Boron carbide wani lu'ulu'u ne mai launin ƙarfe mai haske, wanda aka fi sani da black lu'u-lu'u, wanda ke cikin kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba. A halin yanzu, kowa ya san kayan boron carbide, wanda wataƙila ya faru ne saboda amfani da sulke mai hana harsashi, saboda yana da mafi ƙarancin yawa tsakanin kayan yumbu, yana da fa'idodin babban modulus mai laushi da tauri mai yawa, kuma yana iya samun kyakkyawan amfani da ƙananan karyewa don shanye abubuwan fashewa. Tasirin kuzari, yayin da yake kiyaye nauyin ƙasa gwargwadon iko. Amma a zahiri, boron carbide yana da wasu halaye na musamman da yawa, waɗanda zasu iya sa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abrasives, kayan da ba su da ƙarfi, masana'antar nukiliya, sararin samaniya da sauran fannoni.
Kadarorinboron carbide
Dangane da halayen jiki, taurin boron carbide yana faruwa ne kawai bayan lu'u-lu'u da cubic boron nitride, kuma har yanzu yana iya riƙe ƙarfi mai yawa a yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi azaman kayan da ya dace don jure lalacewa mai zafi mai yawa; yawan boron carbide ƙarami ne (yawan ka'ida shine 2.52 g/cm3 kawai), ya fi sauƙi fiye da kayan yumbu na yau da kullun, kuma ana iya amfani da shi a fagen sararin samaniya; boron carbide yana da ƙarfin shaƙar neutron, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na zafi, da wurin narkewa na 2450 ° C, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar nukiliya. Ana iya ƙara inganta ikon shaƙar neutron na neutron ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan B; kayan boron carbide tare da takamaiman siffa da tsari suma suna da kaddarorin photoelectric na musamman; Bugu da ƙari, boron carbide yana da babban wurin narkewa, babban modulus na roba, ƙarancin ƙimar faɗaɗawa da kyau. Waɗannan fa'idodi sun sa ya zama kayan aiki mai yuwuwa a fannoni da yawa kamar ƙarfe, masana'antar sinadarai, injina, sararin samaniya da masana'antar soja. Misali, sassan da ke jure tsatsa da lalacewa, yin sulke masu jure wa harsashi, sandunan sarrafa reactor da abubuwan da ke jure wa zafi, da sauransu.
Dangane da halayen sinadarai, boron carbide ba ya yin aiki da acid, alkalis da yawancin mahaɗan da ba su da tsari a zafin ɗaki, kuma da wuya ya yi aiki da iskar oxygen da iskar halogen a zafin ɗaki, kuma halayen sinadarai nasa suna da ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, foda boron carbide yana aiki ta hanyar halogen a matsayin wakili mai ɗaure ƙarfe, kuma boron yana shiga saman ƙarfe don samar da fim ɗin borode na ƙarfe, ta haka yana ƙara ƙarfi da juriyar lalacewa na kayan, kuma halayen sinadarai nasa suna da kyau.
Duk mun san cewa yanayin kayan yana ƙayyade amfani, don haka a cikin waɗanne aikace-aikace ne foda boron carbide ke da kyakkyawan aiki?Injiniyoyin cibiyar bincike da ci gaban fasaha taFasaha ta Urban Mines.Kamfanin Co., Ltd. ya yi taƙaitaccen bayani kamar haka.
Amfani daboron carbide
1. Ana amfani da boron carbide a matsayin gogewa
Ana amfani da boron carbide a matsayin abin gogewa musamman don niƙa da goge sapphire. Daga cikin kayan da suka yi tsauri, taurin boron carbide ya fi na aluminum oxide da silicon carbide, wanda ya fi lu'u-lu'u da cubic boron nitride. Sapphire shine mafi kyawun kayan substrate don semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), manyan da'irori masu haɗa SOI da SOS, da kuma fina-finan nanostructure masu ɗaukar nauyi. Santsi na saman yana da yawa kuma dole ne ya kasance mai santsi sosai. Babu wani rauni. Saboda ƙarfinsa da ƙarfinsa na lu'ulu'u na sapphire (Mohs hardness 9), ya kawo manyan matsaloli ga sarrafa kamfanoni.
Daga mahangar kayan aiki da niƙa, mafi kyawun kayan aiki don sarrafawa da niƙa lu'ulu'u na sapphire sune lu'ulu'u na roba, boron carbide, silicon carbide, da silicon dioxide. Taurin lu'u-lu'u na roba yana da yawa (taurin Mohs 10) lokacin niƙa wafer na sapphire, zai ƙarce saman, ya shafi watsa hasken wafer, kuma farashin yana da tsada; bayan yanke silicon carbide, taurin RA yawanci yana da yawa kuma lanƙwasa ba shi da kyau; Duk da haka, taurin silica bai isa ba (taurin Mohs 7), kuma ƙarfin niƙa ba shi da kyau, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci kuma yana ɗaukar aiki a cikin tsarin niƙa. Saboda haka, abrasive na boron carbide (taurin Mohs 9.3) ya zama mafi kyawun kayan aiki don sarrafawa da niƙa lu'ulu'u na sapphire, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin niƙa wafers na sapphire mai gefe biyu da kuma rage baya da goge wafers na LED epitaxial na sapphire.
