I-Boron carbide yikristale emnyama ene-metallic luster, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-black diamond, eyinxalenye yezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi ezingaphiliyo. Okwangoku, wonke umntu uqhelene nezinto ze-boron carbide, ezinokuba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhusela iimbumbulu, kuba ine-density ephantsi phakathi kwezinto ze-ceramic, ineenzuzo ze-modulus ephezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, kwaye inokusebenzisa kakuhle i-micro-fracture ukufunxa ii-projectiles. Isiphumo samandla, ngelixa sigcina umthwalo uphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kodwa eneneni, i-boron carbide inezinye iimpawu ezininzi ezizodwa, ezinokwenza ukuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwi-abrasives, izinto ezichasene ne-refractory, ishishini lenyukliya, i-aerospace kunye neminye imimandla.
Iimpawu zei-boron carbide
Ngokweempawu zomzimba, ubunzima be-boron carbide buxhomekeke kwidayimani kunye ne-cubic boron nitride kuphela, kwaye isenokugcina amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, anokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo esifanelekileyo sokumelana nokuguguleka kubushushu obuphezulu; uxinano lwe-boron carbide luncinci kakhulu (uxinano lwethiyori yi-2.52 g/ cm3 kuphela), lukhaphukhaphu kunezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zeseramikhi, kwaye lungasetyenziswa kwintsimi yeenqwelo-moya; i-boron carbide inamandla okufunxa i-neutron, uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ye-2450 ° C, ngoko ke ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lenyukliya. Amandla okufunxa i-neutron kwi-neutron anokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokongeza izinto ze-B; izixhobo ze-boron carbide ezine-morphology ethile kunye nesakhiwo nazo zineempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-photoelectric; ukongeza, i-boron carbide inendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, i-modulus ephezulu ye-elastic, i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kunye nelungileyo Ezi zibonelelo zenza ukuba ibe yinto enokubakho yokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana ne-metallurgy, imboni yeekhemikhali, oomatshini, i-aerospace kunye nemboni yemikhosi. Umzekelo, iindawo ezimelana nokugqwala nezinganyangekiyo, ukwenza izixhobo ezikhusela iimbumbulu, iintonga zokulawula i-reactor kunye nezinto ze-thermoelectric, njl.
Ngokuphathelele iipropati zeekhemikhali, i-boron carbide ayisebenzi ngee-asidi, ii-alkali kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphiliyo kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ayisebenzi kangako neegesi zeoksijini kunye nee-halogen kubushushu begumbi, kwaye iipropati zayo zeekhemikhali zizinzile. Ukongeza, i-boron carbide powder isebenza yi-halogen njenge-arhente yentsimbi eboying, kwaye i-boron ifakwa kumphezulu wentsimbi ukuze yenze ifilimu ye-iron boride, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa amandla kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwezinto, kwaye iipropati zayo zeekhemikhali zibalasele.
Sonke siyazi ukuba uhlobo lwezixhobo lugqiba ukusetyenziswa, ngoko ke zeziphi iindlela apho i-boron carbide powder isebenza kakuhle khona?Iinjineli zeziko le-R&D laseUbuchwepheshe be-UrbanMines.I-Co., Ltd. yenze isishwankathelo esilandelayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwei-boron carbide
1. I-boron carbide isetyenziswa njenge-abrasive yokupolisha
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-boron carbide njengesiqholo kusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukugaya nokupolisha isafire. Phakathi kwezinto eziqinileyo, ubulukhuni be-boron carbide bungcono kunobo be-aluminium oxide kunye ne-silicon carbide, bulandela idayimani kunye ne-cubic boron nitride. I-safire yeyona nto ifanelekileyo kwi-substrate ye-semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (ii-LED), ii-large-scale integrated circuits SOI kunye ne-SOS, kunye neefilimu ze-nanostructure eziqhuba i-superconducting. Ubuthambile bomphezulu buphezulu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka bube bushelelezi kakhulu. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu kunye nobulukhuni obuphezulu be-safire crystal (ubulukhuni be-Mohs 9), izise ubunzima obukhulu kumashishini okucubungula.
Ngokwembono yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusila, ezona zinto zibalaseleyo zokucubungula nokusila iikristale zesafire yidayimani yokwenziwa, i-boron carbide, i-silicon carbide, kunye ne-silicon dioxide. Ubunzima bedayimani yokwenziwa buphezulu kakhulu (ubunzima beMohs 10) xa kusila i-safire wafer, iya kukrwela umphezulu, ichaphazele ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-wafer, kwaye ixabiso libiza kakhulu; emva kokusika i-silicon carbide, uburhabaxa be-RA buhlala buphezulu kwaye uburhabaxa buyaphanza; Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima be-silica abwanelanga (ubunzima beMohs 7), kwaye amandla okusila aphantsi, nto leyo ethatha ixesha kwaye ifuna umsebenzi omninzi kwinkqubo yokusila. Ke ngoko, i-boron carbide abrasive (ubunzima beMohs 9.3) iye yaba yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokucubungula nokusila iikristale zesafire, kwaye isebenza kakuhle ekusileni ii-wafer zesafire ezimacala mabini kunye nokuncitshiswa komqolo kunye nokupholisha ii-wafer ze-LED epitaxial ezisekwe kwisafire.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba xa i-boron carbide ingaphezulu kwama-600 ° C, umphezulu uya kunyibilikiswa ube yifilimu ye-B2O3, eya kuyithambisa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukugaywa okomileyo kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu xa kusetyenzwa ngokurhabaxa, ifanele kuphela ukupolisha ulwelo olugaywayo. Nangona kunjalo, olu phawu luthintela i-B4C ekubeni inyibilikiswe ngakumbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe neengenelo ezikhethekileyo ekusebenziseni izinto ezichaseneyo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwizinto ezichasayo
I-boron carbide ineempawu zokulwa ne-oxidation kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto eziphucukileyo ezimile okwesimo nezingamiliyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-metallurgy, njengezitovu zentsimbi kunye nefenitshala ye-oven.
