Ke wehe nei i ka mana o nā mea ʻoi loa: Hoʻokele ka Trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium i ka hana hou ʻoihana.
I ka nalu o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻoihana hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻoihana uila honua, ʻo ka trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH3)3) a me ka trimethylgallium (TMG, Ga(CH3)3) ma ke ʻano he mau hui metala koʻikoʻi (nā kumu MO) e lilo nei i kihi o ka hana hou ma nā kahua o ka catalysis, semiconductors, photovoltaics a me nā LED me ko lākou mau waiwai kemika maikaʻi loa a me ka waiwai noi hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia. Me kona ikaika loea e hoʻomaikaʻi mau ana a me ke kaulahao lako paʻa a kūpono hoʻi, ke lilo nei ʻo Kina i ʻāina kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolako honua o ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium.
ʻO ke kihi o ka catalysis: ka hāʻawi koʻikoʻi otrimethylaluminum
Mai ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻenehana catalytic Ziegler-Natta, ua lilo nā hui organoaluminium i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka hana ʻana i nā polyolefins (e like me ka polyethylene a me ka polypropylene). I waena o lākou, ʻo ka methylaluminoxane (MAO), i loaʻa mai ka trimethylaluminum maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ma ke ʻano he co-catalyst koʻikoʻi, e hoʻoulu pono i nā mea hoʻoulu metala hoʻololi like ʻole a hoʻokele i ke kaʻina hana polymerization nui o ka honua. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe a me ka reactivity o ka trimethylaluminum e hoʻoholo pololei i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana catalytic a me ka maikaʻi o ka polymer hope loa.
Nā mea mua koʻikoʻi no ka hana semiconductor a me ka photovoltaic
Ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana semiconductor, he kumu alumini koʻikoʻi ka trimethylaluminum. Hoʻohana ia i nā kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale mahu kemika (CVD) a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale papa atomika (ALD) e waiho pololei i ka hana kiʻekiʻeʻokeka alumini (Al2O3))nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni dielectric constant kiʻekiʻe (kiʻekiʻe-k) no nā puka transistor holomua a me nā cell hoʻomanaʻo. He koʻikoʻi loa nā koi maʻemaʻe no ka trimethylaluminum, me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka nui o nā haumia metala, nā haumia i loaʻa ka oxygen, a me nā haumia organik e hōʻoia i nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa a me ka hilinaʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
I ka manawa like, ʻo ka trimethylaluminum ka mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka ulu ʻana o nā semiconductors hui i loaʻa ka alumini (e like me AlAs, AlN, AlP, AlSb, AlGaAs, AlGaN, AlInGaP, AlInGaN, etc.) e ka ʻenehana metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). ʻO kēia mau mea ke kumu o nā kamaʻilio wikiwiki, nā mea uila mana, a me nā mea optoelectronic ultraviolet hohonu.
I loko o ka ʻoihana photovoltaic, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka trimethylaluminum. Ma o ke kaʻina hana plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) a i ʻole ALD, hoʻohana ʻia ka trimethylaluminum e hana i kahi papa passivation alumini oxide (Al2O3) kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kēia papa passivation ke hōʻemi nui i ka pohō recombination ma ka ʻili o nā cell solar silicon crystalline, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka pono hoʻololi o nā cell. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā cell solar kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻomālamalama nei i ka wā e hiki mai ana: nā LED a me nā mea optoelectronic holomua
Ua hilinaʻi nui ka ʻoihana LED e ulu nui ana i ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium. I ka ulu ʻana o ka epitaxial LED (MOVPE):
* ʻO Trimethylaluminum kahi mea mua no ka ulu ʻana i nā papa epitaxial semiconductor III-V i loaʻa ka alumini e like me ka alumini gallium nitride (AlGaN), i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā LED ultraviolet hohonu hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā lasers. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia e waiho i nā papa passivation Al2O3 a i ʻole AlN e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka unuhi ʻana i ka mālamalama a me ka hilinaʻi o nā hāmeʻa.
