inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Inowanzo shandiswa sezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvisina chimiro chinodzivisa kusimba uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi, zvakaita sezvitofu zvesimbi nemidziyo yemoto.
Nekuda kwekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba muindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi uye kunyungudutswa kwesimbi ine kabhoni shoma uye simbi ine kabhoni shoma, tsvakiridzo nekugadzirwa kwezvidhinha zvemagnesia-carbon ine kabhoni shoma (kazhinji <8% yekabhoni iri mukati) zvine mashandiro akanaka zvakakwezva kutariswa kwakawanda kubva kumaindasitiri emuno neekunze. Parizvino, mashandiro ezvidhinha zvemagnesia-carbon ine kabhoni shoma anowanzo vandudzwa nekuvandudza chimiro chekabhoni chakabatana, kugadzirisa chimiro chematrix chezvidhinha zvemagnesia-carbon, uye kuwedzera ma antioxidants anoshanda zvakanyanya. Pakati pazvo, kabhoni ine graphitized inoumbwa ne industrial-grade boron carbide uye chikamu che graphitized carbon black inoshandiswa. Black composite powder, inoshandiswa se carbon source uye antioxidant yezvidhinha zvemagnesia-carbon ine kabhoni shoma, yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Sezvo boron carbide ichinyorova kusvika pamwero wakati pakupisa kwakanyanya, inogona kunamirwa pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu. Kunyangwe chigadzirwa chacho chakaoma, firimu reB2O3 oxide riri pamusoro rinogona kuumba dziviriro yakati uye kuita basa rekudzivirira oxidation. Panguva imwe chete, nekuti makristaro ecolumnar anokonzerwa nekuita anogoverwa mu matrix nepakati pezvinhu zvinoramba, porosity inoderedzwa, simba repakati nepakati rinovandudzwa, uye huwandu hwemakristaro akagadzirwa hunokura, izvo zvinogona kuporesa shrinkage yevhoriyamu uye kuderedza mitswe.
3. Zvinhu zvisingapindi mabara zvinoshandiswa kusimbisa dziviriro yenyika
Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kukuru, simba rayo guru, simba diki rekukweva, uye simba rayo guru rekudzivirira mabara, boron carbide inonyanya kuenderana nemaitiro ezvinhu zvisingapindi mabara. Ndiyo yakanakisa midziyo isingapindi mabara yekudzivirira ndege, mota, nhumbi dzehondo, uye miviri yevanhu; parizvino,Dzimwe nyikavakakurudzira tsvakurudzo yezvombo zve boron carbide anti-ballistic armor inodhura zvishoma, vachivavarira kukurudzira kushandiswa kukuru kwezvombo zve boron carbide anti-ballistic armor muindasitiri yekudzivirira.
4. Kushandiswa muindasitiri yenyukireya
Boron carbide ine chikamu chakanyanya chekunyudzwa kweneutron uye ine simba remanyutron rakafara, uye inozivikanwa pasi rose semunyu wakanakisa wekunyudzwa kweneutron muindasitiri yenyukireya. Pakati pazvo, chikamu chekupisa che boron-10 isotope chakakwirira kusvika 347×10-24 cm2, chiri chechipiri kune zvinhu zvishoma zvakaita segadolinium, samarium, uye cadmium, uye inonyudzwa nemafuta ekupisa anoshanda zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, boron carbide yakapfuma muzviwanikwa, haipindi ngura, inogara zvakanaka mukupisa, haiburitse masotopu ane radioactive, uye ine simba shoma resecondary ray, saka boron carbide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinhu zvekudzora uye zvekudzivirira muma reactor enyukireya.
Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yenyukireya, reactor inotonhodzwa negasi rinopisa zvakanyanya inoshandisa sisitimu yekudzima bhora inonyungudutsa boron sesisitimu yechipiri yekudzima. Kana tsaona ikaitika, kana sisitimu yekutanga ikatadza kushanda, sisitimu yechipiri yekudzima inoshandisa huwandu hwakawanda hwemapellet eboron carbide. Kuwira kwakasununguka mugwara rechikamu chereflective chereactor core, nezvimwewo, kudzima reactor uye kuita kudzima kunotonhora, uko bhora rinonyungudutsa riri graphite ball rine boron carbide. Basa guru reboron carbide core mureactor inotonhodzwa negasi rinopisa zvakanyanya nderekudzora simba nekuchengetedzeka kwereactor. Chidhinha chekabhoni chakazadzwa nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa neutron zveboron carbide, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kupenya kweneutron kwemudziyo wekumanikidza wereactor.
Parizvino, zvinhu zve boride zvema "nuclear reactors" zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera: boron carbide (tsvimbo dzekudzora, tsvimbo dzekuvharira), boric acid (moderator, coolant), boron steel (tsvimbo dzekudzora nezvinhu zvekuchengetera mafuta enyukireya nemarara enyukireya), boron Europium (zvinhu zvine chepfu inobvira kupiswa), nezvimwewo.