1. Kuyini i-silicon yensimbi?
I-silicon yensimbi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silicon yezimboni, ingumkhiqizo we-silicon dioxide encibilikisayo kanye ne-carbonaceous reducing agent esithandweni se-arc esingaphansi kwamanzi. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-silicon ivame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-98.5% nangaphansi kuka-99.99%, kanti okunye ukungcola yi-iron, i-aluminium, i-calcium, njll.
EShayina, i-silicon yensimbi ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngama-grade ahlukene afana no-553, 441, 421, 3303, 2202, 1101, njll., ahlukaniswa ngokokuqukethwe kwensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium.
2. Insimu yokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon yensimbi
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon yensimbi okuphansi kakhulu yi-silicon, i-polysilicon kanye ne-aluminium alloys. Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kweShayina kungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.6, kanti isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa simi kanje:
Ijeli le-silica linezidingo eziphezulu ku-silicon yensimbi futhi lidinga izinga lamakhemikhali, elihambisana nemodeli engu-421#, lilandelwe yi-polysilicon, amamodeli asetshenziswa kakhulu angu-553# kanye no-441#, kanti izidingo ze-aluminium alloy ziphansi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo se-polysilicon ku-silicon ephilayo sikhulile, futhi isilinganiso saso sesikhule kakhulu. Isidingo se-aluminium alloys asizange nje sikhuphuke, kodwa sehlile. Lokhu futhi kuyisici esiyinhloko esibangela ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza insimbi ye-silicon abonakale ephezulu, kodwa izinga lokusebenza liphansi kakhulu, futhi kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwe-silicon yensimbi yezinga eliphezulu emakethe.
3. Isimo sokukhiqiza ngo-2021
Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi 2021, ukuthunyelwa kwensimbi ye-silicon eShayina kufinyelele kumathani angu-466,000, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-41%. Ngenxa yentengo ephansi ye-silicon ensimbi eShayina eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kuhlangene nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izizathu, amabhizinisi amaningi abiza kakhulu anezinga lokusebenza eliphansi noma avalwa ngqo.
Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokunikezwa okwanele, izinga lokusebenza le-silicon yensimbi lizoba phezulu. Ukunikezwa kwamandla akwanele, futhi izinga lokusebenza le-silicon yensimbi liphansi kakhulu kunaseminyakeni edlule. I-silicon eseceleni kwesidingo kanye ne-polysilicon ziyantuleka kulo nyaka, ngamanani aphezulu, amazinga aphezulu okusebenza, kanye nesidingo esikhulu se-silicon yensimbi. Izici eziphelele ziholele ekushodeni okukhulu kwe-silicon yensimbi.
Okwesine, umkhuba wesikhathi esizayo we-silicon yensimbi
Ngokusho kwesimo sokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo esihlaziywe ngenhla, ukuthambekela kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-silicon yensimbi kuncike kakhulu esixazululweni sezici zangaphambilini.
Okokuqala, ekukhiqizweni kwama-zombie, intengo ihlala iphezulu, kanti okunye ukukhiqizwa kwama-zombie kuzoqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi esithile.
Okwesibili, imingcele yamandla yamanje kwezinye izindawo isaqhubeka. Ngenxa yokungatholakali kahle kwamandla, ezinye izimboni ze-silicon zibikelwe ngokunqamuka kwamandla. Njengamanje, kusenezitofu ze-silicon zezimboni ezivaliwe, futhi kunzima ukuzilungisa esikhathini esifushane.
Okwesithathu, uma amanani asekhaya ehlala ephezulu, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle. Insimbi ye-silicon yaseShayina ithunyelwa kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia, yize ingavamile ukuthunyelwa emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni zaseYurophu kukhuphukile ngenxa yamanani aphezulu omhlaba wonke muva nje. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenxa yenzuzo yezindleko zasekhaya zaseShayina, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-silicon yaseShayina kwaba nenzuzo enkulu, futhi umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wawumkhulu. Kodwa lapho amanani ephezulu, ezinye izifunda nazo zizokwandisa amandla okukhiqiza, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuzoncipha.
Futhi, maqondana nesidingo esingezansi, kuzoba nokukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwe-silicon ne-polysilicon engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka. Ngokuphathelene ne-polysilicon, umthamo wokukhiqiza ohleliwe kwikota yesine yalo nyaka ungamathani angaba ngu-230,000, kanti isidingo esiphelele se-silicon yensimbi kulindeleke ukuthi sibe cishe amathani angu-500,000. Kodwa-ke, imakethe yabathengi bomkhiqizo wokugcina ingase ingasebenzisi umthamo omusha, ngakho-ke izinga lokusebenza lilonke lomthamo omusha lizoncipha. Ngokuvamile, ukushoda kwensimbi ye-silicon kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke phakathi nonyaka, kodwa igebe ngeke libe likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, izinkampani ze-silicon ne-polysilicon ezingabandakanyi i-silicon yensimbi zizobhekana nezinselele.