*ʻO Trimethylgallium (TMG)ʻo ia ke kumu nui a oʻo o ka gallium i ke kaʻina hana MOVPE. ʻO ia ke kumu mua no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻano semiconductors hui like ʻole me ka gallium, me:
* Gallium Nitride (GaN): He mea kihi no nā LED polū a me keʻokeʻo, nā lasers (LDs), a me nā mea uila mana kiʻekiʻe.
* Gallium arsenide (GaAs): Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila wikiwiki, nā ʻāpana alapine lekiō, nā cell solar ākea kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea optoelectronic kokoke i ka infrared.
* Gallium phosphide (GaP) a me gallium antimonide (GaSb): He mea koʻikoʻi lākou i nā kahua o nā LED ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā mea ʻike kiʻi, a pēlā aku.
* Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS): mea papa omo mālamalama koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pūnaewele solar ʻili lahilahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka maʻemaʻe a me ke kūpaʻa o ka trimethylgallium e hoʻoholo pololei i ka maikaʻi o ke kristal a me nā waiwai uila/optical o ka papa epitaxial, ka mea e hoʻopilikia hope loa i ka ʻōlinolino, ke kūlike o ka nalu, a me ke ola o ka LED. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Trimethylgallium e hoʻomākaukau i nā mea ʻili lahilahi koʻikoʻi e like me GaAs, GaN, a me GaP, e lawelawe ana i nā microelectronics a me nā mea hana alapine kiʻekiʻe.
Lako Kina: hōʻoia o ka maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa, a me ka pono
Ua holomua nui ʻo Kina ma ke kahua o nā kinoea kūikawā uila kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumu MO, a ua hōʻike i nā pono hoʻokūkū ikaika i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium:
1. Ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoi loa: Ua ʻike nā ʻoihana kūloko alakaʻi i ka distillation hoʻomau holomua, adsorption, hoʻomaʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohua nui i ka trimethylaluminum maʻemaʻe ultra-kiʻekiʻe a me ka trimethylgallium o 6N (99.9999%) a ʻoi aku, e kāohi pono i nā haumia metala (e like me Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn), nā haumia i loaʻa ka oxygen (e like me nā hydrocarbons i loaʻa ka oxygen) a me nā haumia organik (e like me ethylaluminum, dimethylaluminum hydride), a hoʻokō piha i nā koi koʻikoʻi o ka semiconductor a me ka ulu ʻana o ka epitaxial LED.
2. Ka lako paʻa a me ka unahi: ʻO ke kākoʻo kaulahao ʻoihana piha a me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ka mana hana e hōʻoia i ka lako nui, paʻa, a hilinaʻi hoʻi o ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium i ka mākeke honua, e pale pono ana i nā pilikia kaulahao lako.
3. Nā pono kumukūʻai a me ka pono: Hoʻemi nui ka hana kūloko i nā kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa (me ka logistics, nā tariffs, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo loea a me nā lawelawe kūloko i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka pane koke.
4. Hoʻomau ʻia e ka hana hou: Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana Kina i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻomau i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana o ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka hana noi, a hoʻomohala ikaika i nā kikoʻī hou o nā huahana e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā ʻenehana hanauna hou (e like me Micro-LED, nā semiconductors node holomua, a me nā cell solar stacked kiʻekiʻe-efficiency).
Hopena
Ma ke ʻano he "genes mea" o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o kēia wā, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium ma nā kahua o ka polymerization catalytic, nā ʻāpana semiconductor, nā photovoltaics kiʻekiʻe, a me nā optoelectronics holomua (LED/LD). ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium mai Kina ʻaʻole wale ke koho ʻana i nā huahana maʻemaʻe ultra-kiʻekiʻe e kū ana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, akā ke koho ʻana hoʻi i kahi hoa hana hoʻolālā me nā hōʻoia hiki ke hana ikaika, nā hiki ke hana hou mau, a me nā hiki ke pane lawelawe kūpono. E apo i ka trimethylaluminum a me ka trimethylgallium i hana ʻia ma Kina, e hoʻoikaika pū i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana, a e hoʻokele i ka palena ʻenehana e hiki mai ana!