Ngenxa yeemfuno zokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwishishini lesinyithi nentsimbi kunye nokunyibilikiswa kwentsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nentsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi kakhulu, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezitena ze-magnesia-carbon ezinekhabhoni ephantsi (ngokubanzi <8% umxholo wekhabhoni) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuye kwatsala ingqalelo engakumbi kumashishini asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Okwangoku, ukusebenza kwezitena ze-magnesia-carbon ezinekhabhoni ephantsi kudla ngokuphuculwa ngokuphucula isakhiwo sekhabhoni esidibeneyo, ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lwe-matrix lwezitena ze-magnesia-carbon, kunye nokongeza ii-antioxidants ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, kusetyenziswa i-graphitized carbon eyenziwe yi-boron carbide yomgangatho wezimboni kunye ne-graphitized carbon black. I-black composite powder, esetyenziswa njengomthombo wekhabhoni kunye ne-antioxidant kwizitena ze-magnesia-carbon ezinekhabhoni ephantsi, ifumene iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ekubeni i-boron carbide iya kuthamba ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile kubushushu obuphezulu, inokuncamathiselwa kumphezulu wezinye iinxalenye zezinto. Nokuba imveliso ixinene, ifilimu ye-B2O3 oxide kumphezulu inokwenza ukhuseleko oluthile kwaye idlale indima yokulwa ne-oxidation. Kwangaxeshanye, kuba iikristale zekholamu eziveliswa yimpendulo zisasazwa kwi-matrix kunye nezikhewu zezinto ezichasene ne-refractory, i-porosity iyancitshiswa, amandla obushushu obuphakathi ayaphucuka, kwaye umthamo weekristale eziveliswayo uyakhula, nto leyo enokuphilisa ukuncitshiswa komthamo kwaye inciphise imifantu.
3. Izixhobo ezingangeni mbumbulu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukhuselo lwesizwe
Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, umxhuzulane omncinci, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokumelana ne-ballistic, i-boron carbide ihambelana ngokukodwa nomkhwa wezinto ezikhaphukhaphu ezingangenisi mbumbulu. Yeyona nto ilungileyo yokukhusela iinqwelomoya, izithuthi, izixhobo kunye nemizimba yabantu; okwangoku,Amanye amazwebacebise uphando lwezixhobo zokulwa ne-boron carbide ezixabisa kancinci, bejolise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwezixhobo zokulwa ne-boron carbide ezilwa ne-ballistic kushishino lokhuselo.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwishishini lenyukliya
I-Boron carbide ine-cross-section ephezulu yokufunxwa kwe-neutron kunye ne-wide neutron energy spectrum, kwaye yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengeyona nto ingcono yokufunxwa kwe-neutron kwishishini lenyukliya. Phakathi kwazo, icandelo lobushushu le-boron-10 isotope liphezulu njenge-347×10-24 cm2, lilandela izinto ezimbalwa ezifana ne-gadolinium, i-samarium, kunye ne-cadmium, kwaye liyi-absorber ye-thermal neutron esebenzayo. Ukongeza, i-boron carbide ityebile kwizixhobo, ayimelani nokugqwala, izinzo oluhle lobushushu, ayivelisi ii-isotopes ze-radioactive, kwaye inamandla aphantsi e-secondary ray, ngoko ke i-boron carbide isetyenziswa kakhulu njengezixhobo zokulawula kunye nezinto zokukhusela kwi-reactors zenyukliya.
Umzekelo, kwishishini lenyukliya, i-reactor epholiswe yigesi eshushu kakhulu isebenzisa inkqubo yokuvala ibhola efunxa i-boron njengenkqubo yesibini yokuvala. Kwimeko yengozi, xa inkqubo yokuvala yokuqala ingaphumeleli, inkqubo yesibini yokuvala isebenzisa inani elikhulu lee-pellets ze-boron carbide. Ukuwa kwamahhala kumjelo womaleko obonakalisayo we-reactor core, njl.njl., ukuvala i-reactor nokwenza i-cold shutdown, apho ibhola efunxayo yibhola ye-graphite equlathe i-boron carbide. Umsebenzi ophambili we-boron carbide core kwi-reactor epholiswe yigesi eshushu kakhulu kukulawula amandla kunye nokhuseleko lwe-reactor. Isitena sekhabhoni sifakwe izinto zokufunxa i-boron carbide neutron, ezinokunciphisa i-neutron irradiation yesitya soxinzelelo lwe-reactor.
Okwangoku, izinto ze-boride ze-reactors zenyukliya ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo: i-boron carbide (iintonga zokulawula, iintonga zokukhusela), i-boric acid (i-moderator, i-coolant), i-boron steel (iintonga zokulawula kunye nezinto zokugcina amafutha enyukliya kunye nenkunkuma yenyukliya), i-boron Europium (izinto ezinobuthi obuvuthayo), njl.