Ya kamata a ambata cewa idan boron carbide ya wuce 600 ° C, saman zai yi oxidize zuwa fim ɗin B2O3, wanda zai yi laushi zuwa wani mataki, don haka bai dace da busasshen niƙa a zafin jiki mai yawa ba a aikace-aikacen gogewa, kawai ya dace da goge niƙa mai ruwa-ruwa. Duk da haka, wannan siffa tana hana B4C ƙara oxidation, wanda hakan ke sa shi yana da fa'idodi na musamman a aikace-aikacen kayan da ba sa jure wa iska.
2. Amfani da shi a cikin kayan da ba su da ƙarfi
Boron carbide yana da halaye na hana iskar shaka da kuma juriya ga yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya azaman kayan aiki masu ƙarfi da siffa mara siffa kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni daban-daban na aikin ƙarfe, kamar murhun ƙarfe da kayan daki na murhu.
Tare da buƙatun tanadin makamashi da rage amfani a masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe da kuma narkar da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon da ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon, bincike da haɓaka tubalin mai ƙarancin carbon-magnesia-carbon (gabaɗaya ƙasa da kashi 8% na carbon) tare da kyakkyawan aiki ya jawo hankali daga masana'antun cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. A halin yanzu, aikin tubalin mai ƙarancin carbon-magnesia-carbon gabaɗaya ana inganta shi ta hanyar inganta tsarin carbon da aka haɗa, inganta tsarin matrix na tubalin magnesia-carbon, da ƙara antioxidants masu inganci. Daga cikinsu, ana amfani da carbon mai graphitized wanda aka haɗa da boron carbide na masana'antu da kuma wani ɓangare na carbon baki mai graphitized. Ana amfani da foda mai launin baƙi, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman tushen carbon da antioxidant don tubalin magnesia-carbon mai ƙarancin carbon, ya sami sakamako mai kyau.
Tunda boron carbide zai yi laushi zuwa wani mataki a yanayin zafi mai yawa, ana iya haɗa shi da saman sauran ƙwayoyin halitta. Ko da samfurin ya yi yawa, fim ɗin oxide na B2O3 da ke saman zai iya samar da wani kariya kuma ya taka rawar hana iskar shaka. A lokaci guda, saboda lu'ulu'u masu siffar columnar da amsawar ta samar suna yaɗuwa a cikin matrix da gibin kayan da ke hana iskar shaka, ana rage porosity ɗin, ƙarfin matsakaicin zafin jiki yana inganta, kuma girman lu'ulu'un da aka samar yana faɗaɗa, wanda zai iya warkar da raguwar girma da rage tsagewa.
3. Kayan kariya daga harsashi da ake amfani da su don inganta tsaron ƙasa
Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ƙarfinsa mai yawa, ƙaramin nauyi, da kuma ƙarfin juriyar ballistic, boron carbide ya dace musamman da yanayin kayan kariya daga harsashi masu sauƙi. Shi ne mafi kyawun kayan kariya daga harsashi don kare jiragen sama, motoci, sulke, da jikin ɗan adam; a halin yanzu,Wasu ƙasashesun gabatar da wani bincike mai rahusa kan sulke na boron carbide na hana ballistic, da nufin haɓaka amfani da sulke na boron carbide na hana ballistic a masana'antar tsaro.
4. Aikace-aikace a masana'antar nukiliya
Carbide na Boron yana da babban sashin shaye-shaye na neutron da kuma faffadan ƙarfin neutron, kuma an san shi a duniya a matsayin mafi kyawun mai shaye-shaye na neutron ga masana'antar nukiliya. Daga cikinsu, sashin zafi na isotope na boron-10 yana da tsayin 347 × 10-24 cm2, wanda ya fi na wasu abubuwa kamar gadolinium, samarium, da cadmium, kuma ingantaccen mai shaye-shaye neutron neutron ne. Bugu da ƙari, boron carbide yana da wadataccen albarkatu, mai jure tsatsa, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi, baya samar da isotopes na rediyoaktif, kuma yana da ƙarancin kuzarin hasken rana na biyu, don haka ana amfani da boron carbide sosai a matsayin kayan sarrafawa da kayan kariya a cikin masu samar da makamashin nukiliya.
Misali, a masana'antar nukiliya, na'urar sanyaya iskar gas mai yawan zafin jiki tana amfani da tsarin rufe ƙwallo mai shan boron a matsayin tsarin rufewa na biyu. Idan hatsari ya faru, lokacin da tsarin rufewa na farko ya gaza, tsarin rufewa na biyu yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin boron carbide. Faɗuwa kyauta cikin tashar layin haske na tsakiyar reactor, da sauransu, don rufe reactor da kuma gano rufewar sanyi, inda ƙwallon shaye-shaye ƙwallon graphite ce da ke ɗauke da boron carbide. Babban aikin na'urar sanyaya iskar boron carbide a cikin na'urar sanyaya iskar gas mai yawan zafin jiki shine don sarrafa iko da amincin na'urar. An saka tubalin carbon da kayan shan boron carbide neutron, wanda zai iya rage hasken neutron na jirgin ruwa mai matsin lamba.
A halin yanzu, kayan borode na reactor na nukiliya sun haɗa da waɗannan kayan: boron carbide (sandunan sarrafawa, sandunan kariya), boric acid (mai daidaitawa, mai sanyaya ruwa), ƙarfe boron (sandunan sarrafawa da kayan adana man fetur na nukiliya da sharar nukiliya), boron Europium (abin guba mai ƙonewa), da sauransu.